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ZAZ
ZAZ or Zaporizhzhia Automobile Building Plant ( uk, ЗАЗ, Запорізький автомобілебудівний завод, ''Zaporiz'kyi avtomobilebudivnyi zavod'' or ''Zaporiz'kyi avtozavod'') is the main automobile manufacturer of Ukraine, based in the south-eastern city of Zaporizhzhia. It also produces buses and trucks and is known for its former parent company's name, AvtoZAZ. History The date of foundation of the plant is considered to be 1863. In 1908, the company was founded, which later became the Melitopol Motor Plant (MeMZ). In 1923, the former Abram Koop plant was renamed the Communar. In 1960, the Melitopol Motor Plant began to supply its engines to the Zaporizhia Automobile Plant. Since 1975, MeMZ has become a part of the production association "AvtoZAZ". Today it is one of the structural elements of PJSC "ZAZ". In 1961 the plant was renamed "Zaporizhia Automobile Plant". The plant was engaged in the production of a single car - ZAZ-965, which went down i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zaporozhets
ZAZ Zaporozhets ( uk, Запоро́жець) was a series of rear-wheel-drive superminis (city cars in their first generation) designed and built from 1958 at the ZAZ factory in Soviet Ukraine. Different models of the Zaporozhets, all of which had an air-cooled engine in the rear, were produced until 1994. Since the late 1980s, the final series, 968M, was replaced by the cardinally different ZAZ-1102 Tavria hatchback, which featured a front-wheel drive and a more powerful water-cooled engine. The name ''Zaporozhets'' translates into a Cossack of the Zaporizhian Sich or а man from Zaporizhzhia or the Zaporizhzhia Oblast. Zaporozhets is still well known in many former Soviet states. Like the Volkswagen Beetle or East Germany's Trabant, the Zaporozhets was destined to become a "people's car" of the Soviet Union, and as such it was the most affordable vehicle of its era. At the same time, it was rather sturdy and known for its excellent performance on poor roads. Another impo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
AvtoZAZ
AvtoZAZ ( uk, АвтоЗАЗ) is an automotive manufacturing company in Ukraine. It was founded in 1975 as Industrial Association, а holding that incorporated ZAZ, MeMZ, Illichivsk Automobile Parts Plant ( uk, Іллічівський завод автоагрегатів) and a number of other automobile-production facilities in Lutsk (LuAZ) and Kherson. It is the only enterprise in Ukraine having full-scale cycle of passenger cars production. History In the 1990s, it was reorganized into a joint-stock company, although 100% of shares stayed with the government. In 1998 AvtoZAZ formed a joint venture with Daewoo Motors, named ''AvtoZAZ-Daewoo'' (АвтоЗАЗ-ДЕУ). ZAZ was included in the deal as 50% share on the behalf of AvtoZAZ. Following the bankruptcy of Daewoo Motors in 2001, Daewoo was bought out by General Motors, however GM refused to acquire overseas manufacturing subsidiaries including AutoZAZ-Daewoo; the Daewoo part was later bought out by a Swiss investment co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Daewoo Motors
Daewoo Motors ( ) was a South Korean automotive company established in 1937 as "National Motors". The company changed its name several times until 1982 when it became "Daewoo Motors" following its acquisition by the Daewoo Group. After running into financial difficulties,Daewoo Motor plunges into bankruptcy on ''The Guardian'', 8 Nov 2000 it sold most of its assets in 2002 to at $1.2 billion, becoming a of the American company. In 2011, the name "Daewoo" was definitively removed with the company being renamed |
Ukrainian Automobile Corporation
Ukrainian Automobile Corporation JSC ( uk, Українська Автомобільна Корпорація), or UkrAVTO ( uk, УкрАВТО), is a Ukrainian automobile manufacturing and service company, as well as Ukraine's largest automobile distributor. History It was founded in 1969 as the ''Ukraine Motor Vehicles Maintenance Department'' - a reorganisation of diverse car manufacturing, parts, sales and maintenance agencies in the then Ukrainian SSR. It was restructured after Ukraininan independence, then corporatized and fully privatised in 1995. In 2002, it took over the major Ukrainian automobile manufacturer ZAZ/AvtoZAZ, after the bankruptcy of Daewoo Motors. The resulting merged ZAZ division is the largest subsidiary of UkrAVTO. In 2005, it took over the Polish Daewoo subsidiary Fabryka Samochodów Osobowych (FSO) which had been supplying it with car parts. UkrAVTO owns the largest network of manufacturing and assembling facilities, service stations and auto deale ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
