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Zvartnots Cathedral
Zvartnots Cathedral ( hy, Զուարթնոց ( classical); (reformed), sometimes rendered in scholarly works as Zuart'nots' or Zuart'noc' ; literally 'celestial angels cathedral') is a medieval Armenian cathedral near Vagharshapat (Ejmiatsin), Armenia. Built in the seventh century and now lying in ruins, Zvartnots was noted for its circular exterior structure, unique in medieval Armenian architecture, and a set of interior piers that upheld a multifloor structure crowned with a dome. History Zvartnots was built during the first Muslim Arab raids to capture and conquer the territories of Byzantine and Sasanian Armenia. Construction of the cathedral began in 643, under the guidance of Catholicos Nerses III the Builder (''Shinogh''). Dedicated to St. Gregory, the cathedral was built on a location where a meeting between King Trdat III and Gregory the Illuminator was said to have taken place. According to the medieval Armenian historian Movses Kaghankatvatsi, the cathedral wa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vagharshapat
Vagharshapat ( hy, Վաղարշապատ ) is the 4th-largest city in Armenia and the most populous municipal community of Armavir Province, located about west of the capital Yerevan, and north of the closed Turkish-Armenian border. It is commonly known as Ejmiatsin (also spelled Echmiadzin or Etchmiadzin, , ), which was its official name between 1945 and 1995. It is still commonly used colloquially and in official bureaucracy (dual naming). The city is best known as the location of Etchmiadzin Cathedral and Mother See of Holy Etchmiadzin, the center of the Armenian Apostolic Church. It is thus unofficially known in Western sources as a "holy city" and in Armenia as the country's "spiritual capital" (). It was one of the major cities and a capital of the ancient Kingdom of Greater Armenia. Reduced to a small town by the early 20th century, it experienced large expansion during the Soviet period becoming, effectively, a suburb of Yerevan. Its population stands just over 37,000 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Movses Kaghankatvatsi
Movses Kaghankatvatsi ( hy, Մովսէս Կաղանկատուացի ''Movses Kaġankatvac’i''), or Movses Daskhurantsi ( ''Movses Dasxuranc’i'') is the reputed author (or authors) of a tenth-century Classical Armenian historiographical work on Caucasian Albania and eastern provinces of Armenia, known as ''The History of the Country of Albania'' (, ). Authorship The first historian to mention Movses' work was medieval Armenian legal scholar Mkhitar Gosh, referring to him as "Movses Daskhurantsi." A later historian, Kirakos Gandzaketsi, author of the ''History of Armenia'', referred to a statement in the ''History'' itself, to attribute the name of the author as ''Movses Kaghankatvatsi''. The statement in question (Book II, ch. 11) says: Movses narrates the Khazar invasion of Transcaucasia and other events up to the seventh century in Book I and II of ''History''. Book III of his ''History'' differs from the previous ones in style of writing and date. It deals with the Ca ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mosaic
A mosaic is a pattern or image made of small regular or irregular pieces of colored stone, glass or ceramic, held in place by plaster/mortar, and covering a surface. Mosaics are often used as floor and wall decoration, and were particularly popular in the Ancient Roman world. Mosaic today includes not just murals and pavements, but also artwork, hobby crafts, and industrial and construction forms. Mosaics have a long history, starting in Mesopotamia in the 3rd millennium BC. Pebble mosaics were made in Tiryns in Mycenean Greece; mosaics with patterns and pictures became widespread in classical times, both in Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome. Early Christian basilicas from the 4th century onwards were decorated with wall and ceiling mosaics. Mosaic art flourished in the Byzantine Empire from the 6th to the 15th centuries; that tradition was adopted by the Norman Kingdom of Sicily in the 12th century, by the eastern-influenced Republic of Venice, and among the Rus. Mosaic fell ou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tetraconch
A tetraconch, from the Greek for "four shells", is a building, usually a church or other religious building, with four apses, one in each direction, usually of equal size. The basic ground plan of the building is therefore a Greek cross. They are most common in Byzantine, and related schools such as Armenian and Georgian architecture. It has been argued that they were developed in these areas or Syria, and the issue is a matter of contention between the two nations in the Caucasus. Apart from churches, the form is suitable for a mausoleum or baptistery. Normally, there will be a higher central dome over the central space. Overview The Basilica of San Lorenzo, Milan (370) is possibly the first example of a grander type, the "aisled tetraconch", with an outer ambulatory. In middle Byzantine architecture, the cross-in-square plan was developed, essentially filling out the tetraconch to form a square-ish exterior. Either of these types may also be described less precisely as "cros ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rusa II
Rusa II was king of Urartu between around 680 BC and 639 BC. It was during his reign that the massive fortress complex, Karmir-Blur, was constructed.Ian Lindsay and Adam T. Smith, ''A History of Archaeology in the Republic of Armenia'', Journal of Field Archaeology, Vol. 31, No. 2, Summer, 2006:173. Rusa II was known to Esarhaddon, king of Assyria, as Yaya or Iaya. A cuneiform inscription has been found commemorating the king building a canal to channel water to the city of Quarlini from the Ildaruni (Hrazdan River). See also * List of kings of Urartu This article lists the kings of Urartu (Ararat or Kingdom of Van), an Iron Age kingdom centered on Lake Van in eastern Asia Minor. Early kings *Arame (also Aramu, Arama) 858 BC–844 BC *Lutipri 844 BC–834 BC (?) Rise to power *Sarduri ... References Urartian kings 7th-century BC rulers {{ANE-bio-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Urartian
