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Zhuàngyuán
''Zhuangyuan'', or ''trạng nguyên'' in Vietnamese, variously translated into English as principal graduate, primus, or optimus, was the title given to the scholar who achieved the highest score on highest level of the Imperial examination, (in the Tang dynasty) and (in the Song dynasty) in ancient China and Vietnam. In China, Fu Shanxiang is known as the first (and last) female zhuangyuan ''(nü zhuangyuan'') in Chinese history, but under the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, not the regular imperial exams. After the Taipings captured the city of Nanjing, they offered an exam for women in January 1853 in which Fu attained the highest score. In Vietnam, the first trạng nguyên in history was Lê Văn Thịnh, who lived in the Lý dynasty era and was the one who persuaded the Song to give back 6 districts of Quảng Nguyên (today Hà Giang province) to Vietnam. The first female trạng nguyên ''(nữ trạng nguyên'') is Nguyễn Thị Duệ who later become a consort of the M ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Imperial Examination
The imperial examination (; lit. "subject recommendation") refers to a civil-service examination system in Imperial China, administered for the purpose of selecting candidates for the state bureaucracy. The concept of choosing bureaucrats by merit rather than by birth started early in Chinese history, but using written examinations as a tool of selection started in earnest during the Sui dynasty (581–618) then into the Tang dynasty of 618–907. The system became dominant during the Song dynasty (960–1279) and lasted for almost a millennium until its abolition in the late Qing dynasty reforms in 1905. Aspects of the imperial examination still exist for entry into the civil service of contemporary China, in both the People's Republic of China (PRC) and the Republic of China (ROC). The exams served to ensure a common knowledge of writing, Chinese classics, and literary style among state officials. This common culture helped to unify the empire, and the ideal of achievement ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mo Xuanqing
Mo Xuanqing (, August 17, 834) born in Zhaoqing, modern Guangdong, was the youngest Zhuangyuan in the imperial examinations during the Tang Dynasty, in Chinese history. He was known as a talented person from the age of 12. In 851, at the age of 17, he was also the first youngest Zhuangyuan in the imperial examination in Chinese history since the Sui Dynasty and the first Zhuangyuan in Lingnan. Poetry Mo Xuanqing composed more than 200 pieces: poems and songs, however, most of his poems were lost and there are not more than 20 pieces remaining published in China's literary history such as the ''Quan Tang Shi'' and the ''Cantonese Poetry Collection'' (). External links QQ.com十七歲被欽點狀元中國史上最年輕狀元莫宣卿肇慶曆史勝跡――唐狀元莫宣卿墓 *[https://translate.google.com/translate?hl=zh-TW&sl=zh-CN&u=http://shuku.mofcom.gov.cn/book/htmfile/13/B60013.htm&sa=X&oi=translate&resnum=1&ct=result&prev=/search%3Fq%3D%25E8%258E%25AB%25E5%25AE%25A3%25E5% ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Liu Chunlin
/ ( or ) is an East Asian surname. pinyin: in Mandarin Chinese, in Cantonese. It is the family name of the Han dynasty emperors. The character originally meant 'kill', but is now used only as a surname. It is listed 252nd in the classic text Hundred Family Surnames. Today, it is the 4th most common surname in Mainland China as well as one of the most common surnames in the world. Distribution In 2019 劉 was the fourth most common surname in Mainland China. Additionally, it was the most common surname in Jiangxi province. In 2013 it was found to be the 5th most common surname, shared by 67,700,000 people or 5.1% of the population, with the province with the most people being Shandong.中国四百大姓, 袁义达, 邱家儒, Beijing Book Co. Inc., 1 January 2013 Origin One source is that they descend from the Qí (祁) clan of Emperor Yao. For example the founding emperor of the Han dynasty (one of China's golden ages), Liu Bang (Emperor Gaozu of Han) was a descendant of E ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zhang Sanjia
{{disambiguation, geo ...
