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Ahruf
According to Islamic tradition, the Quran was revealed to the Islamic prophet Muhammad by the angel Gabriel (''Jibril '') in seven ''ahruf'' ( ar, أَحْرُف, translit=aḥruf, sing. ''ḥarf''), translated variously as "editions", "styles", "ways", "forms" and "modes".Abu Ameenah Bilal Philips, ''Tafseer Soorah Al-Hujuraat'', 1990, Tawheed Publications, Riyadh, pp. 29–30. Although Muslim scholars differ on their exact nature, it is thought they constituted a degree of acceptable variation in the Quranic text. The standardisation of the Quranic ''rasm'' and destruction of the mushafs '' by Rashidun caliph Uthman the extent to which the Uthmanic codex contains the seven ''ahruf'' has been a subject of debate. The ''ahruf'' are distinct from the ten ''qira'at'', which are other variant readings of the Quran that were canonized later on and are still in use. Etymology The word ''aḥruf'' is the plural of paucity of the Arabic word ''ḥarf'', which has multiple mea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Qira'at
In Islam, ''Qirāah'', (pl. ''Qirāāt''; ar, قراءات , lit= recitations or readings) are different linguistic, lexical, phonetic, morphological and syntactical forms permitted with reciting the holy book of Islam, the Quran. Differences between ''Qiraat'' are slight and include varying rules regarding the prolongation, intonation, and pronunciation of words, but also differences in stops, vowels, consonants (leading to different pronouns and verb forms), and less frequently entire words. Qiraʼat also refers to the branch of Islamic studies that deals with these modes of recitation. There are ten different recognised schools of ''qiraat'', each one deriving its name from a noted Quran reciter or "reader" (''qāriʾ'' pl. ''qāriʾūn'' or ''qurr'aʿ''), such as Nafi‘ al-Madani, Ibn Kathir al-Makki, Abu Amr of Basra, Ibn Amir ad-Dimashqi, Aasim ibn Abi al-Najud, Hamzah az-Zaiyyat, Al-Kisa'i. While these readers lived in the second and third century of Islam, the s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sahih Al-Bukhari
Sahih al-Bukhari ( ar, صحيح البخاري, translit=Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī), group=note is a ''hadith'' collection and a book of '' sunnah'' compiled by the Persian scholar Muḥammad ibn Ismā‘īl al-Bukhārī (810–870) around 846. Alongside ''Sahih Muslim'', it is one of the most valued books in Sunni Islam after the Quran. Both books are part of the Kutub al-Sittah, the six major Sunni collections of ''hadith'' of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. The book is also revered by Zaydi Shias. It consists of an estimated 7,563 ''hadith'' narrations across its 97 chapters. Content Sources differ on the exact number of hadiths in Sahih al-Bukhari, with definitions of ''hadith'' varying from a prophetic tradition or '' sunnah'', or a narration of that tradition. Experts have estimated the number of full-''isnad'' narrations in the Sahih at 7,563, with the number reducing to around 2,600 without considerations to repetitions or different versions of the same ''hadith.'' Bukhari ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Islam
Islam (; ar, ۘالِإسلَام, , ) is an Abrahamic religions, Abrahamic Monotheism#Islam, monotheistic religion centred primarily around the Quran, a religious text considered by Muslims to be the direct word of God in Islam, God (or ''Allah'') as it was revealed to Muhammad, the Muhammad in Islam, main and final Islamic prophet.Peters, F. E. 2009. "Allāh." In , edited by J. L. Esposito. Oxford: Oxford University Press. . (See alsoquick reference) "[T]he Muslims' understanding of Allāh is based...on the Qurʿān's public witness. Allāh is Unique, the Creator, Sovereign, and Judge of mankind. It is Allāh who directs the universe through his direct action on nature and who has guided human history through his prophets, Abraham, with whom he made his covenant, Moses/Moosa, Jesus/Eesa, and Muḥammad, through all of whom he founded his chosen communities, the 'Peoples of the Book.'" It is the Major religious groups, world's second-largest religion behind Christianity, w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ma'mar Ibn Rashid
