|
Apple Diseases ...
This article is a list of diseases of apples (''Malus domestica''). Bacterial diseases Fungal diseases Nematodes, parasitic Viral diseases Viroid diseases Suspected viral- and viroid-like diseases Phytoplasmal diseases Miscellaneous diseases and disorders References External links Common Names of Diseases, The American Phytopathological Society {{Apples * Apple An apple is an edible fruit produced by an apple tree (''Malus domestica''). Apple fruit tree, trees are agriculture, cultivated worldwide and are the most widely grown species in the genus ''Malus''. The tree originated in Central Asia, wh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Apple
An apple is an edible fruit produced by an apple tree (''Malus domestica''). Apple fruit tree, trees are agriculture, cultivated worldwide and are the most widely grown species in the genus ''Malus''. The tree originated in Central Asia, where its wild ancestor, ''Malus sieversii'', is still found today. Apples have been grown for thousands of years in Asia and Europe and were brought to North America by European colonization of the Americas, European colonists. Apples have Religion, religious and mythology, mythological significance in many cultures, including Norse mythology, Norse, Greek mythology, Greek, and Christianity in Europe, European Christian tradition. Apples grown from seed tend to be very different from those of their parents, and the resultant fruit frequently lacks desired characteristics. Generally, apple cultivars are propagated by clonal grafting onto rootstocks. Apple trees grown without rootstocks tend to be larger and much slower to fruit after plantin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bitter Rot Of Apple
Bitter rot of apple is a fungal disease of apple fruit that is caused by several species in the ''Colletotrichum acutatum'' and ''Colletotrichum gloeosporioides'' species complexes. It is identified by sunken circular lesions with conical intrusions into the apple flesh that appear V-shaped when the apple is cut in half through the center of the lesion. It is one of the most devastating diseases of apple fruit in regions with warm wet weather. Common names The term “bitter rot” has consistently been associated with this disease in literature from the United States going back through the 1800s. During the 1950s to 1980s there was literature out of Great Britain and Ireland that used the common name of “bitter rot” for apple rots caused by '' Neofabraea'' (or the older synonym of '' Gloeosporium'') species, which are now referred to as lenticel rot or bulls eye rot. Literature from South Korea often uses the name of "apple anthracnose". Some scientists distinguish betwee ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Penicillium
''Penicillium'' () is a genus of ascomycetous fungi that is part of the mycobiome of many species and is of major importance in the natural environment, in food spoilage, and in food and drug production. Some members of the genus produce penicillin, a molecule that is used as an antibiotic, which kills or stops the growth of certain kinds of bacteria. Other species are used in cheesemaking. According to the ''Dictionary of the Fungi'' (10th edition, 2008), the widespread genus contains over 300 species. Taxonomy The genus was first described in the scientific literature by Johann Heinrich Friedrich Link in his 1809 work ''Observationes in ordines plantarum naturales''; he wrote, "''Penicillium. Thallus e floccis caespitosis septatis simplicibus aut ramosis fertilibus erectis apice penicillatis''", where ''penicillatis'' means "having tufts of fine hair". Link included three species—'' P. candidum'', '' P. expansum'', and '' P. glaucum''—all of which produ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nummularia Discreta
''Biscogniauxia marginata'' is a species of fungus in the family Xylariaceae. A plant pathogen, it was given its current name by Czech mycologist Zdeněk Pouzar Zdeněk Pouzar (born 13 April 1932) is a Czech mycologist. Along with František Kotlaba, he published several works about the taxonomy of polypore, corticioid, and gilled fungi. Pouzar is a noted expert on stromatic pyrenomycetes. Until 2012, he ... in 1979. References Fungi described in 1979 Fungal plant pathogens and diseases Xylariales Taxa named by Elias Magnus Fries {{fungus-plant-disease-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Biscogniauxia Marginata
''Biscogniauxia marginata'' is a species of fungus in the family Xylariaceae. A plant pathogen, it was given its current name by Czech mycologist Zdeněk Pouzar Zdeněk Pouzar (born 13 April 1932) is a Czech mycologist. Along with František Kotlaba, he published several works about the taxonomy of polypore, corticioid, and gilled fungi. Pouzar is a noted expert on stromatic pyrenomycetes. Until 2012, he ... in 1979. References Fungi described in 1979 Fungal plant pathogens and diseases Xylariales Taxa named by Elias Magnus Fries {{fungus-plant-disease-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sphaeropsis Malorum
''Botryosphaeria stevensii'' is a fungal plant pathogen that causes cankers on several tree species including apple and juniper as well as black dead arm on grape. It causes branch dieback, possibly effecting a large portion of the tree canopy, and if severe it can kill entire plants. Prevention efforts may include careful selection of plants, including resistant cultivars A cultivar is a type of Horticulture, cultivated plant that people have selected for desired phenotypic trait, traits and when Plant propagation, propagated retain those traits. Methods used to propagate cultivars include: division, root and st ..., planting in well-draining loose soils, exposure to light and plant spacing to reduce moisture retention. References External links Index FungorumUSDA ARS Fungal Database Fungal plant pathogens and diseases Apple tree diseases Grapevine trunk diseases stevensii Fungi described in 1964 {{fungus-fruit-disease-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Botryosphaeria Obtusa