V4 Engine
A V4 engine is a four-cylinder piston engine where the cylinders share a common crankshaft and are arranged in a V configuration. The V4 engine is less common compared to straight-four engines. However, V4 engines have been used in automobiles, motorcycles, and other applications. Design Most V4 engines have two crankpins that are shared by opposing cylinders. The crankshaft is usually supported by three main bearings. Compared to the more common inline-four engine layout, a V4 engine is much shorter. Although different V angles can be used, if the two pistons are at a 90° V-angle with shared crankpins, the engine offers the additional advantage of perfect primary balance that reduces vibration. The design can also result in a smaller rocking couple than an inline-four engine, and the shorter crankshaft is less susceptible to the effects of torsional vibration due to its increased stiffness. Disadvantages of V4 engines include its design being inherently wider compared to in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
LuAZ-967
The LuAZ-967 ('' uk, ЛуАЗ-967'') was the Transporter of the Front Line, a small Soviet four-wheel drive amphibious vehicle. Light enough to be air transportable, it had a payload over most terrain. History The design originated after the Korean War, when the Soviets saw a need for small off-road vehicles comparable to the American Jeep, to supplement the overly-large and -heavy GAZ-69s then in service. It was to be used by Russian Airborne Troops (''VDV'') for casualty evacuation, munition supply and the transport of light armaments. Developed at ''NAMI'' (the National Automobile Institute), the prototype, known as '' NAMI 049'', was completed in 1958. Unlike the Jeep, it had a Fibreglass body, four-wheel torsion bar independent suspension, and permanent four-wheel drive with locking hubs. It had a wheelbase of , a ground clearance of , and was powered by a MD-65 motorcycle engine (copied from an Orbita motorcycle). Trials proved it underpowered, and the body too fragile. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zaporizhzhia
Zaporizhzhia ( uk, Запоріжжя) or Zaporozhye (russian: Запорожье) is a city in southeast Ukraine, situated on the banks of the Dnieper, Dnieper River. It is the Capital city, administrative centre of Zaporizhzhia Oblast. Zaporizhzhia has a population of Zaporizhzhia is known for the historic island of Khortytsia, multiple power stations (including Zaporizhzhia Nuclear Power Plant (the largest nuclear power station in Europe), Zaporizhzhia thermal power station, and Dnieper Hydroelectric Station) and for being an important industrial centre. Steel, aluminium, aircraft engines, automobiles, transformers for substations, and other heavy industrial goods are produced in the region. Names and etymology Renderings of the name include: Zaporizhzhia, Zaporizhia, or Zaporizhzhya, pronounced , , from uk, Запорі́жжя, . Also ''Zaporozhye'', , from russian: Запоро́жье, ). The name ''Zaporizhzhia'' literally refers to the position of the city located ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Melitopol
Melitopol ( uk, Меліто́поль, translit=Melitópol’, ; russian: Мелитополь; based on el, Μελιτόπολις - "honey city") is a List of cities in Ukraine, city and List of hromadas of Ukraine, municipality in Zaporizhzhia Oblast in southeastern Ukraine. Melitopol has been Russian occupation of Zaporizhzhia Oblast, occupied by Russia since March 2022. It is situated on the Molochna River, which flows through the eastern edge of the city into the Molochnyi Lyman estuary. Melitopol is the second-largest city in the oblast after Zaporizhzhia and serves as the administrative center of Melitopol Raion. As of January 2022 Melitopol's population was approximately Its population has since declined substantially due to the city's capture in the opening weeks of the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine. The city is located at the crossing of two major European highways: European route E58, E58 Vienna – Uzhhorod – Kyiv – Rostov-on-Don and European route E105, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
