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Armored Scale Insect
Diaspididae is the largest family of scale insects with over 2650 described species in around 400 genera. As with all scale insects, the female produces a waxy protective scale beneath which it feeds on its host plant. Diaspidid scales are far more substantial than those of most other families, incorporating the exuviae from the first two nymph (biology), nymphal instars and sometimes faeces, faecal matter and fragments of the host plant. These can be complex and extremely waterproof structures rather resembling a suit of armor. For this reason these insects are commonly referred to as armored scale insects. As it is so robust and firmly attached to the host plant, the scale often persists long after the insect has died. Some African Diaspididae are attended by ants of genus ''Melissotarsus''. The ants appear to consume the armored scales because Diaspididae are completely naked when ant-attended; the ant nest itself remains completely hidden under the bark of the tree. Selected ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aonidomytilus Crookiae
''Aonidomytilus crookiae'' is a species of scale insect in the family Diaspididae which are often referred to as "armored scale insects."Kosztarab, M. 1963. The Armored Scale Insects of Ohio (Homoptera: Coccoidea: Diaspididae). ''Bulletin of the Ohio Biological Survey'' 2 (n.s.): 120 pp. It is commonly known as "St. John's Wort Scale."Global Biodiversity Information Facility: ''Aonidomytilus crookiae'' (Ferris, 1954), https://www.gbif-uat.org/species/110091227, accessed 15 Dec 2017. Originally named ''Nelaspis crookiae'' by Gordon Floyd Ferris in 1954,Ferris, G.F. 1954. New species of Diaspididae from Florida and the Caribbean Islands (Homoptera; Coccoidea). Contribution No. 88. ''Microentomology'' 19: 41-50. the taxon was moved to the genus ''Aonidomytilus'' in 1984Muse, B.J. Williams, M.L. 1984. Effects of temperature, host plant and aridity on taxonomic characters of armored scale insects (Homoptera: Diaspididae). ''Proceedings of the 10th International Symposium of Central ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scale Insects
Scale insects are small insects of the order Hemiptera, suborder Sternorrhyncha. Of dramatically variable appearance and extreme sexual dimorphism, they comprise the infraorder Coccomorpha which is considered a more convenient grouping than the superfamily Coccoidea due to taxonomic uncertainties. Adult females typically have soft bodies and no limbs, and are concealed underneath domed scales, extruding quantities of wax for protection. Some species are hermaphroditic, with a combined ovotestis instead of separate ovaries and testes. Males, in the species where they occur, have legs and sometimes wings, and resemble small flies. Scale insects are herbivores, piercing plant tissues with their mouthparts and remaining in one place, feeding on sap. The excess fluid they imbibe is secreted as honeydew on which sooty mold tends to grow. The insects often have a mutualistic relationship with ants, which feed on the honeydew and protect them from predators. There are about 8,000 descr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Diaspididae
Diaspididae is the largest family of scale insects with over 2650 described species in around 400 genera. As with all scale insects, the female produces a waxy protective scale beneath which it feeds on its host plant. Diaspidid scales are far more substantial than those of most other families, incorporating the exuviae from the first two nymphal instars and sometimes faecal matter and fragments of the host plant. These can be complex and extremely waterproof structures rather resembling a suit of armor. For this reason these insects are commonly referred to as armored scale insects. As it is so robust and firmly attached to the host plant, the scale often persists long after the insect has died. Some African Diaspididae are attended by ants of genus ''Melissotarsus''. The ants appear to consume the armored scales because Diaspididae are completely naked when ant-attended; the ant nest itself remains completely hidden under the bark of the tree. Selected species Well-known spec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wallingford, Oxfordshire
Wallingford () is a historic market town and civil parish located between Oxford and Reading on the River Thames in England. Although belonging to the historic county of Berkshire, it is within the ceremonial county of Oxfordshire for administrative purposes (since 1974) as a result of the 1972 Local Government Act. Wallingford is north of Reading, south of Oxford and north west of Henley-on-Thames. The town's population was 11,600 in the 2011 census. The town has played an important role in English history starting with the surrender of Stigand to William the Conqueror in 1066, which led to his taking the throne and the creation of Wallingford Castle. The castle and the town enjoyed royal status and flourished for much of the Middle Ages. The Treaty of Wallingford, which ended a civil war known as The Anarchy between King Stephen and Empress Matilda, was signed there. The town then entered a period of decline after the arrival of the Black Death and falling out of favou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
USSR Academy Of Sciences
The Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union was the highest scientific institution of the Soviet Union from 1925 to 1991, uniting the country's leading scientists, subordinated directly to the Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union (until 1946 – to the Council of People's Commissars of the Soviet Union). In 1991, by the decree of the President of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, the Russian Academy of Sciences was established on the basis of the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union. History Creation of the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union The Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union was formed by a resolution of the Central Executive Committee and the Council of People's Commissars of the Soviet Union dated July 27, 1925 on the basis of the Russian Academy of Sciences (before the February Revolution – the Imperial Saint Petersburg Academy of Sciences). In the first years of Soviet Russia, the Institute of the Academy of Sciences was perceived ra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Quadraspidiotus Juglansregiae
