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Al-Nafir
''Nafir'' (Arabic نَفير, DIN 31635, DMG ''an-nafīr''), also ''nfīr'', plural ''anfār'', Turkish ''nefir'', is a slender shrill-sounding straight natural trumpet with a cylindrical tube and a conical metal bell, producing one or two notes. It was used as a military signaling instrument and as a ceremonial instrument in countries shaped by Islamic culture in North Africa, the Middle East and South Asia. In Ottoman, Persian and Mugulin miniatures, the ''nafīr'' is depicted in battle scenes. Similar straight signal trumpets have been known since ancient Egyptian times and among the Assyrians and Etruscans. After the fall of the Roman Empire, the straight-tubed Roman tuba, continued to flourish in the Middle East among the Sassanids and their Arabic successors. The Saracens, whose long metal trumpets greatly impressed the Christian armies at the time of the Crusades, were ultimately responsible for reintroducing the instrument to Europe after a lapse of six hundred years. The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brass Instrument
A brass instrument is a musical instrument that produces sound by sympathetic vibration of air in a tubular resonator in sympathy with the vibration of the player's lips. Brass instruments are also called labrosones or labrophones, from Latin and Greek elements meaning 'lip' and 'sound'. There are several factors involved in producing different pitches on a brass instrument. Slides, valves, crooks (though they are rarely used today), or keys are used to change vibratory length of tubing, thus changing the available harmonic series, while the player's embouchure, lip tension and air flow serve to select the specific harmonic produced from the available series. The view of most scholars (see organology) is that the term "brass instrument" should be defined by the way the sound is made, as above, and not by whether the instrument is actually made of brass. Thus one finds brass instruments made of wood, like the alphorn, the cornett, the serpent and the didgeridoo, while some ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Clarion (instrument)
Clarion is a common name for a trumpet in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance. It also is used as a name for a 4' organ reed stop. There is wide confusion over whether clarion invariably refers to a type of trumpet or simply the upper register of the standard trumpet. Etymology "Clarion" derives from three Latin words: the noun ''clario'' (trumpet), the adjective ''clarus'' (bright or clear), and the verb ''claro'' (to make clear). Throughout Europe, an eclectic set of variations on clarion came into use. The meaning of these variations was not standard. It is not clear whether they are meant to refer to an actual instrument or simply the high register of the trumpet. In France, the usage evolved into words like "clairin", "clarin", "clerain", "clerin", "clairon", "claroncel", and "claronchiel". Clairon become the most commonly used version. English variants were "claro", "clario", "clarone", "clarasius", "clarioune", "claryon" and "clarion". In Spain, the terminology became "cla ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Regalia Of Malaysia
The regalia of Malaysia (Malay: ''Alat-alat Kebesaran Diraja Malaysia''; Jawi: الت٢ كبسرن دراج مليسيا) includes all the items which are deemed sacred and symbolic of the supremacy and authority of the Yang di-Pertuan Agong or the Supreme King of Malaysia and his consort, the Raja Permaisuri Agong. The installation of the Supreme King is a very special ceremony. Only on this particular day are the masses able to see his regalia. Several of these are Malaysian National Treasures since 2009. The Throne The Thrones at Istana Negara's ''Balairong Seri'' (Throne Room) is crafted to blend motifs from Peninsular Malaysia as well as Sabah and Sarawak. The primary element is gold, to add regality and an imperial aura, and all designs point upwards to indicate that all beings are created by Allah. ''Tengkolok Diraja'' (Royal headdress) According to Malay legend, the first Sultan of Perak, Sultan Muzaffar Shah I Ibni Almarhum Sultan Mahmud Shah (1528–1549) set sail ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Naqqar Khana
