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Adipoyl Chloride
Adipoyl chloride (or adipoyl dichloride) is the organic compound with the formula (CH2CH2C(O)Cl)2. It is a colorless liquid. It reacts with water to give adipic acid. It is prepared by treatment of adipic acid with thionyl chloride. Adipoyl chloride reacts with hexamethylenediamine to form nylon 6,6 Nylon 66 (loosely written nylon 6-6, nylon 6/6, nylon 6,6, or nylon 6:6) is a type of polyamide or nylon. It, and nylon 6, are the two most common for textile and plastic industries. Nylon 66 is made of two monomers each containing 6 carbon atoms, .... See also * Adipamide * Adiponitrile References External links MSDS Safety data {{Navbox acyl chlorides Acyl chlorides Monomers ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Adipic Acid
Adipic acid or hexanedioic acid is the organic compound with the formula (CH2)4(COOH)2. From an industrial perspective, it is the most important dicarboxylic acid: about 2.5 billion kilograms of this white crystalline powder are produced annually, mainly as a precursor for the production of nylon. Adipic acid otherwise rarely occurs in nature, but it is known as manufactured E number food additive E355. Preparation and reactivity Adipic acid is produced from a mixture of cyclohexanone and cyclohexanol called KA oil, the abbreviation of ketone-alcohol oil. The KA oil is oxidized with nitric acid to give adipic acid, via a multistep pathway. Early in the reaction, the cyclohexanol is converted to the ketone, releasing nitrous acid: :HOC6H11 + HNO3 → OC(CH2)5 + HNO2 + H2O Among its many reactions, the cyclohexanone is nitrosated, setting the stage for the scission of the C-C bond: :HNO2 + HNO3 → NO+NO3− + H2O :OC6H10 + NO+ → OC6H9-2-NO + H+ Side products of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hexanedihydrazide
Adipic acid dihydrazide (ADH) is a chemical used for cross-linking water-based emulsions. It can also be used as a hardener for certain epoxy resins. ADH is a symmetrical molecule with a C4 backbone and the reactive group is C=ONHNH2. Dihydrazides are made by the reaction of an organic acid with hydrazine
Hydrazine is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula . It is a simple pnictogen hydride, and is a colourless flammable liquid with an ammonia-like odour. Hydrazine is highly toxic unless handled in solution as, for example, hydrazine ... . Other dihydrazides with different ...
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Hexanedinitrile
Adiponitrile is an organic compound with the chemical formula (CH2)4(CN)2. This viscous, colourless dinitrile is an important precursor to the polymer nylon 66. In 2005, about one million tonnes of adiponitrile were produced.M. T. Musser, "Adipic Acid" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 2005. Production Early methods Because of the industrial value of adiponitrile, many methods have been developed for its synthesis. Early industrial methods started from furfural and later by the chlorination of butadiene to give 1,4-dichloro-2-butene, which with sodium cyanide, converts to 3-hexenedinitrile, which in turn can be hydrogenated to adiponitrile: :ClCH2CH=CHCH2Cl + 2 NaCN → NCCH2CH=CHCH2CN + 2 NaCl :NCCH2CH=CHCH2CN + H2 → NC(CH2)4CN Adiponitrile has also been produced from adipic acid, by dehydration of the diamide, but this is rarely employed. Modern methods After patent application in 2004, the majority of adiponitrile is prepa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hexanediamide
Adipamide is the organic compound with the formula (CH2CH2C(O)NH2)2. It is a white solid. The dominant commercial interest in adipamides is related to their presence in nylons. Adipamide is formed by treating dimethyl adipate Dimethyl adipate is the organic compound with the formula (CH2CH2CO2CH3)2. It is a colorless oily liquid. Although the main commercial interest in adipates is related to the production of nylons, this diester is used as a plasticizer, a solvent ... with concentrated ammonia. External links MSDS at Oxford University References Carboxamides {{organic-compound-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Organic Compound
In chemistry, organic compounds are generally any chemical compounds that contain carbon-hydrogen or carbon-carbon bonds. Due to carbon's ability to catenate (form chains with other carbon atoms), millions of organic compounds are known. The study of the properties, reactions, and syntheses of organic compounds comprise the discipline known as organic chemistry. For historical reasons, a few classes of carbon-containing compounds (e.g., carbonate salts and cyanide salts), along with a few other exceptions (e.g., carbon dioxide, hydrogen cyanide), are not classified as organic compounds and are considered inorganic. Other than those just named, little consensus exists among chemists on precisely which carbon-containing compounds are excluded, making any rigorous definition of an organic compound elusive. Although organic compounds make up only a small percentage of Earth's crust, they are of central importance because all known life is based on organic compounds. Living t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Adipic Acid
Adipic acid or hexanedioic acid is the organic compound with the formula (CH2)4(COOH)2. From an industrial perspective, it is the most important dicarboxylic acid: about 2.5 billion kilograms of this white crystalline powder are produced annually, mainly as a precursor for the production of nylon. Adipic acid otherwise rarely occurs in nature, but it is known as manufactured E number food additive E355. Preparation and reactivity Adipic acid is produced from a mixture of cyclohexanone and cyclohexanol called KA oil, the abbreviation of ketone-alcohol oil. The KA oil is oxidized with nitric acid to give adipic acid, via a multistep pathway. Early in the reaction, the cyclohexanol is converted to the ketone, releasing nitrous acid: :HOC6H11 + HNO3 → OC(CH2)5 + HNO2 + H2O Among its many reactions, the cyclohexanone is nitrosated, setting the stage for the scission of the C-C bond: :HNO2 + HNO3 → NO+NO3− + H2O :OC6H10 + NO+ → OC6H9-2-NO + H+ Side products of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thionyl Chloride
