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Anomalocarids
Radiodonta is an extinct order of stem-group arthropods that was successful worldwide during the Cambrian period. They may be referred to as radiodonts, radiodontans, radiodontids, anomalocarids, or anomalocaridids, although the last two originally refer to the family Anomalocarididae, which previously included all species of this order but is now restricted to only a few species. Radiodonts are distinguished by their distinctive frontal appendages, which are morphologically diverse and used for a variety of functions. Radiodonts included the earliest large predators known, but they also included sediment sifters and filter feeders. Some of the most famous species of radiodonts are the Cambrian taxa ''Anomalocaris canadensis'', ''Hurdia victoria'', '' Peytoia nathorsti'', '' Titanokorys gainessii, Cambroraster falcatus'' and ''Amplectobelua symbrachiata'', the Ordovician '' Aegirocassis benmoulai'' and the Devonian ''Schinderhannes bartelsi''. Etymology The name Radiodonta (Lati ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arthropods
Arthropods (, (gen. ποδός)) are invertebrate animals with an exoskeleton, a Segmentation (biology), segmented body, and paired jointed appendages. Arthropods form the phylum Arthropoda. They are distinguished by their jointed limbs and Arthropod cuticle, cuticle made of chitin, often Mineralization (biology), mineralised with calcium carbonate. The arthropod body plan consists of segments, each with a pair of appendages. Arthropods are bilaterally symmetrical and their body possesses an exoskeleton, external skeleton. In order to keep growing, they must go through stages of moulting, a process by which they shed their exoskeleton to reveal a new one. Some species have wings. They are an extremely diverse group, with up to 10 million species. The haemocoel, an arthropod's internal cavity, through which its haemolymph – analogue of blood – circulates, accommodates its interior Organ (anatomy), organs; it has an open circulatory system. Like their exteriors, the internal or ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arthropod
Arthropods (, (gen. ποδός)) are invertebrate animals with an exoskeleton, a Segmentation (biology), segmented body, and paired jointed appendages. Arthropods form the phylum Arthropoda. They are distinguished by their jointed limbs and Arthropod cuticle, cuticle made of chitin, often Mineralization (biology), mineralised with calcium carbonate. The arthropod body plan consists of segments, each with a pair of appendages. Arthropods are bilaterally symmetrical and their body possesses an exoskeleton, external skeleton. In order to keep growing, they must go through stages of moulting, a process by which they shed their exoskeleton to reveal a new one. Some species have wings. They are an extremely diverse group, with up to 10 million species. The haemocoel, an arthropod's internal cavity, through which its haemolymph – analogue of blood – circulates, accommodates its interior Organ (anatomy), organs; it has an open circulatory system. Like their exteriors, the internal or ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anomalocaris
''Anomalocaris'' ("unlike other shrimp", or "abnormal shrimp") is an extinct genus of Radiodonta, radiodont, an Order (biology), order of early-diverging stem-group arthropods. The first fossils of ''Anomalocaris'' were discovered in the ''Ogygopsis'' Shale of the Stephen Formation in British Columbia, Canada by Joseph Frederick Whiteaves, with more examples found by Charles Doolittle Walcott in the Burgess Shale unit of the Stephen Formation. Other closely related fossils have been found in the older Emu Bay Shale of Australia, as well as possibly elsewhere. Originally several fossilized parts discovered separately (the mouth, frontal appendages and trunk) were thought to be three separate creatures, a misapprehension corrected by Harry B. Whittington and Derek Briggs in a 1985 journal article. With a body length close to 40 centimetres, ''A. canadensis'' is thought to be one of the earliest examples of an apex predator, though others have been found in older Cambrian lagerstätte ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Peytoia Nathorsti
