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Allergan
Allergan plc is an American, Irish-domiciled pharmaceutical company that acquires, develops, manufactures and markets brand name drugs and medical devices in the areas of medical aesthetics, eye care, central nervous system, and gastroenterology. The company is the maker of Botox. Allergan plc was formed in March 2015 when Irish–registered Actavis plc acquired U.S.–registered Allergan, Inc., and assumed the Allergan name. In 2016, Allergan sold its generic business, Actavis, to Teva Pharmaceuticals for $40.5 billion. In June 2019, U.S. pharmaceutical company AbbVie announced it had reached an agreement to acquire Allergan for $63 billion. The merged company would be domiciled in the U.S. for tax purposes. History Allergan plc was created from the 2015 merger and Irish corporate tax inversion of two companies, Irish-based Actavis plc and U.S.-based Allergan, Inc. Allergan, Inc. In 1948, pharmacist Gavin S. Herbert founded Allergan Pharmaceuticals, Inc. In 1970, Aller ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Allergan Headquarters In Ireland (Clonsaugh Park, Coolock, Dublin)
Allergan plc is an American, Irish-domiciled pharmaceutical company that acquires, develops, manufactures and markets brand name drugs and medical devices in the areas of medical aesthetics, eye care, central nervous system, and gastroenterology. The company is the maker of Botox. Allergan plc was formed in March 2015 when Irish–registered Actavis plc acquired U.S.–registered Allergan, Inc., and assumed the Allergan name. In 2016, Allergan sold its generic business, Actavis, to Teva Pharmaceuticals for $40.5 billion. In June 2019, U.S. pharmaceutical company AbbVie announced it had reached an agreement to acquire Allergan for $63 billion. The merged company would be domiciled in the U.S. for tax purposes. History Allergan plc was created from the 2015 merger and Irish corporate tax inversion of two companies, Irish-based Actavis plc and U.S.-based Allergan, Inc. Allergan, Inc. In 1948, pharmacist Gavin S. Herbert founded Allergan Pharmaceuticals, Inc. In 1970, Allerg ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Allergan Headquarters
Allergan plc is an American, Irish-domiciled pharmaceutical company that acquires, develops, manufactures and markets brand name drugs and medical devices in the areas of medical aesthetics, eye care, central nervous system, and gastroenterology. The company is the maker of Botox. Allergan plc was formed in March 2015 when Irish–registered Actavis plc acquired U.S.–registered Allergan, Inc., and assumed the Allergan name. In 2016, Allergan sold its generic business, Actavis, to Teva Pharmaceuticals for $40.5 billion. In June 2019, U.S. pharmaceutical company AbbVie announced it had reached an agreement to acquire Allergan for $63 billion. The merged company would be domiciled in the U.S. for tax purposes. History Allergan plc was created from the 2015 merger and Irish corporate tax inversion of two companies, Irish-based Actavis plc and U.S.-based Allergan, Inc. Allergan, Inc. In 1948, pharmacist Gavin S. Herbert founded Allergan Pharmaceuticals, Inc. In 1970, Allerg ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Allergan, Inc
Allergan, Inc. was an American global pharmaceutical company focused on eye care, neurosciences, medical dermatology, medical aesthetics, breast enhancement, obesity intervention and urologics. Allergan, Inc. was formed in 1948, incorporated in 1950 and became a public company in 1970. It ceased operation in 2015 when it was acquired by Irish-based Actavis plc (itself a 2013 U.S. tax inversion to Ireland), who then renamed the group as Allergan plc. Early history The company traces its roots back to 1948 and pharmacist Gavin S. Herbert, who in 1950 established Allergan Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Allergan focused on the discovery and development of novel formulations for specialty markets, as well as intimate collaboration with physicians and the scientific community. 1953 saw Allergan producing eye drops and formulating new products such as the first cortisone eye drop to treat allergic inflammation and the first ophthalmic steroid decongestant. Acquisitions Allergan became a public ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Actavis
