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Abbots Of Cluny
The Abbot of Cluny was the head of the powerful monastery of the Abbey of Cluny in medieval France France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans. Its metropolitan area .... The following is a list of occupants of the position. List of abbots References Catalogus abbatum Cluniacensium {{DEFAULTSORT:Cluny, Abbots of Cluniacs French abbots ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abbey Of Cluny
Cluny Abbey (; , formerly also ''Cluni'' or ''Clugny''; ) is a former Benedictine monastery in Cluny, Saône-et-Loire, France. It was dedicated to Saint Peter. The abbey was constructed in the Romanesque architectural style, with three churches built in succession from the 4th to the early 12th centuries. The earliest basilica was the world's largest church until the St. Peter's Basilica construction began in Rome. Cluny was founded by Duke William I of Aquitaine in 910. He nominated Berno as the first abbot of Cluny, subject only to Pope Sergius III. The abbey was notable for its stricter adherence to the Rule of St. Benedict, whereby Cluny became acknowledged as the leader of western monasticism. In 1790 during the French Revolution, the abbey was sacked and mostly destroyed, with only a small part surviving. Starting around 1334, the Abbots of Cluny maintained a townhouse in Paris known as the Hôtel de Cluny, which has been a public museum since 1843. Apart from the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jean, Cardinal Of Lorraine
Jean de Lorraine (9 April 1498 – c. 18 May 1550) was the third son of the ruling Duke of Lorraine, and a French cardinal, who was (at one time or another) archbishop of Reims (1532–1538), Lyon (1537–1539), and Narbonne (1524–1550), bishop of Metz, and Administrator of the dioceses of Toul, Verdun, Thérouanne, Luçon, Albi, Valence, Nantes and Agen (1538–1550). He was a personal friend, companion, and advisor of King Francis I of France. Jean de Lorraine was the richest prelate in the reign of Francis I, as well as the most flagrant pluralist. He is one of several cardinals known as the ''Cardinal de Lorraine''. Biography Born in Bar-le-Duc, Jean was the sixth child of twelve, of René II, Duke of Lorraine and his wife Philippa of Guelders, sister of Charles, Duke of Guelders. He was a younger brother of Antoine, Duke of Lorraine and Claude, Duke of Guise. His younger brother, François, Comte de Lambesc, died in the Battle of Pavia in 1525. In 1520 his mother retir ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dominique De La Rochefoucauld
Dominique de La Rochefoucauld ( Saint-Ilpize, Haute-Loire, 26 September 1712 – Münster, Germany, 23 September 1800) was a French bishop and cardinal.From 1778. Life Before the French Revolution He was from an impoverished branch of the La Rochefoucauld family. He became archbishop of Albi in 1747, and archbishop of Rouen in 1759. Under the Revolution The clergy of Rouen sent him as their deputy to the États généraux of 1789. As President of the chamber of clergy, he refused its union with the Third Estate. He had to submit, given a direct order from Louis XVI. In protest he submitted a list of clerical rights. He led a fierce opposition to the Constitution, and signed the protest of 12 September 1791. After 10 August 1792 he went into exile, in Germany from 1794. He joined the ''Société des amis des noirs The Society of the Friends of the Blacks (''Société des amis des Noirs'' or ''Amis des noirs'') was a French abolitionist society founded during ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Frédéric Jérôme De La Rochefoucauld
Frédéric Jérôme de La Rochefoucauld (1701–1757) was a French cardinal. 1701 births 1757 deaths 18th-century French cardinals Archbishops of Bourges People of the Ancien Régime {{France-reli-bio-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cardinal De Bouillon
Emmanuel-Théodose de La Tour d'Auvergne, cardinal de Bouillon (24 August 1643 – 2 March 1715, Rome) was a French prelate and diplomat. Biography Originally known as the Duc d'Albret, he was the son of Frédéric Maurice de La Tour d'Auvergne, Duc de Bouillon and his wife Éléonor de Bergh. He was the nephew of Maréchal de Turenne. As a member of the House of La Tour d'Auvergne, he claimed to be a Foreign Prince. In 1658, he was appointed a canon of Liège; in 1667 doctor of the Sorbonne. He played some part in Turenne's conversion to Catholicism in 1668 and had an important rôle as intermediary between his uncle and Louis XIV. Created a cardinal in 1669, at the early age of twenty-four, he was provided with several rich benefices. In particular he was made Grand Almoner of France in 1671 and became Supreme Abbot of the Cluniac Order in 1683. On 19 Oct 1689, he was appointed as Cardinal-Bishop of Albano and consecrated on 20 Nov 1689 by Flavio Chigi, Cardinal-Bishop ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Henri Bertrand De Beuvron
Henri is an Estonian, Finnish, French, German and Luxembourgish form of the masculine given name Henry. People with this given name ; French noblemen :'' See the 'List of rulers named Henry' for Kings of France named Henri.'' * Henri I de Montmorency (1534–1614), Marshal and Constable of France * Henri I, Duke of Nemours (1572–1632), the son of Jacques of Savoy and Anna d'Este * Henri II, Duke of Nemours (1625–1659), the seventh Duc de Nemours * Henri, Count of Harcourt (1601–1666), French nobleman * Henri, Dauphin of Viennois (1296–1349), bishop of Metz * Henri de Gondi (other) * Henri de La Tour d'Auvergne, Duke of Bouillon (1555–1623), member of the powerful House of La Tour d'Auvergne * Henri Emmanuel Boileau, baron de Castelnau (1857–1923), French mountain climber * Henri, Grand Duke of Luxembourg (born 1955), the head of state of Luxembourg * Henri de Massue, Earl of Galway, French Huguenot soldier and diplomat, one of the principal commanders of Ba ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rinaldo D'Este (1618-1672) (1655 – 1737), Duke of Modena, cardinal between 1686 and 1694
{{Hndis, Deste, Rinaldo ...
