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Akaganeite
Akaganeite, also written as the deprecated Akaganéite,Ernst A.J. Burke (2008):Tidying up Mineral Names: an IMA-CNMNC Scheme for Suffixes, Hyphens and Diacritical marks. ''Mineralogical Record'', volume 39, issue 2. is a chloride-containing iron(III) oxide-hydroxide mineral, formed by the weathering of pyrrhotite (Fe1−''x''S). Akaganeite is often described as the β phase of anhydrous ferric oxyhydroxide , but some chloride (or fluoride) ions are normally included in the structure,Jongsik Kim and Clare P. Grey (2010), "Li Solid-State MAS NMR Study of Local Environments and Lithium Adsorption on the Iron(III) Oxyhydroxide, Akaganeite (β-FeOOH)". ''Chemistry of Materials'', volume 22, pages 5453–5462. so a more accurate formula is .C. Rémazeilles and Ph. Refait (2007):On the formation of β-FeOOH (akaganéite) in chloride-containing environments. ''Corrosion Science'', volume 49, issue 2, pages 844-857. Nickel may substitute for iron, yielding the more general formula [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iron(III) Oxide-hydroxide
Iron(III) oxide-hydroxide or ferric oxyhydroxideA. L. Mackay (1960): "β-Ferric Oxyhydroxide". ''Mineralogical Magazine'' (''Journal of the Mineralogical Society''), volume 32, issue 250, pages 545-557. is the chemical compound of iron, oxygen, and hydrogen with formula . The compound is often encountered as one of its hydrates, ·''n'' ust The monohydrate · is often referred to as iron(III) hydroxide ,CAS , C.I. 77492 hydrated iron oxide, yellow iron oxide, or Pigment Yellow 42. Natural occurrences Minerals Anhydrous ferric hydroxide occurs in the nature as the exceedingly rare mineral bernalite, Fe(OH)3·''n''H2O (n=0.0-0.25). Iron oxyhydroxides, , are much more common and occur naturally as structurally different minerals (polymorphs) denoted by the Greek letters α, β, γ and δ. * Goethite, α-FeO(OH), has been used as an ochre pigment since prehistoric times. * Akaganeite is the β polymorph,A. L. Mackay (1962): "β-Ferric oxyhydroxide—akaganéite", ''Miner ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oxide Mineral
The oxide mineral class includes those minerals in which the oxide anion (O2−) is bonded to one or more metal alloys. The hydroxide-bearing minerals are typically included in the oxide class. The minerals with complex anion groups such as the silicates, sulfates, carbonates and phosphates are classed separately. Simple oxides: *XO **Periclase group ***Periclase ***Manganosite **Zincite group ***Zincite *** Bromellite ***Tenorite ***Litharge * **Cuprite **Ice * **Hematite group ***Corundum ***Hematite ***Ilmenite * **Rutile group ***Rutile ***Pyrolusite ***Cassiterite **Baddeleyite **Uraninite **Thorianite * **Spinel group ***Spinel ***Gahnite ***Magnetite ***Franklinite ***Chromite **Chrysoberyl **Columbite *Hydroxide subgroup: **Brucite **Manganite ** Romanèchite **Goethite group: ***Diaspore ***Goethite Nickel–Strunz Classification -04- Oxides IMA-CNMNC proposes a new hierarchical scheme (Mills et al., 2009). This list uses it to modify ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iron(III) Oxide-hydroxide
Iron(III) oxide-hydroxide or ferric oxyhydroxideA. L. Mackay (1960): "β-Ferric Oxyhydroxide". ''Mineralogical Magazine'' (''Journal of the Mineralogical Society''), volume 32, issue 250, pages 545-557. is the chemical compound of iron, oxygen, and hydrogen with formula . The compound is often encountered as one of its hydrates, ·''n'' ust The monohydrate · is often referred to as iron(III) hydroxide ,CAS , C.I. 77492 hydrated iron oxide, yellow iron oxide, or Pigment Yellow 42. Natural occurrences Minerals Anhydrous ferric hydroxide occurs in the nature as the exceedingly rare mineral bernalite, Fe(OH)3·''n''H2O (n=0.0-0.25). Iron oxyhydroxides, , are much more common and occur naturally as structurally different minerals (polymorphs) denoted by the Greek letters α, β, γ and δ. * Goethite, α-FeO(OH), has been used as an ochre pigment since prehistoric times. * Akaganeite is the β polymorph,A. L. Mackay (1962): "β-Ferric oxyhydroxide—akaganéite", ''Miner ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hollandite
Hollandite (chemical formula: Ba(Mn4+6Mn3+2)O16) is an oxide mineral. It is the barium-manganese (III) endmember of the coronadite group. A mineral, with the chemical composition BaMn4+6Fe3+2O16, that was first found in the Kajlidongri mine in the Jhabua district of Madhya Pradesh, India, had the name ''hollandite'' until it was reclassified as ''ferrihollandite'' by the International Mineralogical Association in 2012. Ferrihollandite is the barium-iron (III) endmember of the coronadite group. Rare quartz inclusion See also *Manganese dioxide Manganese dioxide is the inorganic compound with the formula . This blackish or brown solid occurs naturally as the mineral pyrolusite, which is the main ore of manganese and a component of manganese nodules. The principal use for is for dry-cell ... References {{Reflist Barium minerals Manganese(III,IV) minerals Oxide minerals ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mining
Mining is the extraction of valuable minerals or other geological materials from the Earth, usually from an ore body, lode, vein, seam, reef, or placer deposit. The exploitation of these deposits for raw material is based on the economic viability of investing in the equipment, labor, and energy required to extract, refine and transport the materials found at the mine to manufacturers who can use the material. Ores recovered by mining include metals, coal, oil shale, gemstones, limestone, chalk, dimension stone, rock salt, potash, gravel, and clay. Mining is required to obtain most materials that cannot be grown through agricultural processes, or feasibly created artificially in a laboratory or factory. Mining in a wider sense includes extraction of any non-renewable resource such as petroleum, natural gas, or even water. Modern mining processes involve prospecting for ore bodies, analysis of the profit potential of a proposed mine, extraction of the desired materials, an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iwate, Iwate