''Peytoia'' is a genus of hurdiid radiodont that lived in the Cambrian period, containing two species, ''Peytoia nathorsti'' from the Miaolingian of Canada and ''Peytoia infercambriensis'' from Poland, dating to Cambrian Stage 3. Its two frontal appendages had long bristle-like spines, it had no fan tail, and its short stalked eyes were behind its large head. 108 specimens of ''Peytoia'' are known from the Greater Phyllopod bed, where they comprise 0.21% of the community. ''Peytoia nathorsti'' and its junior synonym ''Laggania cambria'' played a major role in the discovery of the radiodont body plan. Initially interpreted as a jellyfish and a sea cucumber respectively, they were eventually shown to be the mouthparts and body of a single animal, which bore ''Anomalocaris''-like appendages. ''Peytoia infercambriensis'' is the geologically oldest known radiodont species. Classification ''Peytoia'' belongs to the clade Hurdiidae, and is closely related to the contemporary genus ' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Laminacaris
''Laminacaris'' is a genus of extinct stem-group arthropods (Radiodonta) that lived during the Cambrian period. It is monotypic with a single species ''Laminacaris chimera'', the fossil of which was described from the Chengjian biota of China in 2018. Around the same time, two specimens that were similar or of the same species were discovered at the Kinzers Formation in Pennsylvania, USA. The first specimens from China were three frontal appendages, without the other body parts. ''Laminacaris'' specimens were discovered from three sites in China: the mudstones of the Yu'anshan Member of the Chiungchussu Formation in eastern Yunnan Province, the Mafang section in the Haikou area at Kunming, and the Heimadi section, Chengjiang. The name is derived from Latin words, ''lamina'' meaning thin blade, and ''caris'' for crab; the species name refers to a Greek mythological creature, ''Chimera'', that has a body composed of parts of more than one animal. In 2022, it is treated that is poss ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Houcaris
''Houcaris'' is a genus of tamisiocarididid radiodonts known from Cambrian Series 2 of China and the United States. It contains two species, ''Houcaris saron'' and ''Houcaris magnabasis'', both of which were originally named as species of the related genus ''Anomalocaris''. The genus ''Houcaris'' was established for the two species in 2021 and honors Hou Xianguang, who had discovered and named the type species ''H. saron'' in 1995 along with his colleagues Jan Bergström and Per E. Ahlberg. Species ''Houcaris saron'' ''H. saron'', known from Maotianshan Shale in Yunnan, is first described in 1995 as ''Anomalocaris saron''. This species is only known from frontal appendages. There is a specimen (ELRC 20001) that is previously considered as whole body fossil of this species, but later study shows that this specimen is not belonging to this species, and later given own genus ''Innovatiocaris''. Length of frontal appendage is up to at least 12 cm. Sometimes considered to belong ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Innovatiocaris
''Innovatiocaris'' (meaning "innovation crab") is a genus of radiodont of uncertain family from the early Cambrian Chengjiang Lagerstätte of Yunnan Province, China. The genus contains two named species, ''I. maotianshanensis'', known from a nearly complete individual and isolated frontal appendages, and ''I.''? ''multispiniformis'', known from a complete frontal appendage. Discovery and naming The holotype specimen of ''Innovatiocaris maotianshanensis'', ELRC 20001 was long considered in scientific literature as "''Anomalocaris'' sp". or ''Anomalocaris saron'' (=''Houcaris saron''). However, in 2022, Zeng ''et al''. described it as a new genus and species of radiodont. The holotype consists of the nearly complete remains of a young individual, preserved on a part and counterpart. A brief description of the specimen was provided in Chen ''et al''. (1994), but, despite its popularity in popular science literature, it did not receiv a detailed description until 2022. ELRC 2001 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paranomalocaris
''Paranomalocaris'' is a genus of primitive radiodont recovered from Wulongqing Formation, eastern Yunnan. It contains two species, ''Paranomalocaris multisegmentalis'' and ''P. simplex''. It is only known from its frontal appendage (now known to be homologous to the labrum of euarthropod Arthropods (, (gen. ποδός)) are invertebrate animals with an exoskeleton, a segmented body, and paired jointed appendages. Arthropods form the phylum Arthropoda. They are distinguished by their jointed limbs and cuticle made of chitin, oft ... and primary antennae of Onychophorans). The frontal appendage features endites with numerous auxiliary spines, and at least 22 segments (podomeres), hence the specific name ''multisegmentalis''. References {{Taxonbar, from=Q65042329 Anomalocaridids Fossil taxa described in 2013 Cambrian arthropods ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Order (biology)