Rinaldo d'Este may refer to: *Rinaldo d'Este (1221-1251) (1221-1251), son of Azzo VII d'Este * Rinaldo d'Este (1618-1672) (1618 - 1672), cardinal between 1641 and 1672 *Rinaldo d'Este (1655-1737) Rinaldo d'Este may refer to: * Rinaldo d'Este (1221-1251) (1221-1251), son of Azzo VII d'Este *Rinaldo d'Este (1618-1672) Rinaldo d'Este may refer to: * Rinaldo d'Este (1221-1251) (1221-1251), son of Azzo VII d'Este * Rinaldo d'Este (1618-1672) (161 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cardinal Mazarin
Cardinal Jules Mazarin (, also , , ; 14 July 1602 – 9 March 1661), born Giulio Raimondo Mazzarino () or Mazarini, was an Italian cardinal, diplomat and politician who served as the chief minister to the Kings of France Louis XIII and Louis XIV from 1642 to his death. In 1654, he acquired the title Duke of Mayenne and in 1659 that of 1st Duke of Rethel and Nevers. After serving as a papal diplomat for Pope Urban VIII, Mazarin offered his diplomatic services to Cardinal Richelieu and moved to Paris in 1640. After the death of Richelieu in 1642, Mazarin took his place as first minister and then of Louis XIII in 1643. Mazarin acted as the head of the government for Anne of Austria, the regent for the young Louis XIV. Mazarin was also made responsible for the king's education until he came of age. The first years of Mazarin in office were marked by military victories in the Thirty Years' War, which he used to make France the main European power and establish the Peace of Westp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Armand De Bourbon, Prince Of Conti
Armand de Bourbon, Prince of Conti (11 October 162926 February 1666), was a French nobleman, the younger son of Henri II, Prince of Condé and Charlotte Marguerite de Montmorency, daughter of Henri I, Duke of Montmorency. He was the brother of '' le Grand Condé'' and Anne Geneviève, Duchess of Longueville. As a member of the reigning House of Bourbon, he was a '' Prince du Sang''. Early life The title of Prince of Conti was revived in his favor at the time of his birth in 1629. With the title, Armand also inherited the Château de L'Isle-Adam and its estate, which had been passed down to his mother Charlotte Marguerite after the death of her brother, Henri II de Montmorency. He was destined for a clerical career and studied theology at the university of Bourges, but although he received several benefices, included the abbeys of Cluny and Saint Denis, he did not take orders. He played a conspicuous part in the intrigues and fighting of the Fronde, became in 1648 command ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cardinal Richelieu
Armand Jean du Plessis, Duke of Richelieu (; 9 September 1585 – 4 December 1642), known as Cardinal Richelieu, was a French clergyman and statesman. He was also known as ''l'Éminence rouge'', or "the Red Eminence", a term derived from the title "Eminence" applied to cardinals and the red robes that they customarily wear. Consecrated a bishop in 1607, Richelieu was appointed Foreign Secretary in 1616. He continued to rise through the hierarchy of both the Catholic Church and the French government by becoming a cardinal in 1622 and chief minister to King Louis XIII of France in 1624. He retained that office until his death in 1642, when he was succeeded by Cardinal Mazarin, whose career he had fostered. He also became engaged in a bitter dispute with the king's mother, Marie de Médicis, who had once been a close ally. Richelieu sought to consolidate royal power and restrained the power of the nobility in order to transform France into a strong centralized state. In forei ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Louis III, Cardinal Of Guise
Louis de Lorraine known as the ''Cardinal de Guise'' (22 January 1575 – 21 June 1621, Saintes, Charente-Maritime, Saintes) was the third son of Henry I, Duke of Guise and Catherine of Cleves. Life His ecclesiastical post was entirely a sinecure; he was never ordained, and led a dissipated life. Nevertheless, he was made Archbishop of Reims in January 1605, and created Cardinal (Catholic), cardinal on December 2, 1615. He incurred the displeasure of Louis XIII of France, and was imprisoned in the Bastille in 1620. He joined the royal campaign to besiege the Huguenot stronghold of Montauban in 1621, and there fell ill with scarlet fever and died. He married, in secret, Charlotte des Essarts, ''Mademoiselle de La Haye'' in 1611. They had five children: # Charles Louis (d. July 12, 1668, Auteuil-Neuilly-Passy, Auteuil), Abbot of Chaalis, Bishop of Condom # Achille (c. 1615–1648, Heraklion), Prince of Guise, Count of Romorantin, killed in the siege of Candia, married Anna Maria of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Charles, Cardinal Of Lorraine
Charles de Lorraine (c. 1525 – 26 December 1574), Duke of Chevreuse, was a French Cardinal, a member of the powerful House of Guise. He was known at first as the Cardinal of Guise, and then as the second Cardinal of Lorraine, after the death of his uncle, Jean, Cardinal of Lorraine (1550). He was the protector of François Rabelais and Pierre de Ronsard and founded Reims University. He is sometimes known as the Cardinal de Lorraine. Biography Born in 1525, Joinville, Haute-Marne, Charles of Guise was the son of Claude, Duke of Guise and his wife Antoinette de Bourbon. His older brother was François, Duke of Guise. His sister Mary of Guise was wife of James V of Scotland and mother of Mary, Queen of Scots. He was made Archbishop of Reims in 1538, (the day after the coronation of king Henry II of France, at which he had officiated). Cardinal In a political move to draw the France closer to the papacy, Pope Paul III consecrated Charles as cardinal in July 1547. He became co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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