Actavis Generics (formerly known as Watson Pharmaceuticals and Actavis plc, prior to the acquisition of Irish-based Allergan, Inc., Allergan Inc) is a global pharmaceutical company focused on acquiring, developing, manufacturing and marketing branded pharmaceuticals, generic drug, generic and over-the-counter medicines, and biologic medical product, biologic products. Actavis has a commercial presence across approximately 100 countries. The company has global headquarters in Dublin, Ireland and administrative headquarters in Parsippany-Troy Hills, New Jersey, United States. Actavis PLC markets brand products through six franchises in key therapeutic categories including: Aesthetics/Dermatology/Plastic Surgery; Neurosciences/CNS; Eye Care; Women's Health and Urology; GI and Cystic Fibrosis; and Cardiovascular Disease and Infectious Disease. The company's products include Botox, Memantine, Namenda, Ciclosporin, Restasis, Linaclotide, Linzess, Nebivolol, Bystolic, Juvederm, Bimatopros ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Actavis Plc
Actavis Generics (formerly known as Watson Pharmaceuticals and Actavis plc, prior to the acquisition of Irish-based Allergan Inc) is a global pharmaceutical company focused on acquiring, developing, manufacturing and marketing branded pharmaceuticals, generic and over-the-counter medicines, and biologic products. Actavis has a commercial presence across approximately 100 countries. The company has global headquarters in Dublin, Ireland and administrative headquarters in Parsippany-Troy Hills, New Jersey, United States. Actavis PLC markets brand products through six franchises in key therapeutic categories including: Aesthetics/Dermatology/Plastic Surgery; Neurosciences/CNS; Eye Care; Women's Health and Urology; GI and Cystic Fibrosis; and Cardiovascular Disease and Infectious Disease. The company's products include Botox, Namenda, Restasis, Linzess, Bystolic, Juvederm, Latisse, Lo Loestrin Fe, Estrace, Teflaro, Dalvance, Ozurdex, Optive, Natrelle, Viibryd, Liletta, Sap ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tax Inversion
A tax inversion or corporate tax inversion is a form of tax avoidance where a corporation restructures so that the current parent is replaced by a foreign parent, and the original parent company becomes a subsidiary of the foreign parent, thus moving its tax residence to the foreign country. Executives and operational headquarters can stay in the original country. The US definition requires that the original shareholders remain a majority control of the post-inverted company. The majority of the less than 100 material tax inversions recorded since 1993 have been of US corporations (85 inversions), seeking to pay less to the US corporate tax system. The only other jurisdiction to experience a material outflow of tax inversions was the United Kingdom from 2007 to 2010 (22 inversions); however, UK inversions largely ceased post the reform of the UK corporate tax code from 2009 to 2012. The first inversion was McDermott International in 1983. Reforms by US Congress in 2004 hal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Corporation Tax In The Republic Of Ireland
Ireland's Corporate Tax System is a central component of Ireland's economy. In 2016–17, foreign firms paid 80% of Irish corporate tax, employed 25% of the Irish labour force (paid 50% of Irish salary tax), and created 57% of Irish OECD non-farm value-add. As of 2017, 25 of the top 50 Irish firms were U.S.–controlled businesses, representing 70% of the revenue of the top 50 Irish firms. By 2018, Ireland had received the most U.S. in history, and Apple was over one–fifth of Irish GDP. Academics rank Ireland as the largest tax haven; larger than the Caribbean tax haven system. Ireland's "headline" corporation tax rate is 12.5%, however, foreign multinationals pay an aggregate of 2.2–4.5% on global profits "shifted" to Ireland, via Ireland's global network of bilateral tax treaties. These lower effective tax rates are achieved by a complex set of Irish base erosion and profit shifting ("BEPS") tools which handle the largest BEPS flows in the world (e.g. the Double Ir ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Teva Pharmaceuticals
Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. (also known as Teva Pharmaceuticals) is an Israeli multinational pharmaceutical company with headquarters in Tel Aviv, Israel. It specializes primarily in generic drugs, but other business interests include active pharmaceutical ingredients and, to a lesser extent, proprietary pharmaceuticals. Teva Pharmaceuticals was the largest generic drug manufacturer, when it was surpassed briefly by US-based Pfizer. Teva regained its market leader position once Pfizer spun off its generic drug division in a merger with Mylan, forming the new company Viatris at the end of 2020. Overall, Teva is the 18th largest pharmaceutical company in the world. Teva's facilities are located in Israel, North America, Europe, Australia, and South America. Teva shares are listed on the Tel Aviv Stock Exchange. The company is a member of the Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America (PhRMA). History Salomon, Levin, and Elstein Teva's earliest predecessor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
