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Academic Age
The academic age is the time that a scientist has been in the research field and performed active research. The academic age of a scientist may be computed as the span of years from their first published work up until the present. Another definition regards the academic age as the time since their doctoral degree. When the academic age is computed in formal settings, the academic age may be adjusted taking into account maternity and paternity leave, long-term illness, clinical training and/or national service. The academic age may be used as one of the components in scientometrics studies, particularly author-level metrics. The academic age may be a strict criterion for certain grant applications. For instance, the European Research Council has several funding schemes restricted to specific academic ages: So-called Starting Grants require an academic age of 2 to 7 years, Consolidator grants require an academic age of 7 to 12 years and Advanced Grants require "a track-record ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Medical Education
Medical education is education related to the practice of being a medical practitioner, including the initial training to become a physician (i.e., medical school and internship (medical), internship) and additional training thereafter (e.g., Residency (medicine), residency, Fellowship (medicine), fellowship, and continuing medical education). Medical education and training varies considerably across the world. Various teaching methodologies have been used in medical education, which is an active area of educational research. Medical education is also the subject-didactic academic field of educating medical doctors at all levels, including entry-level, post-graduate, and continuing medical education. Specific requirements such as entrustable professional activities must be met before moving on in stages of medical education. Common techniques and evidence base Medical education applies theories of pedagogy specifically in the context of medical education. Medical education has ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scientometrics
Scientometrics is the field of study which concerns itself with measuring and analysing scholarly literature. Scientometrics is a sub-field of informetrics. Major research issues include the measurement of the impact of research papers and academic journals, the understanding of scientific citations, and the use of such measurements in policy and management contexts. Leydesdorff, L. and Milojevic, S., "ScientometricsarXiv:1208.4566(2013), forthcoming in: Lynch, M. (editor), ''International Encyclopedia of Social and Behavioral Sciences'' subsection 85030. (2015) In practice there is a significant overlap between scientometrics and other scientific fields such as information systems, information science, science of science policy, sociology of science, and metascience. Critics have argued that over-reliance on scientometrics has created a system of perverse incentives, producing a publish or perish environment that leads to low-quality research. Historical development Modern scie ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Author-level Metrics
Author-level metrics are citation metrics that measure the bibliometrics, bibliometric impact of individual authors, researchers, academics, and scholars. Many metrics have been developed that take into account varying numbers of factors (from only considering the total number of citations, to looking at their distribution across papers or Academic journal, journals using statistical or Graph theory, graph-theoretic principles). The main motivation for these quantitative comparisons between researchers is to allocate resources (e.g. funding, academic appointments). However, there remains controversy in the academic community as to how well author-level metrics achieve this goal. Author-level metrics differ from journal-level metrics which attempt to measure the bibliometric impact of academic journals rather than individuals. However, metrics originally developed for academic journals can be reported at researcher level, such as the author-level eigenfactor and the author impact f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
European Research Council
The European Research Council (ERC) is a public body for funding of scientific and technological research conducted within the European Union (EU). Established by the European Commission in 2007, the ERC is composed of an independent Scientific Council, its governing body consisting of distinguished researchers, and an Executive Agency, in charge of the implementation. It forms part of the framework programme of the union dedicated to research and innovation, Horizon 2020, preceded by the Seventh Research Framework Programme (FP7). The ERC budget is over €13 billion from 2014 – 2020 and comes from the Horizon 2020 programme, a part of the European Union's budget. Under Horizon 2020 it is estimated that around 7,000 ERC grantees will be funded and 42,000 team members supported, including 11,000 doctoral students and almost 16,000 post-doctoral researchers. Researchers from any field can compete for the grants that support pioneering projects. The ERC competitions are open ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Funding Scheme
Funding is the act of providing resources to finance a need, program, or project. While this is usually in the form of money, it can also take the form of effort or time from an organization or company. Generally, this word is used when a firm uses its internal reserves to satisfy its necessity for cash, while the term financing is used when the firm acquires capital from external sources. Sources of funding include credit, venture capital, donations, grants, savings, subsidies, and taxes. Fundings such as donations, subsidies, and grants that have no direct requirement for return of investment are described as "soft funding" or "crowdfunding". Funding that facilitates the exchange of equity ownership in a company for capital investment via an online funding portal per the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act (alternately, the "JOBS Act of 2012") (U.S.) is known as equity crowdfunding. Funds can be allocated for either short-term or long-term purposes. Economics In economics fun ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Author-level Metrics
Author-level metrics are citation metrics that measure the bibliometrics, bibliometric impact of individual authors, researchers, academics, and scholars. Many metrics have been developed that take into account varying numbers of factors (from only considering the total number of citations, to looking at their distribution across papers or Academic journal, journals using statistical or Graph theory, graph-theoretic principles). The main motivation for these quantitative comparisons between researchers is to allocate resources (e.g. funding, academic appointments). However, there remains controversy in the academic community as to how well author-level metrics achieve this goal. Author-level metrics differ from journal-level metrics which attempt to measure the bibliometric impact of academic journals rather than individuals. However, metrics originally developed for academic journals can be reported at researcher level, such as the author-level eigenfactor and the author impact f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scientometrics
Scientometrics is the field of study which concerns itself with measuring and analysing scholarly literature. Scientometrics is a sub-field of informetrics. Major research issues include the measurement of the impact of research papers and academic journals, the understanding of scientific citations, and the use of such measurements in policy and management contexts. Leydesdorff, L. and Milojevic, S., "ScientometricsarXiv:1208.4566(2013), forthcoming in: Lynch, M. (editor), ''International Encyclopedia of Social and Behavioral Sciences'' subsection 85030. (2015) In practice there is a significant overlap between scientometrics and other scientific fields such as information systems, information science, science of science policy, sociology of science, and metascience. Critics have argued that over-reliance on scientometrics has created a system of perverse incentives, producing a publish or perish environment that leads to low-quality research. Historical development Modern scie ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bibliometrics
Bibliometrics is the use of statistical methods to analyse books, articles and other publications, especially in regard with scientific contents. Bibliometric methods are frequently used in the field of library and information science. Bibliometrics is closely associated with scientometrics, that is the analysis of scientific metrics and indicators, to the point that both fields largely overlap. Bibliometrics studies first appeared in the late 19th century. They have known a significative development after the Second World War in a context of "periodical crisis" and new technical opportunities offered by computing tools. In the early 1960s, the Science Citation Index of Eugene Garfield and the citation network analysis of Derek John de Solla Price laid the fundamental basis of a structured research program on bibliometrics. Citation analysis is a commonly used bibliometric method which is based on constructing the citation graph, a network or graph representation of the cita ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Academic Terminology
An academy (Attic Greek: Ἀκαδήμεια; Koine Greek Ἀκαδημία) is an institution of secondary or tertiary higher learning (and generally also research or honorary membership). The name traces back to Plato's school of philosophy, founded approximately 385 BC at Akademia, a sanctuary of Athena, the goddess of wisdom and skill, north of Athens, Greece. Etymology The word comes from the ''Academy'' in ancient Greece, which derives from the Athenian hero, ''Akademos''. Outside the city walls of Athens, the gymnasium was made famous by Plato as a center of learning. The sacred space, dedicated to the goddess of wisdom, Athena, had formerly been an olive grove, hence the expression "the groves of Academe". In these gardens, the philosopher Plato conversed with followers. Plato developed his sessions into a method of teaching philosophy and in 387 BC, established what is known today as the Old Academy. By extension, ''academia'' has come to mean the accumulation, de ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