Order ( la, wikt:ordo#Latin, ordo) is one of the eight major hierarchical taxonomic ranks in Linnaean taxonomy. It is classified between Family_(biology), family and Class_(biology), class. In biological classification, the order is a taxonomic rank used in the classification of organisms and recognized by the nomenclature codes. An immediately higher rank, superorder, is sometimes added directly above order, with suborder directly beneath order. An order can also be defined as a group of related families. What does and does not belong to each order is determined by a taxonomist, as is whether a particular order should be recognized at all. Often there is no exact agreement, with different taxonomists each taking a different position. There are no hard rules that a taxonomist needs to follow in describing or recognizing an order. Some taxa are accepted almost universally, while others are recognized only rarely. The name of an order is usually written with a capital letter. Fo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cambrian
The Cambrian Period ( ; sometimes symbolized C with bar, Ꞓ) was the first geological period of the Paleozoic Era, and of the Phanerozoic Eon. The Cambrian lasted 53.4 million years from the end of the preceding Ediacaran Period 538.8 million years ago (mya) to the beginning of the Ordovician Period mya. Its subdivisions, and its base, are somewhat in flux. The period was established as "Cambrian series" by Adam Sedgwick, who named it after Cambria, the Latin name for 'Cymru' (Wales), where Britain's Cambrian rocks are best exposed. Sedgwick identified the layer as part of his task, along with Roderick Murchison, to subdivide the large "Transition Series", although the two geologists disagreed for a while on the appropriate categorization. The Cambrian is unique in its unusually high proportion of sedimentary deposits, sites of exceptional preservation where "soft" parts of organisms are preserved as well as their more resistant shells. As a result, our understanding of the Ca ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stem-group
In phylogenetics, the crown group or crown assemblage is a collection of species composed of the living representatives of the collection, the most recent common ancestor of the collection, and all descendants of the most recent common ancestor. It is thus a way of defining a clade, a group consisting of a species and all its extant or extinct descendants. For example, Neornithes (birds) can be defined as a crown group, which includes the most recent common ancestor of all modern birds, and all of its extant or extinct descendants. The concept was developed by Willi Hennig, the formulator of phylogenetic systematics, as a way of classifying living organisms relative to their extinct relatives in his "Die Stammesgeschichte der Insekten", and the "crown" and "stem" group terminology was coined by R. P. S. Jefferies in 1979. Though formulated in the 1970s, the term was not commonly used until its reintroduction in 2000 by Graham Budd and Sören Jensen. Contents of the crown gr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Caryosyntrips
''Caryosyntrips'' ("nutcracker") is an extinct genus of radiodont which known from Canada, United States and Spain during the middle Cambrian. ''Caryosyntrips'' is known only from its 14-segmented frontal appendages, which resemble nutcrackers, recovered from the Burgess Shale Formation, Canada Wheeler Shale and Marjum Formation, United States, and Valdemiedes Formation, Spain. It was first named by Allison C. Daley, Graham E. Budd in 2010 and the type species is ''Caryosyntrips serratus''. ''Caryosyntrips'' is thought to have used their appendages in a scissor-like grasping or slicing motion, and were probably durophagous Durophagy is the eating behavior of animals that consume hard-shelled or exoskeleton bearing organisms, such as corals, shelled mollusks, or crabs. It is mostly used to describe fish, but is also used when describing reptiles, including fossil tu ..., feeding on hard-shelled organisms. Due to the unusual morphology of the frontal appendages and the limited ex ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
