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Zoudenbalch
{{Short description, Prominent Dutch historical familyThe Zoudenbalch family (also known as Soudenbalch) was one of the most prominent families of Utrecht throughout the Middle Ages to the age of the Dutch Revolt. They occupied all posts of importance in the city government, possessed various lordships in the vicinity and played a leading role in the history of the Sticht (Prince-Bishopric of Utrecht). The Zoudenbalchs were also Lords of the island of Urk in the Zuiderzee (now IJsselmeer) for over a century (1476–1614), and as such played a key role in the life of that community during troubled times in the 16th century. Introduction The Zoudenbalch (or Soudenbalch) family dominated the medieval history of Utrecht by the longevity of their influence in the temporal and spiritual life of the city. The evidence of their past glory is still evident in modern Utrecht. The ancient ancestral castle of the Zoudenbalchs still dominates the Oudegracht running through the city centre and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Siege Of Utrecht (1483)
The siege of Utrecht took place between June 23 and August 31, 1483 as part of the Hook and Cod wars and the Second Utrecht Civil War. Prelude The Burgundians had tried to control the Bishopric of Utrecht since 1456, when David of Burgundy had become the new Prince-Bishop. Supported by the Cods and opposed by the Hooks, this conflict was linked to the century-old Hook and Cod wars. When Charles the Bold unexpectedly died in 1477, opposition to David of Burgundy flared up again, culminating in the Second Utrecht Civil War (1481–1483).David of Burgundy had to flee Utrecht and seek support from the new ruler of Burgundy, Maximilian of Austria. Only back in control of the city of Utrecht since April 21, 1483, Prince-Bishop David of Burgundy was surprised in his old episcopal palace by a daring and stealthy night raid of the Hooks on May 8. The Prince-Bishop was captured and then imprisoned in Amersfoort. When Maximilian of Austria heard this news, he formed a large army under ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Utrecht (city)
Utrecht ( , , ) is the fourth-largest city and a municipality of the Netherlands, capital and most populous city of the province of Utrecht. It is located in the eastern corner of the Randstad conurbation, in the very centre of mainland Netherlands, about 35 km south east of the capital Amsterdam and 45 km north east of Rotterdam. It has a population of 361,966 as of 1 December 2021. Utrecht's ancient city centre features many buildings and structures, several dating as far back as the High Middle Ages. It has been the religious centre of the Netherlands since the 8th century. It was the most important city in the Netherlands until the Dutch Golden Age, when it was surpassed by Amsterdam as the country's cultural centre and most populous city. Utrecht is home to Utrecht University, the largest university in the Netherlands, as well as several other institutions of higher education. Due to its central position within the country, it is an important hub for both rail and road ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jan III Van Montfoort
Jan III van Montfoort (or Johan van Montfoort), (c. 1448 – 28 March 1522) was Viscount of Montfoort, Free and high fief of Zuid-Polsbroek, Lord of Zuid-Polsbroek, Lordship of Purmerend, Purmerland and Ilpendam, Lord of Purmerend-Purmerland, and a leader of the Hook and Cod wars, Hook Party in the Bishopric of Utrecht. He was the son of Henry IV van Montfoort and Margretha van Croy. Jan van Montfoort opposed the Burgundian rule of the Utrecht in the person of Bishop David of Burgundy. This led to the First Utrecht Civil War between 1470–1474 and the Second Utrecht Civil War between 1481–1483. After the Siege of Utrecht (1483) peace was concluded but Jan van Montfoort lost his Fiefs of Purmerend-Purmerland and Zuid-Polsbroek, which were confiscated and given to nobles close to Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor, Maximilian of Austria. Van Montfoort supported Frans van Brederode during his failed rebellion between 1488–1490. Van Montfoort died in 1522 and was buried in the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Protestant Reformation
The Reformation (alternatively named the Protestant Reformation or the European Reformation) was a major movement within Western Christianity in 16th-century Europe that posed a religious and political challenge to the Catholic Church and in particular to papal authority, arising from what were perceived to be errors, abuses, and discrepancies by the Catholic Church. The Reformation was the start of Protestantism and the split of the Western Church into Protestantism and what is now the Roman Catholic Church. It is also considered to be one of the events that signified the end of the Middle Ages and the beginning of the early modern period in Europe.Davies ''Europe'' pp. 291–293 Prior to Martin Luther, there were many earlier reform movements. Although the Reformation is usually considered to have started with the publication of the '' Ninety-five Theses'' by Martin Luther in 1517, he was not excommunicated by Pope Leo X until January 1521. The Diet of Worms of May 1521 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Duke Of Gueldres