Zhang may refer to: Chinese culture, etc. * Zhang (surname) (張/张), common Chinese surname ** Zhang (surname 章), a rarer Chinese surname * Zhang County (漳县), of Dingxi, Gansu * Zhang River (漳河), a river flowing mainly in Henan * ''Zhang'' (unit) (丈), a traditional Chinese unit of length equal to 10 ''chi'' (3–3.7 m) * Zhang Zetian, Chinese billionaire * 璋, a type of shaped stone or jade object in ancient Chinese culture thought to hold great value and protective properties; see also Bi (jade) and Cong (jade) Other * Zhang, the proper name of the star Upsilon¹ Hydrae See also * Zang (other) Zang may refer to: * Official abbreviation for Tibet Autonomous Region (藏) * Tibetan people * Zang (bell) Perisan musical instrument * Zang (surname) (臧), a Chinese surname * Zang, Iran, a village in Kerman Province, Iran * Persian form of Zanj ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lin Hongnian
Lin Hongnian (, 1805–1885) was a politician, writer and calligrapher of the Qing dynasty. Lin was born in Houguan county, Fuzhou. In 1836, he achieved the highest score in the Imperial examination and was appointed as the senior compiler in the Hanlin Academy (翰林院修撰). He was the first ''zhuangyuan'' from Fujian during the Qing dynasty. Two years later, the Chinese Qing court sent him as the chief envoy to Ryukyu Kingdom for the investiture of Shō Iku, while Gao Renjian (高人鑑) was the deputy envoy. The mission had stayed in Ryukyu for 160 days, and Lin wrote down an official account of the Ryukyu islands entitled ''Shi Liuqiu-lu'' (使琉球錄), however this book was lost. He also compiled a document titled ''Nautical Route from Fujian to Ryukyus'' (福建往琉球針路) together with Gao Renjian. Later, Lin had served as the magistrate of Qiongzhou (瓊州知府, 1846–1849), Governor of Lei Qiong Circuit (雷瓊道道員, 1849–1859), magistrate of Lin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Qing Dynasty
The Qing dynasty ( ), officially the Great Qing,, was a Manchu-led imperial dynasty of China and the last orthodox dynasty in Chinese history. It emerged from the Later Jin dynasty founded by the Jianzhou Jurchens, a Tungusic-speaking ethnic group who unified other Jurchen tribes to form a new "Manchu" ethnic identity. The dynasty was officially proclaimed in 1636 in Manchuria (modern-day Northeast China and Outer Manchuria). It seized control of Beijing in 1644, then later expanded its rule over the whole of China proper and Taiwan, and finally expanded into Inner Asia. The dynasty lasted until 1912 when it was overthrown in the Xinhai Revolution. In orthodox Chinese historiography, the Qing dynasty was preceded by the Ming dynasty and succeeded by the Republic of China. The multiethnic Qing dynasty lasted for almost three centuries and assembled the territorial base for modern China. It was the largest imperial dynasty in the history of China and in 1790 the f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yuan Dynasty
The Yuan dynasty (), officially the Great Yuan (; xng, , , literally "Great Yuan State"), was a Mongol-led imperial dynasty of China and a successor state to the Mongol Empire after its division. It was established by Kublai, the fifth khagan-emperor of the Mongol Empire from the Borjigin clan, and lasted from 1271 to 1368. In orthodox Chinese historiography, the Yuan dynasty followed the Song dynasty and preceded the Ming dynasty. Although Genghis Khan had been enthroned with the Han-style title of Emperor in 1206 and the Mongol Empire had ruled territories including modern-day northern China for decades, it was not until 1271 that Kublai Khan officially proclaimed the dynasty in the traditional Han style, and the conquest was not complete until 1279 when the Southern Song dynasty was defeated in the Battle of Yamen. His realm was, by this point, isolated from the other Mongol-led khanates and controlled most of modern-day China and its surrounding areas, including ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wen Tianxiang
Wen Tianxiang (; June 6, 1236 – January 9, 1283), noble title Duke of Xin (), was a Chinese poet and politician in the last years of the Southern Song dynasty. For his resistance to Kublai Khan's invasion of the Southern Song dynasty, and for his refusal to yield to the Yuan dynasty despite being captured and tortured, he is a popular symbol of patriotism, righteousness, and resistance against tyranny in China. He is known as one of the 'Three Loyal Princes of the Song' (), alongside Lu Xiufu and Zhang Shijie. Wen Tianxiang is depicted in the Wu Shuang Pu (無雙譜, Table of Peerless Heroes) by Jin Guliang. His continuing symbolic importance was evident in an event that took place in Wen Tianxiang's historical shrine in Haifeng (Haifeng County) in 1908, where Chen Jiongming persuaded over thirty young men from the village to swear secret support for a national revolution.Leslie H. Dingyan Chen (1999). ''Chen Jiongming and the Federalist Movement: Regional Leadership and Nation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tang Gao
Tang Gao (唐皋，1469–1526) was born in Yansi town (巖寺鎮), She county (歙縣), Huizhou (徽州府), South Zhili (南直隸), in Ming China. Tang Gao became the Zhuangyuan, or Number One Scholar (狀元) in the ninth year (1514) of the Zhengde Emperor's (正德皇帝) reign during the Ming dynasty. He styled himself as Shouzhi (守之), Xin’an (心庵), and Ziyang hermit (紫陽山人). Due to his premature death, the loss of his biography and epitaph, and the fact that much of his early life was not documented, scholars have been unable put together a detailed summary of his life.Tang Chen:"The Lost Poems and Articles Collection of Number One Scholar Tang Gao in Ming Dynasty", Master's Dissertation of Shanghai University, PRC, 2013. Life Tang Gao was born into an educated and aristocratic family within a well-established Cheng-Zhu Neo-Confucianist (程朱理學) academic tradition. Little is known about his early life, but at some point his family lost much of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Taizong Of Tang
Emperor Taizong of Tang (28January 59810July 649), previously Prince of Qin, personal name Li Shimin, was the second emperor of the Tang dynasty of China, ruling from 626 to 649. He is traditionally regarded as a co-founder of the dynasty for his role in encouraging Li Yuan, his father, to rebel against the Sui dynasty at Jinyang in 617. Taizong subsequently played a pivotal role in defeating several of the dynasty's most dangerous opponents and solidifying its rule over China. Taizong is considered to be one of the greatest emperors in China's history and henceforth, his reign became regarded as the exemplary model against which all future emperors were measured. His era, the "Reign of Zhenguan ()" is considered a golden age in ancient Chinese history and was treated as required studying material for future crown princes. Taizong continued to develop imperial examination systems. He asked his officers to become loyal to the policies not people, in order to eliminate corru ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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