''Quadraspidiotus juglansregiae'', commonly known as the walnut scale, is a species of armoured scale insect in the family Diaspididae. It is native to North America where it feeds on a wide range of ornamental and forest trees and bushes. Description Adult and young female ''Quadraspidiotus juglansregiae'' are nearly circular, the insect being hidden under a tough flattish scale composed of the exuviae from the first two nymphal instars. There are small marginal notches between the prothorax, mesothorax and metathorax. The upper surface of the scale is pale grey with a reddish-brown spot, and the underside is yellowish. The adult female is about long while the nymphs are smaller. Male nymphs are similar, except that the scale is oval rather than round; after the last moult, the adult male emerges as a small, winged insects similar to a fly in appearance. Male nymphs sometimes burrow under the rim of a female scale forming a daisy-shaped group. Distribution and habitat ''Quadr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lepidosaphes Ulmi
''Lepidosaphes ulmi'' also known as apple mussel scale or oystershell scale is a widely invasive scale insect that is a pest of trees and woody plants. The small insects attach themselves to bark and cause injury by sucking the tree's sap; this metabolic drain on the plant may kill a branch or the entire tree. Biology The adult female oystershell scale is up to four millimetres long, elongated, tapering to a point at the posterior end and often slightly curved, somewhat resembling a mussel shell. The upper side is a banded, brown, waxy scale and the underside is cream coloured. There are no eyes or legs and the short antennae have only a single segment. The mandibles are lengthened into a stylet adapted for sucking sap. The female lays about one hundred oval white eggs, retaining them under her body, and then dies. Her scale darkens in colour and stays in place, protecting the eggs over the winter. They can survive temperatures as low as -32 °C. They hatch in the spring a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lepidosaphes Beckii
''Lepidosaphes beckii'' also known as purple scale, mussel scale, citrus mussel scale, orange scale, comma scale and mussel purple scale is a scale insect that is a pest of ''Citrus'' trees. The small insects attach themselves to leaves, fruits and small branches and cause injury by sucking the tree's sap.Citrus mussel scale HYPPZ, accessed 22 January 2012. The specific name ''beckii'' is in honour of historian Richard Beck. Description ''Lepidosaphes beckii'' was originally described under the name ''Coccus beckii'' by English entomologist Edward Newman f ...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hemiberlesia Lataniae
''Hemiberlesia lataniae'', the latania or palm scale, is a species of armored scale insect in the family Diaspididae. It was first described by the French entomologist Victor Antoine Signoret in 1869 using ''Latania lontaroides'', a species of palm tree endemic to Réunion as its host; since then, it has been found on avocado trees growing in South Africa, Australia, Israel, the United States, and on a range of other plants in many parts of the world. Description Scale insects have a domed, waxy covering which protects the soft-bodied insect below. Armored scales retain the exuviae (shed cuticles) from the first one or two nymphal stages, and sometimes faecal matter and fragments of the host plant, incorporating these into a hard, protective cover. The adult female palm scale has no wings or legs and is somewhat variable in appearance depending on where it is living; if feeding on leaves, the scale cover is circular and convex, and its colour tends to be greyish-white, while on t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Diaspidiotus Perniciosus
The San Jose scale (''Quadraspidiotus perniciosus'') is a hemipterous insect in the family Diaspididae. It is an agricultural pest as it causes damage and crop losses to many fruit crops. In 1914, ''Q. perniciosus'' became the first documented case of insecticide resistance.Melander, A. L. 1914. "Can Insects Become Resistant to Sprays?" Journal of Economic Entomology. Volume 7, Number 2 Distribution This species originated in Siberia, north east China and the northern part of the Korean peninsula. It has spread to every continent except Antarctica and is a major pest of fruit trees. Arrival in the United States The San Jose scale derives its popular name from San Jose, California where Comstock discovered and named it in 1881. It has been considered the most pernicious scale insect in the United States. It was probably introduced at San Jose about 1870 on trees imported from China by James Lick. By 1890 it had spread over the greater part of California, but was not recogniz ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carulaspis Minima
''Carulaspis minima'' is an armoured scale insect, in the subtribe Diaspidina of the family Diaspididae, and is commonly known as the minute cypress scale. It was first described in 1869 by the French entomologist Victor Antoine Signoret. It feeds on evergreen conifers in the families Cephalotaxaceae, Cupressaceae and Taxodiaceae. Description ''Carulaspis minima'' grows to a maximum length of about . The scale covering the adult female is circular and convex, white with a yellowish-brown central portion; the female nymph is similar, but smaller. The adult male has an elongate whitish scale with the yellowish-brown remnants of the exuviae on the posterior end. The male nymph has a whitish felt-like appearance with longitudinal ridges. It is very difficult to distinguish it from the juniper scale (''Carulaspis juniperi''). Life cycle The adult female scale overwinters on the host tree and lays a batch of eggs which are retained under the scale. These hatch into "crawlers", nym ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