This article is about the rulers of the historical county and duchy of Guelders. Counts House of Wassenberg * before 1096–about 1129: Gerard I * about 1129–about 1131: Gerard II, son of Gerard I * about 1131–1182: Henry I, son of Gerard II * 1182–1207: Otto I, son of Henry I * 1207–1229: Gerard III, son of Otto I * 1229–1271: Otto II, son of Gerard III * 1271–1318: Reginald I, son of Otto II * 1318–1343: Reginald II, son of Reginald I Dukes House of Wassenberg During Reinoud II's reign, the county of Guelders was elevated to a duchy with the Wessenberg-Maccan. * 1318–1343: Reginald II ** 1343–1344: Eleanor, wife of Reginald II, regent of Reginald III * 1343–1361: Reginald III, son of Reginald II and Eleanor * 1361–1371: Edward, son of Reginald II * 1371: Reginald III, second time After the death of Reginald III without issue, two of his half-sisters disputed the succession of the Duchy of Guelders: *1371–1379 Matilde (d. 1384) and her hu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vredenburg (castle)
Vredenburg Castle (Dutch: ''(Kasteel) Vredenburg'' or ''Vredeborch'') was a 16th-century castle built by Habsburg emperor Charles V in the city of Utrecht in the Netherlands. Some remains of the castle, which stood for only 50 years, are still visible on what is now Vredenburg square in Utrecht. History In 1528, the Holy Roman Empire annexed the Bishopric of Utrecht, and Emperor Charles V immediately ordered the construction of a castle in Utrecht, not only to protect the domain from invasion by the duke of Guelders, but also to retain control over the city's unruly population. Construction began in 1529 and was completed in 1532. On 8 November 1576, the States General of the Seventeen Provinces ratified an agreement, known as the Pacification of Ghent, to remove Spanish occupying soldiers. In response the castle's Spanish garrison prepared to be besieged by the Dutch rebels, turning the castle's cannons towards the city itself. By December, the siege was underway and fighting ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Joost De Lalaing
Joost de Lalaing (c. 1437 – 5 August 1483 near Utrecht), lord of Montigny and of Santes, was a noble from Hainaut who filled several important posts in service of the Burgundian Dukes. Life Joost de Lalaing was the eldest son of Simon de Lalaing. In 1468 Charles the Bold appointed him souvereign- bailiff for the County of Flanders. In 1463 he became Admiral of Flanders. In 1476 he was a member of the Duchal Council of Charles the Bold. From 1477 on he was chamberlain at the court of Charles' daughter, Mary of Burgundy. In 1478 he was made a Knight of the Order of the Golden Fleece. When Wolfert VI of Borselen could no longer control the situation in the Holland and Zeeland, Joost was appointed stadtholder of these regions. He remained stadtholder until his death in 1483. Joost de Lalaing died at the siege of Utrecht, during the Hook and Cod wars The Hook and Cod wars ( nl, Hoekse en Kabeljauwse twisten) comprise a series of wars and battles in the County of Holl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Treaty Of Arras (1482)
The Treaty of Arras was signed at Arras on 23 December 1482 by King Louis XI of France and Archduke Maximilian I of Habsburg as heir of the Burgundian Netherlands in the course of the Burgundian succession crisis. The dukes from the House of Valois-Burgundy, a cadet branch of the French royal House of Valois, had ruled over a significant amount of territories on both sides of the border between the Kingdom of France and the Holy Roman Empire. When the last Burgundian duke Charles the Bold died at the Battle of Nancy on 5 January 1477, his territories in France including Burgundy proper, Flanders, Artois and the Picardy were seized as reverted fiefs by the French king. Before his death however, Charles had arranged with Emperor Frederick III of Habsburg the marriage of their children Mary the Rich and Archduke Maximilian, which took place on 19 August 1477. Maximilian did not hesitate to defend the heritage of his wife, culminating in the 1479 Battle of Guinegate, where he de ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sixtus IV
Pope Sixtus IV ( it, Sisto IV: 21 July 1414 – 12 August 1484), born Francesco della Rovere, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 9 August 1471 to his death in August 1484. His accomplishments as pope included the construction of the Sistine Chapel and the creation of the Vatican Library. A patron of the arts, he brought together the group of artists who ushered the Early Renaissance into Rome with the first masterpieces of the city's new artistic age. Sixtus founded the Spanish Inquisition through the bull ''Exigit sincerae devotionis affectus'' (1478), and he annulled the decrees of the Council of Constance. He was noted for his nepotism and was personally involved in the infamous Pazzi conspiracy. Early life Francesco was born to a family of modest means from Liguria, Italy, the son of Leonardo della Rovere and Luchina Monleoni. He was born in Celle Ligure, a town near Savona. As a young man, Della Rovere joined the Franciscan Order, a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Engelbert, Count Of Nevers
Engelbert of Cleves, Count of Nevers (26 September 1462 – 21 November 1506) was the younger son of John I, Duke of Cleves and Elizabeth of Nevers, only surviving child of John II, Count of Nevers. In 1481, he was sent with a large army to the Bishopric of Utrecht by his brother John II, Duke of Cleves where they successfully ousted David of Burgundy. But after the Siege of Utrecht (1483) he had to flee, and Utrecht returned to the control of Burgundy. He married Charlotte of Bourbon-Vendôme, daughter of John VIII, Count of Vendôme, circa 1489. They had three children : * Charles II, Count of Nevers, married Marie of Albret, Countess of Rethel. * Louis of Cleves (1494-1545), Count of Auxerre (1543-1545), married (1542) to Catherine d'Amboise, daughter of Charles I d'Amboise, widow of Christophe de Tournon and Philibert de Beaujeu; * François of Cleves († 1545), Abbot of Tréport, Prior of Saint-Éloi in Paris Engelbert became Count of Nevers and Eu in 1491 upon the dea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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