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Zaragoza Offensive
The Zaragoza Offensive took place during the Spanish Civil War in 1937. This battle involved the Spanish Republican Army. The main goal of the offensive was to occupy the city of Zaragoza. The main action of the offensive was the battle of Belchite. Background In August 1937, the commander in chief of the Republican Army, Vicente Rojo, decided to launch an offensive in the Aragon front in order to take the regional capital, Saragossa. The main goal of the offensive was to stop the Nationalist offensive against Santander. Furthermore, Saragossa was the communications centre of the whole Aragon front. Opposing forces In the Aragon front the Republican Army had deployed the Army of the East, led by the general Pozas and his chief of staff Antonio Cordon. This army had six divisions ( Lister's 11th Division, 26th Division, 27th Division, Walter's 35th Division, 43rd Division; and Kleber's 45th Division). Furthermore, the Republicans had 200 aircraft and many T-26 and BT-5 t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spanish Civil War
The Spanish Civil War ( es, Guerra Civil Española)) or The Revolution ( es, La Revolución, link=no) among Nationalists, the Fourth Carlist War ( es, Cuarta Guerra Carlista, link=no) among Carlists, and The Rebellion ( es, La Rebelión, link=no) or The Uprising ( es, La Sublevación, link=no) among Republicans. was a civil war in Spain fought from 1936 to 1939 between the Republicans and the Nationalists. Republicans were loyal to the left-leaning Popular Front government of the Second Spanish Republic, and consisted of various socialist, communist, separatist, anarchist, and republican parties, some of which had opposed the government in the pre-war period. The opposing Nationalists were an alliance of Falangists, monarchists, conservatives, and traditionalists led by a military junta among whom General Francisco Franco quickly achieved a preponderant role. Due to the international political climate at the time, the war had many facets and was variously viewed as cla ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eastern Army (Spain)
The Eastern Army (Spanish language, Spanish: ''Ejército del Este''), also translated as the Army of the East, was a unit of the Spanish Republican Army that operated in the eastern part of Spain during the Spanish Civil War. Republican forces deployed on the Aragon front of the war initially came under the command structure of the unit. Later in the Civil War, the unit operated in Catalonia, defending the Republican defensive line along the Segre (river), Segre river. History After the breakout of the 1936 civil war in Spain, the Generalitat de Catalunya, Catalan government looked to create its own army, independent of the organic structures of the Republican army which operated in the rest of the Republican territory. On 6 December 1936, the Catalan Ministry of Defence declared the creation of the People's Army of Catalonia. However, this army existed far more on paper than it did in reality, as the anarchist militias continued to have a great degree of autonomy, and in many c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ebro
, name_etymology = , image = Zaragoza shel.JPG , image_size = , image_caption = The Ebro River in Zaragoza , map = SpainEbroBasin.png , map_size = , map_caption = The Ebro river basin , pushpin_map = , pushpin_map_size = , pushpin_map_caption= , subdivision_type1 = Country , subdivision_name1 = Spain , subdivision_type2 = Region , subdivision_name2 = Cantabria, Castile and León, Basque Country (autonomous community), La Rioja, Navarre, Aragon, Catalonia, Valencian Community , subdivision_type3 = , subdivision_name3 = , length = , width_min = , width_avg = , width_max = , depth_min = , depth_avg = , depth_max = , discharge1_location= mouth , discharge1_min = , discharge1_avg = , discharge1_max = , source1 = , source1_location = Fontibre, Cantabria, Spain , source1_ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zuera
Zuera is a municipality located in the province of Zaragoza, Aragon, Spain. According to the 2010 census,Instituto Nacional de Estadística (Spain) the municipality has a population of 7,510 inhabitants. The name is proposed coming from the Baske: 'Zubi', meaning: 'Bridge', or the Arab: 'Zahra', meaning: 'Bright', referred to Venus, also known as Ishtar, present in old names as: 'Ahura Mazda'='the Light Great, Magna'. The Pinewoods in Zuera are a popular place for sex encounters, also linked to: 'Venus'. Zuera's geographical location in the Zaragoza Comarca and its proximity to the city of Zaragoza have shaped the historical development of the town from its beginnings until today. Urban settlements in the municipality of Zuera are located right on the banks of the Gállego River. They follow a longitudinal axis along which (continuing the transportation and communication schemes established by the ancient Romans) the N-123 national highway, the Madrid-Barcelona and Zaragoza-Fran ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
He-51
The Heinkel He 51 was a German single-seat biplane which was produced in a number of different versions. It was initially developed as a fighter; a seaplane variant and a ground-attack version were also developed. It was a development of the earlier He 49. Design and development In 1931, Heinkel recruited the talented aircraft designers Walter and Siegfried Günter. Their first major design for Heinkel was the Heinkel He 49.Green and Swanborough 1994, p. 295. While this was officially an advanced trainer,Mondey 1996, p. 80. in fact it was a fighter. The first prototype, the He 49a, flew in November 1932, and was followed by two further prototypes, the He 49b, with a longer fuselage, and the He 49c, with a revised engine. The type was ordered into production for the still secret ''Luftwaffe'' as the He 51, the first pre-production aircraft flying in May 1933. Deliveries started in July of the next year. The He 51 was a conventional single-bay biplane, with all-metal const ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
He-46
The Heinkel He 46 was a German World War II-era monoplane designed in 1931 for the close reconnaissance and army co-operation roles. While it served with the ''Luftwaffe''s front-line units only briefly at the start of World War II, the He 46 served as late as 1943 as a nighttime nuisance bomber and with the Hungarian Air Force. Background During the early 1930s, the German military was beginning to build up in strength. The RLM (German Air Ministry) wanted aircraft that could be rapidly built and would be able to swell the ''Luftwaffe''s inventory with large numbers of aircraft for training. Ernst Heinkel designed many of these early aircraft. The He 46, for instance was, created to fill the short-range reconnaissance and army co-operation role for the ''Luftwaffe''. Development As designed in 1931, the He 46 was a two-seat sesquiplane of mixed construction. The upper wing was swept back 10°. This is a common trick when a change in an aircraft's design moves the center of grav ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