Naqqar Khana ( hi, नक़्क़ार ख़ाना, ur, ) or Naubat Khana (Hindi: नौबत ख़ाना, Urdu: ) is a term for a drum house or orchestra pit during ceremonies. The name literally means ''drum'' (Naqqar/Naubat)-''house'' (Khana). They are a distinct sign of Mughal architecture and were constructed under areas their influence in India, Pakistan and nearby countries. Bismillah Khan's family had played shehnai for generations in Naqqar Khanas overlooking palaces and temples which enabled their music to be heard across the countryside. Important locations Red Fort The pavilion named Naubat Khana in Red Fort in Delhi is near the entrance on the eastern side of the ten pillars lane, next to a different pavilion where royal palanquins and other paraphernalia were placed. It housed 18 kinds of musical instruments that used to form part of the royal entourage. It was constructed in 1636 CE by the Mughals. After the end of their patronage, Naubat Khana ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Al-Andalus
Al-Andalus DIN 31635, translit. ; an, al-Andalus; ast, al-Ándalus; eu, al-Andalus; ber, ⴰⵏⴷⴰⵍⵓⵙ, label=Berber languages, Berber, translit=Andalus; ca, al-Àndalus; gl, al-Andalus; oc, Al Andalús; pt, al-Ândalus; es, al-Ándalus () was the Muslim-ruled area of the Iberian Peninsula. The term is used by modern historians for the former Islamic states in modern Spain and Portugal. At its greatest geographical extent, it occupied most of the peninsula and a part of present-day southern France, Septimania (8th century). For nearly a hundred years, from the 9th century to the 10th, al-Andalus extended its presence from Fraxinetum into the Alps with a series of organized raids and chronic banditry. The name describes the different Arab and Muslim states that controlled these territories at various times between 711 and 1492. These boundaries changed constantly as the Christian Reconquista progressed,"Para los autores árabes medievales, el término Al-And ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Añafil
The ''buisine'' and the ''añafil'' were variations of a type of straight medieval trumpet usually made of metal, also called a herald's trumpet. While arguably the same instrument, the two names represent two separate traditions, in which a Persian-Arabic-Turkic instrument called the ''Nafir'' entered European culture in different places and times. The term ''buisine'' (Old French; also, ''busine'', ''buysine'', ''buzine'') descends from ''Buccina'', a Roman military horn. The horn was mainly used for military and ceremonial purposes. When Europeans went to the crusades, the instrument was seen as a proper military target (in the same way a flag or pendant was), something to capture and bring home. The term ''añafil'' descends from ''al-Nafir'', the Persian-Arab Islamic trumpet which was used by Moorish armies in Spain, before the Crusades. By the Reconquista (722–1492) when residents of the future Spain retook the Iberian Peninsula, ''añafil'' was part of the nation's lan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Crusades
The Crusades were a series of religious wars initiated, supported, and sometimes directed by the Latin Church in the medieval period. The best known of these Crusades are those to the Holy Land in the period between 1095 and 1291 that were intended to recover Holy Land, Jerusalem and its surrounding area from Muslim conquests, Islamic rule. Beginning with the First Crusade, which resulted in the recovery of Jerusalem in 1099, dozens of Crusades were fought, providing a focal point of European history for centuries. In 1095, Pope Pope Urban II, Urban II proclaimed the First Crusade at the Council of Clermont. He encouraged military support for List of Byzantine emperors, Byzantine emperor Alexios I Komnenos, AlexiosI against the Seljuk Empire, Seljuk Turks and called for an armed pilgrimage to Jerusalem. Across all social strata in western Europe, there was an enthusiastic response. The first Crusaders had a variety of motivations, including religious salvation, satisfying feud ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Natural Trumpet
A natural trumpet is a valveless brass instrument that is able to play the notes of the harmonic series. History The natural trumpet was used as a military instrument to facilitate communication (e.g. break camp, retreat, etc.). Even before the late Baroque period the natural trumpet had been accepted into Western art music. There is evidence, for example, of extensive use of trumpet ensembles in Venetian ceremonial music of the 16th century. Although neither Andrea nor Giovanni Gabrieli wrote music specifically for the trumpet, they would have been very familiar with its technical possibilities. Later, talented players such as the early baroque composer Girolamo Fantini demonstrated that by playing in the extreme upper register and "lipping" the notes of the 11th and 13th harmonics (that is, flattening or sharpening those impure harmonics into tune with the embouchure), it was possible to play diatonic major and minor scales (and, hence, actual melodies rather than arpeggios) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
