|
Z39.50
Z39.50 is an international standard client–server, application layer communications protocol for searching and retrieving information from a database over a TCP/IP computer network, developed and maintained by the Library of Congress. It is covered by ANSI/NISO standard Z39.50, and ISO standard 23950. Z39.50 is widely used in library environments, for interlibrary catalogue search and loan, often incorporated into integrated library systems and personal bibliographic reference software, and social media such as LibraryThing. Work on the Z39.50 protocol began in the 1970s, and led to successive versions in 1988, 1992, 1995 and 2003. The Contextual Query Language (formerly called the Common Query Language) is based on Z39.50 semantics. Search syntax The protocol supports search, retrieval, sort, and browse. Search queries contain attributes, typically from the bib-1 attribute set which defines six attributes to specify information searches on the server computer: use, r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Reference Management Software
Reference management software, citation management software, or bibliographic management software is software for scholars and authors to use for recording and utilising bibliographic citations (references) as well as managing project references either as a company or an individual. Once a citation has been recorded, it can be used time and again in generating bibliographies, such as lists of references in scholarly books, articles and essays. The development of reference management packages has been driven by the rapid expansion of scientific literature. These software packages normally consist of a database in which full bibliographic references can be entered, plus a system for generating selective lists of articles in the different formats required by publishers and scholarly journals. Modern reference management packages can usually be integrated with word processors so that a reference list in the appropriate format is produced automatically as an article is written, redu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bath Profile
The Bath Profile is an international Z39.50 Specification for Library Applications and Resource Discovery. The Bath Profile is maintained by Library and Archives Canada Library and Archives Canada (LAC; french: Bibliothèque et Archives Canada) is the federal institution, tasked with acquiring, preserving, and providing accessibility to the documentary heritage of Canada. The national archive and library is th .... The syntax of Z39.50 is abstracted from the underlying database structure. For example, if the client specifies an author search using attribute 1003, the server must determine how to map that search to the indexes it contains. This allows Z39.50 queries to be formulated without knowing anything about the target database, but it also means that results for the same query can vary widely among different servers. One server may have an author index and another may use its index of personal names, whether they are authors or not. A third may have no name index and fall ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Search/Retrieve Web Service
Search/Retrieve Web service (SRW) is a web service for search and retrieval. SRW provides a SOAP interface to queries, to augment the URL interface provided by its companion protocol Search/Retrieve via URL (SRU). Queries in SRU and SRW are expressed using the Contextual Query Language (CQL). Standards for SRW, SRU, and CQL are promulgated by the United States Library of Congress. The SRW service and SRU protocol were both created by as part of the ZING (Z39.50 International: Next Generation) initiative as successors to the Z39.50 protocol. Example usage See also * Z39.50 Implementations *refbase refbase is web-based institutional repository and reference management software which is often used for self-archiving. refbase is licensed under the GPL and written in PHP and uses a MySQL backend. It can import and export a variety of stand ... * RefDB * Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand External linksSRU: Search/Retrieve via URL [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Contextual Query Language
Contextual Query Language (CQL), previously known as Common Query Language, is a formal language for representing queries to information retrieval systems such as search engines, bibliographic catalogs and museum collection information. Based on the semantics of Z39.50, its design objective is that queries be human readable and writable, and that the language be intuitive while maintaining the expressiveness of more complex query languages. It is being developed and maintained by the Z39.50 Maintenance Agency, part of the Library of Congress. Examples of query syntax Simple queries: dinosaur "complete dinosaur" title = "complete dinosaur" title exact "the complete dinosaur" Queries using Boolean logic: dinosaur or bird Palomar assignment and "ice age" dinosaur not reptile dinosaur and bird or dinobird (bird or dinosaur) and (feathers or scales) "feathered dinosaur" and (yixian or jehol) Queries accessing publication indexes: publicationYear 2.4 bioMass >= 100 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Search/Retrieve Via URL
Search/Retrieve via URL (SRU) is a standard search protocol for Internet search queries, utilizing Contextual Query Language (CQL), a standard query syntax for representing queries. SRU, along with the related Search/Retrieve via Web (SRW) service, were created by as part of the ZING (Z39.50 International: Next Generation) initiative as successors to the Z39.50 protocol. Example usage Sample code of a complete answer fothis SRU Query-URLwith URL query version=1.1&operation=searchRetrieve&query=dc.title=Darwinism and CQL query dc.title=Darwinism: 1.1 4 info:srw/schema/1/dc-v1.1 XML Darwinism Dennett The rule of the Local is a basic principle of Darwinism - it corresponds to the principle that there is no Creator, no intelligent foresight. I 262 1 info:srw/schema/1/dc-v1.1 XML Darwinism McGinn Design argument/William ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
LibraryThing