Urartian or Vannic is an extinct Hurro-Urartian language which was spoken by the inhabitants of the ancient kingdom of Urartu (''Biaini'' or ''Biainili'' in Urartian), which was centered on the region around Lake Van and had its capital, Tushpa, near the site of the modern town of Van in the Armenian highlands (now in the Eastern Anatolia region of Turkey). Its past prevalence is unknown. While some believe it was probably dominant around Lake Van and in the areas along the upper Zab valley, others believe it was spoken by a relatively small population who comprised a ruling class. First attested in the 9th century BCE, Urartian ceased to be written after the fall of the Urartian state in 585 BCE and presumably became extinct due to the fall of Urartu. It must have had long contact with, and been gradually totally replaced by, an early form of Armenian, although it is only in the 5th century CE that the first written examples of Armenian appear. Classification Urartian is an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vardapet
A vardapet or vartabed ( hy, վարդապետ, in Western Armenian or aɾda'pεtin Eastern Armenian) is a highly educated archimandrite in the Armenian Apostolic Church and the Armenian Catholic Church traditions who holds a Doctorate in Theology. In the English-speaking world, one of the best known of the doctor-monks of Armenia is Mekhitar of Sebaste, founder of an Armenian Catholic community of monks, the Mechitarists. Tsayraguyn vardapet or Dzayrakouyn Vartabed ( hy, ծայրագույն վարդապետ), on the other hand, is the rank of supreme doctor of Christian dogma in the Armenian Apostolic Church and the Armenian Catholic Church. It is bestowed upon a vardapet, a pastor, who has shown outstanding educational and leadership qualities. References * * * See also *Christian monasticism *Gregory the Illuminator, Apostle of Armenia *Komitas Vardapet *Mesrop Mashtots *Oriental Orthodoxy The Oriental Orthodox Churches are Eastern Christian churches adhering t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gagik I Of Armenia
Gagik I ( hy, Գագիկ Ա) was the king of Armenia who reigned between 989 and 1020, under whom Bagratid Armenia reached its height, and "enjoyed the accustomed experience of unbroken peace and prosperity." Rule left, 220px, 11th century inscription mentioning Gagik I. Aragatsotn_Province.html"_;"title="Parpi,_Aragatsotn_Province">Parpi,_Aragatsotn_Province_ It_is_unknown_when_Gagik_I_was_born._He_succeeded_his_brother_Smbat_II_of_Armenia.html" "title="Aragatsotn_Province_.html" ;"title="Aragatsotn_Province.html" ;"title="Parpi, Aragatsotn Province">Parpi, Aragatsotn Province ">Aragatsotn_Province.html" ;"title="Parpi, Aragatsotn Province">Parpi, Aragatsotn Province It is unknown when Gagik I was born. He succeeded his brother Smbat II of Armenia">Smbat II in 989. He followed the footsteps of his predecessors in building churches and religious buildings in the capital Ani. Using the favorable economic conditions of Armenia, Gagik increased the size of the army up to 100,000 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trdat The Architect
Trdat the Architect ( hy, Տրդատ ճարտարապետ, circa 940s – 1020) was the chief architect of the Bagratid kings of Armenia, and most notable for his design of the cathedral at Ani and his reconstruction of the dome of Hagia Sophia in Constantinople. Work Armenia Trdat was active in Armenia before and after his reconstruction of the Hagia Sophia. In 961, Ashot III moved his capital from Kars to the great city of Ani where he assembled new palaces and rebuilt the walls. The Catholicosate was moved to the Argina district in the suburbs of Ani where Trdat completed the building of the Catholicosal palace and the Mother Cathedral of Ani. This cathedral offers an example of a cruciform domed church within a rectangular plan. Trdat is also believed to have designed or supervised the construction of Surb Nshan (Holy Sign, completed in 991), the oldest structure at Haghpat Monastery. Byzantine Empire After a great earthquake in 989 partly collapsed the dome of Hagia S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stepanos Asoghik
Stepanos Asoghik ( hy, Ստեփանոս Ասողիկ), also known as Stepanos Taronetsi ( hy, Ստեփանոս Տարոնեցի), was an Armenian historian of the 11th century. His dates are unknown but he came from Taron and earned the nickname ''Asoghik'' ("teller of stories"). He wrote a ''Universal History'' in three books. The first two books summarise the history of the world - with particular reference to Armenia - using the Bible, Eusebius of Caesarea, Moses of Khoren Movses Khorenatsi (ca. 410–490s AD; hy, Մովսէս Խորենացի, , also written as ''Movses Xorenac‘i'' and Moses of Khoren, Moses of Chorene, and Moses Chorenensis in Latin sources) was a prominent Armenian historian from the late an ... and others as sources. The third book deals with the history of the century leading up to Asoghik's own time in a rather disconnected fashion. Translations *Степанос Таронеци-Асохик (Asoghik, Stepanos T., 10th - 11th c.). Всеобща ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Richard Krautheimer
Richard Krautheimer (6 July 1897 in Fürth (Franconia), Germany – 1 November 1994 in Rome, Italy) was a 20th-century art historian, architectural historian, Baroque scholar, and Byzantinist. Biography Krautheimer was born in Germany in 1897, the son of Nathan Krautheimer (1854–1910) and Martha Landmann (Krautheimer) (1875–1967). Krautheimer's cousin, Ernst Kitzinger, would also become a prominent Byzantinist. Krautheimer fought in the First World War as an enlisted soldier in the German army (1916–18). Between 1919 and 1923, he initially studied law at, successively, universities in Munich, Berlin, and Marburg under faculty who included Heinrich Wölfflin, Adolf Goldschmidt and Werner Weisbach. During these years, he briefly worked on the state inventory of Churches for Erfurt (''Inventarisierung der Erfurter Kirchen für die Preussische Denkmalpflege''). In 1924 he married Trude Hess (1902 - 1987), who subsequently also studied art history and became a noted scholar an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
