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Actio Iniuriarum
The ''actio iniuriarum'' is an action for delict which "not only seeks to protect an individual's dignity and reputation but also his or her physical integrity." Harm or loss The harm or loss which gives rise to the ''actio iniuriarum'' is a violation of a personality interest, usually classified, as per the definition above, under the following three headings: * ''corpus'', or bodily integrity; * ''dignitas'', or dignity; and * ''fama'', or reputation. Conduct The delictual conduct required for a successful application of the action comes usually in the form of statements or positive conduct. Seldom is it an omission. Causation Causation is normally not an issue in respect of the ''actio iniuriarum'', but it may become one in some instances, as in deprivation-of-liberty cases. Wrongfulness Conduct will be wrongful in terms of this action if it is objectively unreasonable and without lawful justification: "Having a valid defence means that the conduct is justified and the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Delict
Delict (from Latin ''dēlictum'', past participle of ''dēlinquere'' ‘to be at fault, offend’) is a term in civil and mixed law jurisdictions whose exact meaning varies from jurisdiction to jurisdiction but is always centered on the notion of wrongful conduct. In Scots and Roman Dutch law, it always refers to a tort, which can be defined as a civil wrong consisting of an intentional or negligent breach of duty of care that inflicts loss or harm and which triggers legal liability for the wrongdoer. Other civil wrongs include breach of contract and breach of trust. Liability is imposed on the basis of moral responsibility, i.e. a duty of care or to act, and fault (''culpa'') is the main element of liability. The term is similarly used in a handful of other English speaking jurisdictions which derive their private law from French or Spanish law, such as Louisiana and the Philippines, but ''tort'' is the equivalent legal term used in common law jurisdictions and in general discu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dignity
Dignity is the right of a person to be valued and respected for their own sake, and to be treated ethically. It is of significance in morality, ethics, law and politics as an extension of the Enlightenment-era concepts of inherent, inalienable rights. The term may also be used to describe personal conduct, as in "behaving with dignity". Etymology The English word "dignity", attested from the early 13th century, comes from Latin ''dignitas'' (worthiness) by way of French ''dignité''. Modern use English-speakers often use the word "dignity" in proscriptive and cautionary ways: for example, in politics it can be used to critique the treatment of oppressed and vulnerable groups and peoples, but it has also been applied to cultures and sub-cultures, to religious beliefs and ideals, and even to animals used for food or research. "Dignity" also has descriptive meanings pertaining to the ''worth'' of human beings. In general, the term has various functions and meanings depen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Reputation
The reputation of a social entity (a person, a social group, an organization, or a place) is an opinion about that entity typically as a result of social evaluation on a set of criteria, such as behavior or performance. Reputation is a ubiquitous, spontaneous, and highly efficient mechanism of social control. It is a subject of study in social, management, and technological sciences. Its influence ranges from competitive settings, like markets, to cooperative ones, like firms, organizations, institutions and communities. Furthermore, reputation acts on different levels of agency, individual and supra-individual. At the supra-individual level, it concerns groups, communities, collectives and abstract social entities (such as firms, corporations, organizations, countries, cultures and even civilizations). It affects phenomena of different scales, from everyday life to relationships between nations. Reputation is a fundamental instrument of social order, based upon distributed, spon ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
South African Law Of Delict
The South African law of delict engages primarily with 'the circumstances in which one person can claim compensation from another for harm that has been suffered'. JC Van der Walt and Rob Midgley define a delict 'in general terms ..as a civil wrong', and more narrowly as 'wrongful and blameworthy conduct which causes harm to a person'. Importantly, however, the civil wrong must be an actionable one, resulting in liability on the part of the wrongdoer or tortfeasor. The delictual inquiry 'is in fact a loss-allocation exercise, the principles and rules of which are set out in the law of delict'. The classic remedy for a delict is compensation: a claim of damages for the harm caused. If this harm takes the form of patrimonial loss, one uses the Aquilian action; if pain and suffering associated with bodily injury, a separate action arises, similar to the Aquilian action but of Germanic origin; finally, if the harm takes the form of injury to a personality interest (an ''injuria''), t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Delict