AbbVie
AbbVie is an American publicly traded biopharmaceutical company founded in 2013. It originated as a spin-off of Abbott Laboratories. History On October 19, 2011, Abbott Laboratories announced its plan to separate into two publicly traded companies. The new Abbott Laboratories would specialize in diversified products including medical devices, diagnostic equipment and nutrition products, while AbbVie would operate as a research-based pharmaceutical manufacturer. The separation was effective January 1, 2013, and AbbVie was officially listed on the New York Stock Exchange (ABBV) on January 2, 2013. According to Miles White, CEO at the time, the purpose of the split was to allow markets to value the two businesses separately. Some investors were concerned that the split was done to protect the value of the device business from the loss of value facing the drug division due to the imminent expiration of patents on Humira, which accounted for about half of the drug division's revenue. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Botox
Botulinum toxin, or botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT), is a neurotoxic protein produced by the bacterium ''Clostridium botulinum'' and related species. It prevents the release of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine from axon endings at the neuromuscular junction, thus causing flaccid paralysis. The toxin causes the disease botulism. The toxin is also used commercially for medical and cosmetic purposes. The seven main types of botulinum toxin are named types A to G (A, B, C1, C2, D, E, F and G). New types are occasionally found. Types A and B are capable of causing disease in humans, and are also used commercially and medically. Types C–G are less common; types E and F can cause disease in humans, while the other types cause disease in other animals. Botulinum toxins are among the most potent toxins known. Intoxication can occur naturally as a result of either wound or intestinal infection or by ingesting formed toxin in food. The estimated human lethal dose of type A toxin is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Warner Chilcott
Warner Chilcott (formerly Galen) was a company in the pharmaceutical industry based in Rockaway, New Jersey. It was primarily focused on women’s healthcare and dermatology. On October 1, 2013, the company was acquired by Actavis (now Allergan). History Predecessor companies Galen In 1968, Sir Allen McClay founded Galen, a sales and marketing organization focused on branded pharmaceutical products in the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland. In 1997, the company listed its shares on the London Stock Exchange and the Irish Stock Exchange. Warner Chilcott Warner Chilcott was the generic drug business of Warner–Lambert. In 1996, it was sold to Nale Laboratories P.L.C. In 2004, the company was acquired by several private equity firms. In 2006, it became a public company via an initial public offering. Merger of Galen and Warner Chilcott In 2000, Galen acquired Warner Chilcott and listed its American depositary receipts on NASDAQ. In 2004, the company changed its name fr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Calcitonin Gene-related Peptide
Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is a member of the calcitonin family of peptides consisting of calcitonin, amylin, adrenomedullin, adrenomedullin 2 ( intermedin) and calcitonin‑receptor‑stimulating peptide. Calcitonin is mainly produced by thyroid C cells whilst CGRP is secreted and stored in the nervous system. This peptide, in humans, exists in two forms: CGRP alpha (α-CGRP or CGRP I), and CGRP beta (β-CGRP or CGRP II). α-CGRP is a 37-amino acid neuropeptide and is formed by alternative splicing of the calcitonin/CGRP gene located on chromosome 11. β-CGRP is less studied. In humans, β-CGRP differs from α-CGRP by three amino acids and is encoded in a separate, nearby gene. The CGRP family includes calcitonin (CT), adrenomedullin (AM), and amylin (AMY). Function CGRP is produced in both peripheral and central neurons. It is a potent peptide vasodilator and can function in the transmission of nociception. In the spinal cord, the function and expression of CGRP ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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