is a town located in Iwate Prefecture, Japan. , the town had an estimated population of 13,111, and a population density of 36 persons per km² in 5455 households. The total area of the town is . Geography Iwate is located in an inland region in northwest Iwate Prefecture. Neighboring municipalities Iwate Prefecture *Morioka * Hachimantai * Ichinohe * Kuzumaki Climate Iwate Town has a humid continental climate (Köppen climate classification ''Dfa'') characterized by mild summers and cold winters. The average annual temperature in Iwate is 8.4 °C. The average annual rainfall is 1384 mm with September as the wettest month, and February as the driest month. The temperatures are highest on average in August, at around 22.0 °C, and lowest in January, at around -4.1 °C. Demographics Per Japanese census data, the population of Iwate has steadily declined over the past 60 years. History The area of present-day Iwate was part of ancient Mutsu Province. It was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Japan
Japan ( ja, 日本, or , and formally , ''Nihonkoku'') is an island country in East Asia. It is situated in the northwest Pacific Ocean, and is bordered on the west by the Sea of Japan, while extending from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north toward the East China Sea, Philippine Sea, and Taiwan in the south. Japan is a part of the Ring of Fire, and spans Japanese archipelago, an archipelago of List of islands of Japan, 6852 islands covering ; the five main islands are Hokkaido, Honshu (the "mainland"), Shikoku, Kyushu, and Okinawa Island, Okinawa. Tokyo is the Capital of Japan, nation's capital and largest city, followed by Yokohama, Osaka, Nagoya, Sapporo, Fukuoka, Kobe, and Kyoto. Japan is the List of countries and dependencies by population, eleventh most populous country in the world, as well as one of the List of countries and dependencies by population density, most densely populated and Urbanization by country, urbanized. About three-fourths of Geography of Japan, the c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Earth And Man National Museum
The Earth and Man National Museum ( bg, Национален музей „Земята и хората“, romanized ''Natsionalen muzey „Zemyata i horata“'') is a mineralogical museum in the centre of Sofia, the capital of Bulgaria Bulgaria (; bg, България, Bǎlgariya), officially the Republic of Bulgaria,, ) is a country in Southeast Europe. It is situated on the eastern flank of the Balkans, and is bordered by Romania to the north, Serbia and North Macedo .... It's one of the biggest mineralogical museums in the world. It was founded on 30 December 1985 and opened for visitors on 19 June 1987. The museum is situated in a reconstructed and adapted historic building with an area of 4,000 m² (43056 square feet) constructed in the end of the 19th century (1896–1898). It has a number of exhibition halls, stock premises, laboratories, a video room and a conference room. Its collection covers 40% of all known naturally occurring minerals as well as man-ma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alan Lindsay Mackay
Alan Lindsay Mackay FRS (born 6 September 1926) is a British crystallographer, born in Wolverhampton. He spent his scientific career at Birkbeck College, founded by George Birkbeck, one of the Colleges of the University of London, where he was immersed in a liberal scientific atmosphere under the leadership of John Desmond Bernal. Mackay has made important scientific contributions related to the structure of materials: In 1962 he published a manuscript that showed how to pack atoms in an icosahedral fashion; a first step towards five-fold symmetry in materials science. These arrangements are now called Mackay icosahedra. He is a pioneer in the introduction of five-fold symmetry in materials and in 1981 predicted quasicrystals in a paper (in Russian) entitled "De Nive Quinquangula" in which he used a Penrose tiling in two and three dimensions to predict a new kind of ordered structures not allowed by traditional crystallography. In a later manuscript, in 1982, he took the optica ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Crystal Structure
In crystallography, crystal structure is a description of the ordered arrangement of atoms, ions or molecules in a crystal, crystalline material. Ordered structures occur from the intrinsic nature of the constituent particles to form symmetric patterns that repeat along the principal directions of Three-dimensional space (mathematics), three-dimensional space in matter. The smallest group of particles in the material that constitutes this repeating pattern is the unit cell of the structure. The unit cell completely reflects the symmetry and structure of the entire crystal, which is built up by repetitive Translation (geometry), translation of the unit cell along its principal axes. The translation vectors define the nodes of the Bravais lattice. The lengths of the principal axes, or edges, of the unit cell and the angles between them are the lattice constants, also called ''lattice parameters'' or ''cell parameters''. The symmetry properties of the crystal are described by the con ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Moon
The Moon is Earth's only natural satellite. It is the fifth largest satellite in the Solar System and the largest and most massive relative to its parent planet, with a diameter about one-quarter that of Earth (comparable to the width of Australia). The Moon is a planetary-mass object with a differentiated rocky body, making it a satellite planet under the geophysical definitions of the term and larger than all known dwarf planets of the Solar System. It lacks any significant atmosphere, hydrosphere, or magnetic field. Its surface gravity is about one-sixth of Earth's at , with Jupiter's moon Io being the only satellite in the Solar System known to have a higher surface gravity and density. The Moon orbits Earth at an average distance of , or about 30 times Earth's diameter. Its gravitational influence is the main driver of Earth's tides and very slowly lengthens Earth's day. The Moon's orbit around Earth has a sidereal period of 27.3 days. During each synodic period ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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