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Arterivirus Infections
''Arteriviridae'' is a family of enveloped, positive-strand RNA viruses in the order ''Nidovirales'' which infect vertebrates. Host organisms include equids, pigs, Possums, nonhuman primates, and rodents. The family includes, for example, equine arteritis virus in horses which causes mild-to-severe respiratory disease and reproductive failure, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus type 1 and type 2 in pigs which causes a similar disease, simian hemorrhagic fever virus which causes a highly lethal fever, lactate dehydrogenase–elevating virus which affects mice, and wobbly possum disease virus. Structure Member viruses are enveloped, spherical, and 45–60 nm in diameter. Genome Arteriviruses have a positive-sense single-stranded RNA genome. Taxonomy The family ''Arteriviridae'' contains the subfamilies: *'' Crocarterivirinae'' *''Equarterivirinae'' *'' Heroarterivirinae'' *''Simarterivirinae'' *''Variarterivirinae ''Variarterivirinae'' is a s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Viral Envelope
A viral envelope is the outermost layer of many types of viruses. It protects the genetic material in their life cycle when traveling between host cells. Not all viruses have envelopes. Numerous human pathogenic viruses in circulation are encased in lipid bilayers, and they infect their target cells by causing the viral envelope and cell membrane to fuse. Although there are effective vaccines against some of these viruses, there is no preventative or curative medicine for the majority of them. In most cases, the known vaccines operate by inducing antibodies that prevent the pathogen from entering cells. This happens in the case of enveloped viruses when the antibodies bind to the viral envelope proteins. The membrane fusion event that triggers viral entrance is caused by the viral fusion protein. Many enveloped viruses only have one protein visible on the surface of the particle, which is required for both mediating adhesion to the cell surface and for the subsequent membrane fusi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lactate Dehydrogenase Elevating Virus
Lactate dehydrogenase elevating virus (LDV) constitutes the species ''Gamamaarterivirus lacdeh'' which is part of the family ''Arteriviridae'' and order '' Nidovirales''. The order ''Nidovirales'' also includes the family of coronaviruses. Arteriviruses infect macrophages in animals and cause a variety of diseases. LDV specifically causes lifelong persistent viremia in mice, but does not harm the host and only slightly harms the immune system. The main clinical sign is an increased level of the plasma enzyme lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). LDV has a remarkably narrow cell type specificity, meaning nothing homologous with LDV in mice has been found in another species. Discovery LDV was discovered in 1960 by Dr. Vernon Riley and his colleagues while they were working with plasma enzymes in tumor-bearing mice. They found that many types of transplantable tumors caused a five to tenfold increase in the plasma lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity within three days of the transplantation. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Variarterivirinae
''Variarterivirinae'' is a subfamily of enveloped, positive-strand RNA viruses which infect vertebrates. The subfamily is in the family ''Arteriviridae'' and order ''Nidovirales''. The subfamily contains three genera. Structure Member viruses are enveloped, spherical, and 45–60 nm in diameter. Genome Variarteriviruses have a positive-sense In molecular biology and genetics, the sense of a nucleic acid molecule, particularly of a strand of DNA or RNA, refers to the nature of the roles of the strand and its complement in specifying a sequence of amino acids. Depending on the context, ... single-stranded RNA genome. Taxonomy The subfamily ''Variarterivirinae'' contains three genera: *'' Betaarterivirus'' *'' Gammaarterivirus'' *'' Nuarterivirus'' References {{Taxonbar, from=Q107394646 Nidovirales Arteriviridae Virus subfamilies ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Simarterivirinae
''Simarterivirinae'' is a subfamily of enveloped, positive-strand RNA viruses which infect vertebrate. The subfamily is in the family ''Arteriviridae'' and order ''Nidovirales''. The subfamily contains six genera. Structure Member viruses are enveloped, spherical, and 45–60 nm in diameter. Genome Variarteriviruses have a positive-sense In molecular biology and genetics, the sense of a nucleic acid molecule, particularly of a strand of DNA or RNA, refers to the nature of the roles of the strand and its complement in specifying a sequence of amino acids. Depending on the context, ... single-stranded RNA genome. Taxonomy The subfamily ''Simarterivirinae'' contains six genera: *'' Deltaarterivirus'' *'' Epsilonarterivirus'' *'' Etaarterivirus'' *'' Iotaarterivirus'' *'' Thetaarterivirus'' *'' Zetaarterivirus'' References {{Taxonbar, from=Q107394656 Nidovirales Arteriviridae Virus subfamilies ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Equarterivirinae
Equine viral arteritis (EVA) is a disease of horses caused by a virus of the species ''Alphaarterivirus equid'', an RNA virus. It is the only species in the genus ''Alphaarterivirus'', and that is the only genus in the ''Equarterivirinae'' subfamily. The virus which causes EVA was first isolated in 1953, but the disease has afflicted equine animals worldwide for centuries. It has been more common in some breeds of horses in the United States, but there is no breed "immunity". In the UK, it is a notifiable disease. There is no known human hazard. Signs The signs shown depend on the horse's age, the strain of the infecting virus, the condition of the horse and the route by which it was infected. Most horses with EVA infection do not show any signs; if a horse does show signs, these can vary greatly in severity. Following infection, the first sign is fever, peaking at , followed by various signs such as lethargy, nasal discharge, "pink eye" ( conjunctivitis), swelling over the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sense (molecular Biology)
In molecular biology and genetics, the sense of a nucleic acid molecule, particularly of a strand of DNA or RNA, refers to the nature of the roles of the strand and its complement in specifying a sequence of amino acids. Depending on the context, sense may have slightly different meanings. For example, negative-sense strand of DNA is equivalent to the template strand, whereas the positive-sense strand is the non-template strand whose nucleotide sequence is equivalent to the sequence of the mRNA transcript. DNA sense Because of the complementary nature of base-pairing between nucleic acid polymers, a double-stranded DNA molecule will be composed of two strands with sequences that are reverse complements of each other. To help molecular biologists specifically identify each strand individually, the two strands are usually differentiated as the "sense" strand and the "antisense" strand. An individual strand of DNA is referred to as positive-sense (also positive (+) or simply sense) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wobbly Possum Disease
Wobbly Possum Disease is a fatal neurological condition of the Common brushtail possum, brushtail possum (''Trichosurus vulpecula''), first reported in 1995. Symptoms include a stumbling gait, tremors, blindness, activity during the daytime, and falling from trees. The disease is believed to be caused by a virus. References Possums Marsupial diseases {{Marsupial-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Simian Hemorrhagic Fever Virus
''Deltaarterivirus hemfev'', formerly ''Simian hemorrhagic fever virus'' or ''simian haemorrhagic fever virus'' (SHFV), is a highly pathogenic virus in monkeys. It is a positive-stranded RNA virus classified in the family ''Arteriviridae''. It is the only member of the subgenus ''Hedartevirus''. Hosts Patas are believed to be the natural host for the virus since about 50% of wild patas monkeys have antibodies for the virus, while antibodies are much less prevalent in other simian species such as vervets and baboons. In macaques, however, infection with this virus can result in acute severe disease with high mortality. Recently, red colobus monkeys and red-tailed guenons have been identified as natural hosts for SHFV. In 2022, scientists cautioned about potential future spillover of SHFV. Symptoms Asymptomatic infection of the virus can occur in patas monkeys, vervet monkeys, and baboons, although it is observed primarily in patas monkeys. Infection has a rapid onset ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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