''Botryosphaeria obtusa'' is a plant pathogen that causes frogeye leaf spot, black rot and cankers on many plant species. On the leaf it is referred to as frogeye leaf spot; this phase typically affects tree and shrubs. In fruit such as the apple, cranberry and quince, it is referred to as black rot, and in twigs and trunks it causes cankers. Symptoms Black rot ''Botryosphaeria obtusa'' enters the fruit through wounds. These can be made by insects, birds or growth cracks. At first a brown spot, near the calyx, appears on the fruit. The spot on the fruit then enlarges and black/brown rings appear on the fruit. The fruit holds its shape, however, unlike other fruit diseases. The fruit will then wither up and can remain on the tree for another year before falling off. During this time pycnidia appear on the surface of the rotted fruit. Frogeye leaf spot In leaves the fungus begins by causing purple specks on infected leaves. These then enlarge to cause large spots on the leaf, de ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Xylaria Polymorpha
''Xylaria polymorpha'', commonly known as dead man's fingers, is a saprobic fungus. It is a common inhabitant of forest and woodland areas, usually growing from the bases of rotting or injured tree stumps and decaying wood. It has also been known to colonize substrates like woody legume pods, petioles, and herbaceous stems. It is characterized by its elongated upright, clavate, or strap-like stromata poking up through the ground, much like fingers. The genus ''Xylaria'' contains about 100 species of cosmopolitan fungi. Polymorpha means "many forms". As its name suggests, it has a very variable but often club-shaped fruiting body ( stroma) resembling burned wood. Often this fungus is found with a multitude of separate "digits" but at times the individual parts will be fused together. Belonging to the phylum of fungus known as Ascomycetes (division Mycota) known as the sac fungi, they are characterized by a saclike structure, the ascus, which contains anything from four to eigh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Xylaria Mali
''Xylaria mali'' is a plant pathogen that causes black rot on apple An apple is an edible fruit produced by an apple tree (''Malus domestica''). Apple fruit tree, trees are agriculture, cultivated worldwide and are the most widely grown species in the genus ''Malus''. The tree originated in Central Asia, wh .... References Fungal tree pathogens and diseases Apple tree diseases Xylariales Fungi described in 1928 {{fungus-tree-disease-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Helminthosporium Papulosum
''Helminthosporium papulosum'' is a fungal plant pathogen Plant pathology (also phytopathology) is the scientific study of diseases in plants caused by pathogens (infectious organisms) and environmental conditions (physiological factors). Organisms that cause infectious disease include fungi, oomyc ... that causes blister canker on pear and apple. References External links Index FungorumUSDA ARS Fungal Database Fungal tree pathogens and diseases Apple tree diseases Pear tree diseases Pleosporaceae {{fungus-tree-disease-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Colletotrichum Fioriniae
''Colletotrichum fioriniae'' is a fungal plant pathogen and endophyte of fruits and foliage of many broadleaved plants worldwide. It causes diseases on agriculturally important crops, including anthracnose of strawberry, ripe rot of grapes, bitter rot of apple, anthracnose of peach, and anthracnose of blueberry. Its ecological role in the natural environment is less well understood, other than it is a common leaf endophyte of many temperate trees and shrubs and in some cases may function as an entomopathogen. Taxonomic history ''C. fioriniae'' was formally described as a variety of ''Colletotrichum acutatum'' in 2008, and as its own species shortly thereafter. However, while it had not previously been recognized as a separate species, when grown on potato dextrose agar it produces a distinct pink to maroon red color on the bottom side and was described in historical studies as "chromogenic" isolates of ''Glomerella cingulata''. It is currently recognized as a species withi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Colletotrichum Acutatum
''Colletotrichum acutatum'' is a plant pathogen and endophyte. It is the organism that causes the most destructive fungal disease, anthracnose, of lupin species worldwide. It also causes the disease postbloom fruit drop on many varieties of citrus, especially Valencia and navel oranges in Florida.N.A. Peres and M.M. Dewdney, (2016). 2016 Florida Citrus Pest Management Guide: Ch. 22 "Postbloom Fruit Drop" Publication #PP-45, University of Florida IFAS Extension. Host and symptoms ''Colletotrichum acutatum'' has a broad host range, but is most important in strawberries. ''C. acutatum'' on strawberries. The pathogen causes black spot of fruit, but can also be seen attacking the plant at its crowns, roots and leaves. After planting, stunting and yellowing as well as wilting may occur. General symptoms of the disease in other plants can also be seen on flowers, petioles, and roots. Stems are also a prominent place to see symptoms. Lesions on the stem can appear dark colored, oval s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