IMZ-Ural
IMZ-Ural (russian: Ирбитский мотоциклетный завод, Irbitskiy Mototsikletniy Zavod, Irbit Motorcycle Factory) is a Russian maker of heavy sidecar motorcycles. In 1940, the Soviet Union acquired the design and production techniques for BMW R71 motorcycles and sidecars. The first M-72 model was finished in 1941. Originally, factories were to be located in Moscow, Leningrad (now Saint Petersburg), and Kharkiv, but due to the approach of Nazi German troops, the Moscow facilities were moved to Irbit, and the Leningrad and Kharkiv facilities to Gorkiy (now called Nizhny Novgorod). Plans for the M-72 were later sold to the Nanchang Aircraft Manufacturing Corporation, a Chinese industrial firm, to build the Chang Jiang. History The origins of the IMZ-Ural are linked to developments in the Eastern Front during World War II. The Soviet Union was preparing for possible military action by Nazi Germany. Joseph Stalin ordered the Soviet military to prepare in all ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
MZMA 444
AZLK (''АЗЛК - Автомобильный завод имени Ленинского Комсомола'' in Russian, Avtomobilny Zavod imeni Leninskogo Komsomola) Soviet and Russian automobile manufacturer (Moscow), the maker of the Moskvitch brand. History Founded in 1930 as KIM, or ''Communist Youth International'', the plant became MZMA (''Moscow Small Car Factory'') in 1939, before finally changing its name to the more familiar ''Avtomobilny Zavod imeni Leninskogo Komsomola'' (AZLK), literally " Leninist Communist Youth League Automobile Factory" in 1969. Beginning in 1939, the factory's passenger cars were sold under the ''Moskvitch'' (Muscovite, a person whose origin or place of residence is Moscow) brand. The plant was originally under the authority of Gorkovsky Avtomobilny Zavod (GAZ – Gorky Automobile Factory) founded at about the same time, but by 1939 it was operationally independent. AZLK's role in the Soviet automotive industry was the production of small c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Flat-twin Engine
A flat-twin engine is a two-cylinder internal combustion engine with the cylinders on opposite sides of the crankshaft. The most common type of flat-twin engine is the boxer-twin engine, where both pistons move inwards and outwards at the same time. The flat-twin design was patented by Karl Benz in 1896 and the first production flat-twin engine was used in the ''Lanchester 8 hp Phaeton'' car released in 1900. The flat-twin engine was used in several other cars since, however a more common usage is in motorcycles; early models oriented the cylinders in line with the frame, however later models switched to the cylinders being perpendicular to the frame to provide even cooling across both cylinders. Flat-twin engines were also used in several aircraft up until the 1930s and in various stationary applications from the 1930s to the 1960s. The Australian lawnmower manufacturer Victa also produced a flat-twin engine push mower from August 1975 to 1980 dubbed as the ‘Twin 500’ and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Subsidiary
A subsidiary, subsidiary company or daughter company is a company owned or controlled by another company, which is called the parent company or holding company. Two or more subsidiaries that either belong to the same parent company or having a same management being substantially controlled by same entity/group are called sister companies. The subsidiary can be a company (usually with limited liability) and may be a government- or state-owned enterprise. They are a common feature of modern business life, and most multinational corporations organize their operations in this way. Examples of holding companies are Berkshire Hathaway, Jefferies Financial Group, The Walt Disney Company, Warner Bros. Discovery, or Citigroup; as well as more focused companies such as IBM, Xerox, and Microsoft. These, and others, organize their businesses into national and functional subsidiaries, often with multiple levels of subsidiaries. Details Subsidiaries are separate, distinct legal entities f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