Delict (from Latin ''dēlictum'', past participle of ''dēlinquere'' ‘to be at fault, offend’) is a term in civil and mixed law jurisdictions whose exact meaning varies from jurisdiction to jurisdiction but is always centered on the notion of wrongful conduct. In Scots and Roman Dutch law, it always refers to a tort, which can be defined as a civil wrong consisting of an intentional or negligent breach of duty of care that inflicts loss or harm and which triggers legal liability for the wrongdoer. Other civil wrongs include breach of contract and breach of trust. Liability is imposed on the basis of moral responsibility, i.e. a duty of care or to act, and fault (''culpa'') is the main element of liability. The term is similarly used in a handful of other English speaking jurisdictions which derive their private law from French or Spanish law, such as Louisiana and the Philippines, but ''tort'' is the equivalent legal term used in common law jurisdictions and in general discu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lex Aquilia
The ''lex Aquilia'' was a Roman law which provided compensation to the owners of property injured by someone's fault, set in the 3rd century BC, in the Roman Republic. This law protected Roman citizens from some forms of theft, vandalism, and destruction of property. The provisions of the Lex Aquilia The ''lex Aquilia'' (strictly, a plebiscite) was possibly enacted in 286 BC, or at some other point in the 3rd century BC. It was concerned with damage done from ''damnum iniuria datum'', "damage unlawfully inflicted", a kind of a delict (or tort), albeit with differences from tort as known in modern common law systems and the Scots Law of Delict. The most pertinent provisions were in the first and third chapters of the law. Only a limited subset of torts was included in the law as enacted. The first section stated that someone who unlawfully, or wrongfully as it later became known, killed another man's slaves or herd animal (''pecus'') should pay the owner the highest value that th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1993 In Literature
This article contains information about the literary events and publications of 1993. Events *September 24 – Former president and writer Zviad Gamsakhurdia returns to Georgia to establish a government in exile in the city of Zugdidi. *November 17 – Annie Proulx wins the National Book Award in the United States for her novel ''The Shipping News''. *''unknown dates'' **Indrani Aikath Gyaltsen's novel ''Cranes' Morning'' appears in India, but proves to be plagiarized from Elizabeth Goudge's ''The Rosemary Tree'' (1956); its author will commit suicide in 1994. **Professor Stephen Hawking's ''A Brief History of Time'' becomes the longest-running book on ''The Sunday Times'' UK bestseller list. **Reality television contest ''Million's Poet'' (شاعر المليون) is launched in the United Arab Emirates. **Todur Zanet's translation of Jean Racine's ''Bajazet (play), Bajazet'' is produced by Moldova 1, a seminal moment in the development of Gagauz-language theatre. **The Guodian C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2010 In Literature
This article contains information about the literary events and publications of 2010. Events *February – The Wheeler Centre, Australia's "literary hub", is officially opened. * April 3 – The Apple iPad electronic book-reading device is released. *April 12 – The little-known U.S. author Paul Harding wins the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction for his debut novel '' Tinkers'' (2009) published by the tiny Bellevue Literary Press. * June 24 – Neil Gaiman becomes the first author to win both the Carnegie Medal and the Newbery Medal for the same book — '' The Graveyard Book''. *July 27 – Stieg Larsson's ''Millennium Trilogy'' becomes an international sensation, with a total of 27 million copies sold worldwide as of May 2010. On July 27 Amazon says that Larsson is the first author to sell more than 1 million Kindle e-books.Stephen Lowman, "Book World", page 12, December 12, 2010, ''The Washington Post''. *August 13 – ''Time'' magazine puts Jonathan Franzen on its cover fo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Roman Law
Roman law is the law, legal system of ancient Rome, including the legal developments spanning over a thousand years of jurisprudence, from the Twelve Tables (c. 449 BC), to the ''Corpus Juris Civilis'' (AD 529) ordered by Eastern Roman emperor Justinian I. Roman law forms the basic framework for Civil law (legal system), civil law, the most widely used legal system today, and the terms are sometimes used synonymously. The historical importance of Roman law is reflected by the continued use of List of legal Latin terms, Latin legal terminology in many legal systems influenced by it, including common law. After the dissolution of the Western Roman Empire, the Roman law remained in effect in the Eastern Roman Empire. From the 7th century onward, the legal language in the East was Greek. ''Roman law'' also denoted the legal system applied in most of Western Europe until the end of the 18th century. In Germany, Roman law practice remained in place longer under the Holy Roman Empire ( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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