Thionyl chloride is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula . It is a moderately volatile, colourless liquid with an unpleasant acrid odour. Thionyl chloride is primarily used as a chlorinating reagent, with approximately per year being produced during the early 1990s, but is occasionally also used as a solvent. It is toxic, reacts with water, and is also listed under the Chemical Weapons Convention as it may be used for the production of chemical weapons. Thionyl chloride is sometimes confused with sulfuryl chloride, , but the properties of these compounds differ significantly. Sulfuryl chloride is a source of chlorine whereas thionyl chloride is a source of chloride ions. Production The major industrial synthesis involves the reaction of sulfur trioxide and sulfur dichloride: This synthesis can be adapted to the laboratory by heating oleum to slowly distill the sulfur trioxide into a cooled flask of sulfur dichloride. :SO3 + SCl2 -> SOCl2 + SO2 Other methods includ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hexamethylenediamine
Hexamethylenediamine is the organic compound with the formula H2N(CH2)6NH2. The molecule is a diamine, consisting of a hexamethylene hydrocarbon chain terminated with amine functional groups. The colorless solid (yellowish for some commercial samples) has a strong amine odor. About 1 billion kilograms are produced annually.Robert A. Smiley "Hexamethylenediamine" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 2005. Synthesis Hexamethylenediamine was first reported by Theodor Curtius. It is produced by the hydrogenation of adiponitrile: :NC(CH2)4CN + 4 H2 → H2N(CH2)6NH2 The hydrogenation is conducted on molten adiponitrile diluted with ammonia, typical catalysts being based on cobalt and iron. The yield is good, but commercially significant side products are generated by virtue of reactivity of partially hydrogenated intermediates. These other products include 1,2-diaminocyclohexane, hexamethyleneimine, and the triamine bis(hexamethylenetriam ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nylon 6,6
Nylon 66 (loosely written nylon 6-6, nylon 6/6, nylon 6,6, or nylon 6:6) is a type of polyamide or nylon. It, and nylon 6, are the two most common for textile and plastic industries. Nylon 66 is made of two monomers each containing 6 carbon atoms, hexamethylenediamine and adipic acid, which give nylon 66 its name. Aside from its superior physical characteristics, nylon 66 is attractive because its precursors are inexpensive. Synthesis and manufacturing Hexamethylenediamine (top) and adipic acid (bottom), monomers used for polycondensation of Nylon 66. Nylon 66 is synthesized by polycondensation of hexamethylenediamine and adipic acid. Equivalent amounts of hexamethylenediamine and adipic acid are combined in water. In the original implementation, the resulting ammonium/carboxylate salt was isolated and then heated either in batches or continuously to induce polycondensation.n(HOOC - (CH2)4 - COOH) + n(H2N - (CH2)6 - NH2) -> OC - (CH2)4 - CO - NH - (CH2)6 - NH - n + (2n - ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Adipamide
Adipamide is the organic compound with the formula (CH2CH2C(O)NH2)2. It is a white solid. The dominant commercial interest in adipamides is related to their presence in nylons. Adipamide is formed by treating dimethyl adipate Dimethyl adipate is the organic compound with the formula (CH2CH2CO2CH3)2. It is a colorless oily liquid. Although the main commercial interest in adipates is related to the production of nylons, this diester is used as a plasticizer, a solvent ... with concentrated ammonia. External links MSDS at Oxford University References Carboxamides {{organic-compound-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Adiponitrile
Adiponitrile is an organic compound with the chemical formula (CH2)4(CN)2. This viscous, colourless dinitrile is an important precursor to the polymer nylon 66. In 2005, about one million tonnes of adiponitrile were produced.M. T. Musser, "Adipic Acid" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 2005. Production Early methods Because of the industrial value of adiponitrile, many methods have been developed for its synthesis. Early industrial methods started from furfural and later by the chlorination of butadiene to give 1,4-dichloro-2-butene, which with sodium cyanide, converts to 3-hexenedinitrile, which in turn can be hydrogenated to adiponitrile: :ClCH2CH=CHCH2Cl + 2 NaCN → NCCH2CH=CHCH2CN + 2 NaCl :NCCH2CH=CHCH2CN + H2 → NC(CH2)4CN Adiponitrile has also been produced from adipic acid, by dehydration of the diamide, but this is rarely employed. Modern methods After patent application in 2004, the majority of adiponitrile is prepar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Acyl Chlorides
In organic chemistry, an acyl chloride (or acid chloride) is an organic compound with the functional group . Their formula is usually written , where R is a side chain. They are reactive derivatives of carboxylic acids (). A specific example of an acyl chloride is acetyl chloride, . Acyl chlorides are the most important subset of acyl halides. Nomenclature Where the acyl chloride moiety takes priority, acyl chlorides are named by taking the name of the parent carboxylic acid, and substituting ''-yl chloride'' for ''-ic acid''. Thus: : : When other functional groups take priority, acyl chlorides are considered prefixes — ''chlorocarbonyl-'': : Properties Lacking the ability to form hydrogen bonds, acyl chlorides have lower boiling and melting points than similar carboxylic acids. For example, acetic acid boils at 118 °C, whereas acetyl chloride boils at 51 °C. Like most carbonyl compounds, infrared spectroscopy reveals a band near 1750 cm−1. The simplest s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