DIN 31635
DIN 31635 is a Deutsches Institut für Normung (DIN) standard for the transliteration of the Arabic alphabet adopted in 1982. It is based on the rules of the Deutsche Morgenländische Gesellschaft (DMG) as modified by the International Orientalist Congress 1935 in Rome. The most important differences from English-based systems were doing away with '' j'', because it stood for in the English-speaking world and for in the German-speaking world and the entire absence of digraphs like ''th, dh, kh, gh, sh''. Its acceptance relies less on its official status than on its elegance (one sign for each Arabic letter) and the ''Geschichte der arabischen Literatur'' manuscript catalogue of Carl Brockelmann and the dictionary of Hans Wehr. Today it is used in most German-language publications of Arabic and Islamic studies. Table :The 28 letters: Rules The ' (', ' and ') are transliterated as ', ' and '. A ' results in a geminate (consonant written twice). The article is written with the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Baroque Trumpet
The baroque trumpet is a musical instrument in the brass family. Smithers, Don L. 1988 ''The Music and History of the Baroque Trumpet before 1721''. 2nd edition. Carbondale, IL: Southern Illinois University Press. Invented in the mid-20th century, it is based on the natural trumpet of the 16th to 18th centuries, but designed to allow modern performers to imitate the earlier instrument when playing music of that time. Often synonymous with 'natural trumpet', the term 'baroque trumpet' is often used to differentiate an instrument which has added vent holes and other modern compromises, from an original or replica natural trumpet which does not.Barclay, Robert. 1998. A New Species of Instrument: The Vented Trumpet in Context. ''Historic Brass Journal'', vol. 10: p.1-13. History See natural trumpet. Modern reproductions The term "baroque trumpet" has come to mean a version of the original natural trumpet, with changes to suit modern players, who tend to play both the modern trumpet an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Narsinga
The ransingha or ransinga is a type of primitive trumpet made of copper or copper alloys, used in both India and Nepal. The instrument is made of two metal curves, joined together to form an "S" shape. It may also be reassembled to form a crescent. It is part of a group of curved-tube instruments that include the ransingha, the narsinga and the sringa. It may also be related to the laawaa and Tibetan dungchen, both straight tubular copper horns. Alternate names The instrument's name has been variously spelled narsinga, ransingha, ramsinga, and srnga. Srnga is ''Sanscrit'' for horn and used in North India and Nepal. Its modern forms include "''Sig''", "''Siga,''", and "''Singha''". The term was historically used for a wide variety shapes and sizes of horns, including straight horns, and horns made from water buffalo horns with mouthpieces made from ox horns. Ramsingha The ramsinga is a pronunciation specific to India. It uses four pipes of very thin metal which fit one within ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sringa
The Sringa, also known as tutari, ranasringa, blowhorn, sig, singa, kurudutu or kombu, is an ancient Indian musical instrument. It is a type of horn wind instrument. Construction There are two shape types of bugles, one made in "S" shape, and the other in "C" shape. Material was originally made of animal horn, and of metal. Playing The tutari in Maharashtra, has survived not just because of its connections to royal traditions, but as a current political symbol. The instrument is also executed in South India, in Sri Lanka, and Nepal. It is played for festivals, and in ritual performances known as kshetram vadyam. It is also played for marriages and in military music. See also *Kombu (instrument) *Ransingha The ransingha or ransinga is a type of primitive trumpet made of copper or copper alloys, used in both India and Nepal. The instrument is made of two metal curves, joined together to form an "S" shape. It may also be reassembled to form a cresce .... A similar instrume ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