BT-5
The BT tanks (russian: Быстроходный танк/БТ, translit=Bystrokhodnyy tank, lit. "fast moving tank" or "high-speed tank") were a series of Soviet light tanks produced in large numbers between 1932 and 1941. They were lightly armoured, but reasonably well-armed for their time, and had the best mobility of all contemporary tanks. The BT tanks were known by the nickname ''Betka'' from the acronym, or its diminutive ''Betushka''. The successor of the BT tanks was the famous T-34 medium tank, introduced in 1940, which would replace all of the Soviet fast tanks, infantry tanks, and medium tanks in service. Design The BT tanks were "convertible tanks". This was a feature that was designed by J. Walter Christie to reduce wear of the unreliable tank tracks of the 1930s. In about thirty minutes, the crew could remove the tracks and engage a chain drive to the rearmost road wheel on each side, allowing the tank to travel at very high speeds on roads. In wheeled mode, the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
T-26
The T-26 tank was a Soviet light tank used during many conflicts of the Interwar period and in World War II. It was a development of the British Vickers 6-Ton tank and was one of the most successful tank designs of the 1930s until its light armour became vulnerable to newer anti-tank guns.Franco, ''El Tanque de la Guerra Civil Española'', p. 74. It was produced in greater numbers than any other tank of the period, with more than 11,000 units manufactured. During the 1930s, the USSR developed 53 variants of the T-26, including flame-throwing tanks, combat engineer vehicles, remotely controlled tanks, self-propelled guns, artillery tractors, and armoured carriers. Twenty-three of these were series-produced, others were experimental models. The T-26 and BT were the main tanks of the Red Army's armoured forces during the interwar period. The T-26 was the most important tank of the Spanish Civil War and played a significant role during the Battle of Lake Khasan in 1938, as well ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
45th Division (Spain)
The 45th Division ( es, 45.ª División) was a division of the Spanish Republican Army in the Spanish Civil War. This unit was established in mid 1937 in order to gather some scattered units of the International Brigades under one command, therefore it was also known as ''"45.ª División Internacional"'' (45th International Division). It took part in some of the major battles of the conflict such as Brunete, Zaragoza and the Battle of the Ebro persistently being afflicted by numerous casualties. History The establishment of the 45th Division took place at the Aragon Front June 1937 during the planning period of the Huesca Offensive. It was initially foreseen as a provisional unit and even before it became operational General Lukács, the head of the unit grouping, died after being hit by an artillery shell and was replaced by " Emilio Kléber", the first ''de facto'' commander of the division. After the crashing failure of the new unit at the combats of the Huesca Offensive ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Manfred Stern
Manfred (Moses) Stern (also known as Emilio Kléber, Lazar Stern, Moishe Stern, Mark Zilbert) (1896–1954) was a member of the GRU, Soviet military intelligence. He served as a spy in the United States, as a military advisor in China, and gained fame under his '' nom de guerre'' as General Kléber, leader of the International Brigade during the Spanish Civil War. Early life He was born into a Jewish family in northern Moldova (now Chernivtsi Raion, Chernivtsi Oblast, Ukraine), a province of the Austro-Hungarian Empire on the border between Romania and Ukraine. He studied medicine at the University of Vienna. World War I and the Russian Revolution Drafted into the Austro-Hungarian army at the beginning of World War I, he was captured by the Tsarist army and taken to a prisoner of war camp in Siberia. Freed by the October Revolution, he became a Bolshevik and joined the Red Army. He led a partisan unit in Siberia against the White Army of Admiral Kolchak and fought in Mongo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
35th Division (Spain)
The 35th Division ( es, 35.ª División) was a division of the Spanish Republican Army in the Spanish Civil War. This unit was established in March 1937 in order to gather certain scattered units of the International Brigades under one command, therefore it was also known as the 35th International Division (''35.ª División Internacional''). It took part in some of the major battles of the conflict such as Brunete, Teruel and the Battle of the Ebro persistently being afflicted by numerous casualties, especially in the latter. History The 35th Division was established on 23 March 1937 with the XII and XIV International Brigades and the 69th Mixed Brigade, becoming part of the 5th Army Corps. The command of the division was entrusted to Karol Świerczewski, also known as "General Walter" and the Chief of Staff was Lt. Colonel Ludwig Renn, a renowned German Communist. It took part in the Segovia Offensive towards the end of May together with the 34th Division led by Jos ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Karol Świerczewski
Karol Wacław Świerczewski (; callsign ''Walter''; 10 February 1897 – 28 March 1947) was a Polish and Soviet Red Army general and statesman. He was a Bolshevik Party member during the Russian Civil War and a Soviet officer in the wars fought abroad by the Soviet Union including the one against Polish as well as Ukrainian Republics and in Republican Spain. In 1939 he participated in the Soviet invasion of Poland again. At the end of World War II in Europe he was installed as one of leaders of the Soviet-sponsored Polish Provisional Government of National Unity. Soon later, Świerczewski died in a country-road ambush shot by the militants from OUN-UPA. He was an icon of communist propaganda for the following several decades. Life Born in Warsaw in Congress Poland, Karol Świerczewski grew up in a poor working-class family and began working at age 12 in a local Warsaw factory. During the First World War, at the age of 18 he was evacuated in 1915 to Moscow by the Russian Imperi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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