Ma'mar ibn Rashid () was an 8th-century Persian hadith scholar. A Persian ''mawla'' ("freedman"), he is cited as an authority in all six of the canonical Sunni hadith collections. Life Ma'mar ibn Rashid was born in 96 AH/714 CE in Basra. He was a Persian ''mawla'' ("freedman") of the Huddan clan of Azd, trading cloth and other luxuries on their behalf. Despite this, he was able to study under the Basran scholars Hasan al-Basri and Qatada ibn Di'ama. While on a journey to trade wares at Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik's court in Resafa, he encountered and became pupil to the elderly scholar Ibn Shihab al-Zuhri. Ma'mar learned and transmitted a large body of traditions from al-Zuhri through audition, public recitation and writing, making his narrations coveted by other hadith scholars. Ma'mar remained in Resafa after al-Zuhri's death, and witnessed the removal of his late teacher's manuscripts from the Umayyad court following the assassination of al-Walid II. Amid the turbulence of t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Āyah
An Ayah ( ar, آية, ʾĀyah, ; ) is a "verse" in the Quran, one of the statements of varying length that make up the chapters (''surah'') of the Quran and are marked by a number. In the Quranic context the word means "evidence," "sign" or "miracle," and in Islam may refer to things other than Quranic verses, such as religious obligations (''ayat taklifiyyah'') or cosmic phenomena (''ayat takwiniyyah''). In the Quran it is referred to in several verses such as: Overview of the meaning Although meaning "verse" when using the Quran, it is doubtful whether "''ayah''" means anything other than "sign," "proof," or "remarkable event" in the Quran's text. The "signs" refer to various phenomena, ranging from the universe, its creation, the alternation between day and night, rainfall, and the life and growth of plants. Other references are to miracles or to the rewards of belief and the fate of unbelievers. For example: : "And of his signs is the creation of the heavens and earth ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ubayy Ibn Ka'b
Ubayy ibn Ka'b ( ar, أُبَيّ ٱبْن كَعْب, ') (died 649), also known as Abu Mundhir, was a companion of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and a person of high esteem in the early Muslim community. Biography Ubayy was born in Medina (then known as Yathrib), into the tribe of the Banu Khazraj. He was one of the first to accept Islam and pledge allegiance to Muhammad at al-Aqabah before the migration to Medina, becoming one of the Ansar. He joined the second pledge at al-Aqabah. Later, he participated in the battle of Badr and other following engagements. He acted as a scribe for Muhammad, writing letters for him. Ubayy was one of the few who put the Qur'anic Surahs into writing and had a Mushaf of his own. Following Muhammad's death, he was one of the twenty-five '' Hafiz'', people who knew the Qur'an completely by heart. He was part of the consultative group (''mushawarah'') to which the caliph Abu Bakr referred many problems. It included Umar, Uthman, Ali, Abd-al-Rah ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Musannaf Of Abd Al-Razzaq
The ''Musannaf'' of Abd al-Razzaq al-Sanʿani ( ar, مصنف عبد الرزاق الصنعاني, translit=Muṣannaf ʿAbd al-Razzāq al-Sanʿānī) is an early hadith collection compiled by the eighth-century Yemeni scholar ʽAbd al-Razzaq al-Sanʽani. As a collection of the '' musannaf'' genre, it contains over 18,000 traditions arranged in topical order. History Compilation Abd al-Razzaq al-Sanʿani likely compiled the ''musannaf'' in the second half of the second Hijri century after studying under Ma'mar ibn Rashid, Ibn Jurayj and Sufyan al-Thawri during their respective visits to Yemen. In a sample of 3,810 traditions analysed by Harald Motzki, the majority were largely transmitted from the three. As these three had compiled their own individual written hadith collections, al-Sanʿani's ''musannaf'' is considered to be a collation of older works. There are also relatively small numbers of traditions from Sufyan ibn ʽUyaynah, Abu Hanifa and Malik ibn Anas, among man ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sahih Muslim
Sahih Muslim ( ar, صحيح مسلم, translit=Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim), group=note is a 9th-century ''hadith'' collection and a book of '' sunnah'' compiled by the Persian scholar Muslim ibn al-Ḥajjāj (815–875). It is one of the most valued books in Sunni Islam after the Quran, alongside ''Sahih al-Bukhari''. Sahih Muslim is also one of the Kutub al-Sittah, the six major Sunni collections of ''hadith'' of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. The book is also revered by Zaydi Shias. It consists of approximately 7,500 ''hadith'' narrations across its introduction and 56 books. Content Sahih Muslim contains approximately 5,500 - 7,500 ''hadith'' narrations in its introduction and 56 books. Kâtip Çelebi (d. 1657) and Siddiq Hasan Khan (d. 1890) both counted 7,275 narrations. Muhammad Fuad Abdul Baqi wrote that there are 3,033 narrations without considering repetitions.''Hadith and the Quran'', Encyclopedia of the Quran, Brill Mashhur ibn Hasan Al Salman, a student of Al-Albani (d. 199 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kutub Al-Sittah