LibraryThing is a social cataloging web application for storing and sharing book catalogs and various types of book metadata. It is used by authors, individuals, libraries, and publishers. Based in Portland, Maine, LibraryThing was developed by Tim Spalding and went live on August 29, 2005, on a freemium subscriber business model, because "it was important to have customers, not an 'audience' we sell to advertisers." They focused instead on making a series of products for academic libraries. Motivated by the cataloguing opportunities and financial challenges presented by the COVID-19 pandemic, the service went "free to all" on March 8, 2020, while maintaining a promise to never use advertising on registered users. As of February 2021, it has 2,600,000 users and over 155 million books catalogued, drawing data from Amazon and from thousands of libraries that use the Z39.50 cataloguing protocol. Features The primary feature of LibraryThing (LT) is the cataloging of books, mov ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Library Of Congress
The Library of Congress (LOC) is the research library that officially serves the United States Congress and is the ''de facto'' national library of the United States. It is the oldest federal cultural institution in the country. The library is housed in three buildings on Capitol Hill in Washington, D.C.; it also maintains a conservation center in Culpeper, Virginia. The library's functions are overseen by the Librarian of Congress, and its buildings are maintained by the Architect of the Capitol. The Library of Congress is one of the largest libraries in the world. Its "collections are universal, not limited by subject, format, or national boundary, and include research materials from all parts of the world and in more than 470 languages." Congress moved to Washington, D.C., in 1800 after holding sessions for eleven years in the temporary national capitals in New York City and Philadelphia. In both cities, members of the U.S. Congress had access to the sizable collection ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Application Layer
An application layer is an abstraction layer that specifies the shared communications protocols and Interface (computing), interface methods used by Host (network), hosts in a communications network. An ''application layer'' abstraction is specified in both the Internet Protocol Suite (TCP/IP) and the OSI model. Although both models use the same term for their respective highest-level layer, the detailed definitions and purposes are different. Internet protocol suite In the Internet protocol suite, the application layer contains the communications protocols and interface methods used in process-to-process communications across an Internet Protocol (IP) computer network. The application layer only standardizes communication and depends upon the underlying transport layer protocols to establish host-to-host data transfer channels and manage the data exchange in a client–server model, client–server or peer-to-peer networking model. Though the TCP/IP application layer does not d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
NISO
The National Information Standards Organization (NISO; ) is a United States non-profit standards organization that develops, maintains and publishes technical standards related to publishing, bibliographic and library applications. It was founded in 1939 as the "Z39 Committee", incorporated as a not-for-profit education association in 1983, and assumed its current name in 1984. Organization NISO offers two membership categories, "voting members" and "library standards alliance". In January 2016, the "voting members" included 77 large corporations, mostly publishers, and large library organizations such as the American Library Association.Member companies ". National Information Standards Organization. Retrieved March 6, 2016. Voting members elect Directors and comment and vote on standards. The "Library Standards Alliance" includ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Protocol For Metadata Harvesting
The Open Archives Initiative Protocol for Metadata Harvesting (OAI-PMH) is a protocol developed for harvesting metadata descriptions of records in an archive so that services can be built using metadata from many archives. An implementation of OAI-PMH must support representing metadata in Dublin Core, but may also support additional representations. The protocol is usually just referred to as the OAI Protocol. OAI-PMH uses XML over HTTP. Version 2.0 of the protocol was released in 2002; the document was last updated in 2015. It has a Creative Commons license BY-SA. History In the late 1990s, Herbert Van de Sompel (Ghent University) was working with researchers and librarians at Los Alamos National Laboratory (US) and called a meeting to address difficulties related to interoperability issues of e-print servers and digital repositories. The meeting was held in Santa Fe, New Mexico, in October 1999. A key development from the meeting was the definition of an interface that permi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
SOAP (protocol)
Soap is a salt of a fatty acid used in a variety of cleansing and lubricating products. In a domestic setting, soaps are surfactants usually used for washing, bathing, and other types of housekeeping. In industrial settings, soaps are used as thickeners, components of some lubricants, and precursors to catalysts. When used for cleaning, soap solubilizes particles and grime, which can then be separated from the article being cleaned. In hand washing, as a surfactant, when lathered with a little water, soap kills microorganisms by disorganizing their membrane lipid bilayer and denaturing their proteins. It also emulsifies oils, enabling them to be carried away by running water. Soap is created by mixing fats and oils with a base. A similar process is used for making detergent which is also created by combining chemical compounds in a mixer. Humans have used soap for millennia. Evidence exists for the production of soap-like materials in ancient Babylon around 2800 BC. Typ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