The ''Kutub al-Sittah'' ( ar-at, ٱلْكُتُب ٱلسِّتَّة, al-Kutub as-Sittah, lit=the six books) are six (originally five) books containing collections of ''hadith'' (sayings or acts of the Islamic prophet Muhammad) compiled by six Sunni Muslim scholars of Persian origin in the ninth century CE, approximately two centuries after the death of Muhammad. They are sometimes referred to as ''al-Sihah al-Sittah'', which translates as "The Authentic Six". They were first formally grouped and defined by Ibn al-Qaisarani in the 11th century, who added Sunan ibn Majah to the list. Since then, they have enjoyed near-universal acceptance as part of the official canon of Sunni Islam. Not all Sunni Muslim jurisprudence scholars agree on the addition of Ibn Majah. In particular, the Malikis and Ibn al-Athir consider al-Muwatta' to be the sixth book. The reason for the addition of Ibn Majah's Sunan is that it contains many Hadiths which do not figure in the other five, wherea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Al-Furqan
Al-Furqan ( ar, الفرقان, ; The Criterion) is the 25th chapter (sūrah) of the Qur'an with 77 verses ( āyāt). The name Al-Furqan, or "The Criterion" refers to the Qur'an itself as the decisive factor between good and evil. This Surah is nameAl-Furqanfrom the word appearing in the 1st ayat. The chapter emphasizes (25:68–70) that there is no sin, however great, that cannot be forgiven if sincerely repented, showing faith and working with righteous deeds. The al-Furqan refers to the Torah, saying "We sent Moses The Book, and appointed his brother Aaron with him as minister" (Sura 25, verse 35). Summary *1 God praised for the Quran *2 The one God a sovereign Creator and Ruler *3-4 The idolaters worship gods that are helpless *5-6 The Quran said to be Muhammad's own forgery *7 Muhammad protests that the Quran is from God *8-9 Unbelievers reject Muhammad because he is like other men *9 Muhammad said to be a madman *10 God comforts Muhammad on account of these calumnie ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Malik Ibn Anas
Malik ibn Anas ( ar, مَالِك بن أَنَس, 711–795 CE / 93–179 AH), whose full name is Mālik bin Anas bin Mālik bin Abī ʿĀmir bin ʿAmr bin Al-Ḥārith bin Ghaymān bin Khuthayn bin ʿAmr bin Al-Ḥārith al-Aṣbaḥī al-Ḥumyarī al-Madanī ( ar, مَالِك بِن أَنَس بِن مَالِك بن أَبِي عَامِر بِن عَمْرو بِن ٱلْحَارِث بِن غَيْمَان بِن خُثَين بِن عَمْرو بِن ٱلْحَارِث ٱلْأَصْبَحِي ٱلْحُمَيْرِي ٱلْمَدَنِي), reverently known as ''al-Imām Mālik'' ( ar, ٱلْإِمَام مَالِك) by Sunni Muslims, was an Arab Muslim jurist, theologian, and hadith traditionist.Schacht, J., "Mālik b. Anas", in: ''Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition'', Edited by: P. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C.E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel, W.P. Heinrichs. Brill Online. Born in the city of Medina, Malik rose to become the premier scholar of prophetic traditions ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Muwatta Imam Malik
The ''Muwaṭṭaʾ'' ( ar, الموطأ, "well-trodden path") or ''Muwatta Imam Malik'' ( ar, موطأ الإمام مالك) of Imam Malik (711–795) written in the 8th-century, is one of the earliest collections of hadith texts comprising the subjects of Islamic law, compiled by the Imam, Malik ibn Anas. Malik's best-known work, ''Al-Muwatta'' was the first legal work to incorporate and combine hadith and fiqh (except possibly for Zayd ibn Ali's Musnad). Description It is considered to be from the earliest extant collections of hadith that form the basis of Islamic jurisprudence alongside the Qur'an."The Hadith for Beginners", Dr. Muhammad Zubayr Siddiqi, 1961 (2006 reprint), Goodword Books It includes reliable hadith from the people of the Hijaz, as well as sayings of the companions, the followers and also those who came after them. The book covers rituals, rites, customs, traditions, norms and laws of the time of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. It is reported that Imam Mal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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