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Zen Of Python
The Zen of Python is a collection of 19 Coding conventions, "guiding principles" for writing computer programs that influence the design of the Python (programming language), Python programming language. Python code that aligns with these principles is often referred to as "Pythonic". Software engineer Tim Peters (software engineer), Tim Peters wrote this set of principles and posted it on the Python mailing list in 1999. Peters' list left open a 20th principle "for Guido to fill in", referring to Guido van Rossum, the original author of the Python language. The vacancy for a 20th principle has not been filled. Peters' Zen of Python was included as entry number 20 in the language's official Python Enhancement Proposals and was released into the public domain. It is also included as an Easter egg (software), Easter egg in the Python Interpreter (computing), interpreter, where it can be displayed by entering import this. In May 2020, Barry Warsaw (developer of GNU Mailman) used it ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
KISS Principle
KISS, an acronym for "Keep it simple, stupid!", is a design principle first noted by the U.S. Navy in 1960. First seen partly in American English by at least 1938, KISS implies that simplicity should be a design goal. The phrase has been associated with aircraft engineer Kelly Johnson (engineer), Kelly Johnson. The term "KISS principle" was in popular use by 1970. Variations on the phrase (usually as some euphemism for the more churlish "stupid") include "keep it super simple", "keep it simple, silly", "keep it short and simple", "keep it short and sweet", "keep it simple and straightforward", "keep it small and simple", "keep it simple, soldier", "keep it simple, sailor", "keep it simple, sweetie", "keep it stupidly simple", or "keep it sweet and simple". Origin The acronym was reportedly coined by Kelly Johnson (engineer), Kelly Johnson, lead engineer at the Lockheed Martin, Lockheed Skunk Works (creators of the Lockheed U-2 and SR-71 Blackbird spy planes, among many others). How ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Case Study
A case study is an in-depth, detailed examination of a particular case (or cases) within a real-world context. For example, case studies in medicine may focus on an individual patient or ailment; case studies in business might cover a particular firm's strategy or a broader market; similarly, case studies in politics can range from a narrow happening over time like the operations of a specific political campaign, to an enormous undertaking like world war, or more often the policy analysis of real-world problems affecting multiple stakeholders. Generally, a case study can highlight nearly any individual, group, organization, event, belief system, or action. A case study does not necessarily have to be one observation ( N=1), but may include many observations (one or multiple individuals and entities across multiple time periods, all within the same case study). Research projects involving numerous cases are frequently called cross-case research, whereas a study of a single case is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Namespaces
In computing, a namespace is a set of signs (''names'') that are used to identify and refer to objects of various kinds. A namespace ensures that all of a given set of objects have unique names so that they can be easily identified. Namespaces are commonly structured as hierarchies to allow reuse of names in different contexts. As an analogy, consider a system of naming of people where each person has a given name, as well as a family name shared with their relatives. If the first names of family members are unique only within each family, then each person can be uniquely identified by the combination of first name and family name; there is only one Jane Doe, though there may be many Janes. Within the namespace of the Doe family, just "Jane" suffices to unambiguously designate this person, while within the "global" namespace of all people, the full name must be used. Prominent examples for namespaces include file systems, which assign names to files. Some programming languages ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rubber Duck Debugging
In software engineering, rubber duck debugging (or rubberducking) is a method of debugging code by articulating a problem in spoken or written natural language. The name is a reference to a story in the book ''The Pragmatic Programmer'' in which a programmer would carry around a rubber duck and debug their code by forcing themselves to explain it, line by line, to the duck. p. 95, footnote. Many other terms exist for this technique, often involving different (usually) inanimate objects, or pets such as a dog or a cat. Teddy bears are also widely used. Approach Many programmers have had the experience of explaining a problem to someone else, possibly even to someone who knows nothing about programming, and then hitting upon the solution in the process of explaining the problem. In describing what the code is supposed to do and observing what it actually does, any incongruity between these two becomes apparent.. More generally, teaching a subject forces its evaluation from differen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Implementation
Implementation is the realization of an application, execution of a plan, idea, scientific modelling, model, design, specification, Standardization, standard, algorithm, policy, or the Management, administration or management of a process or Goal, objective. Industry-specific definitions Information technology In the information technology industry, implementation refers to the post-sales process of guiding a client from purchase to use of the software or hardware that was purchased. This includes requirements analysis, scope analysis, customizations, systems integrations, user policies, user training and delivery. These steps are often overseen by a project manager using project management methodologies. Software Implementations involve several professionals that are relatively new to the knowledge based economy such as Business analysis, business analysts, software implementation specialists, solutions architects, and project managers. To implement a system successfully, many ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Emphasis (typography)
In typography, emphasis is the strengthening of words in a text with a font in a different style from the rest of the text, to highlight them. It is the equivalent of Stress (linguistics)#Prosodic stress, prosody stress in speech. Methods and use The most common methods in History of Western typography, Western typography fall under the general technique of emphasis through a change or modification of font: ''italics'', boldface and . Other methods include the alteration of LETTER CASE and spacing as well as color and *additional graphic marks*. Font styles and variants The human eye is very receptive to differences in "brightness within a text body." Therefore, one can differentiate between types of emphasis according to whether the emphasis changes the "type color, blackness" of text, sometimes referred to as typographic color. A means of emphasis that does not have much effect on blackness is the use of ''italic type, italics'', where the text is written in a script ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Plain Text
In computing, plain text is a loose term for data (e.g. file contents) that represent only characters of readable material but not its graphical representation nor other objects ( floating-point numbers, images, etc.). It may also include a limited number of "whitespace" characters that affect simple arrangement of text, such as spaces, line breaks, or tabulation characters. Plain text is different from formatted text, where style information is included; from structured text, where structural parts of the document such as paragraphs, sections, and the like are identified; and from binary files in which some portions must be interpreted as binary objects (encoded integers, real numbers, images, etc.). The term is sometimes used quite loosely, to mean files that contain ''only'' "readable" content (or just files with nothing that the speaker does not prefer). For example, that could exclude any indication of fonts or layout (such as markup, markdown, or even tabs); characters s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dash
The dash is a punctuation mark consisting of a long horizontal line. It is similar in appearance to the hyphen but is longer and sometimes higher from the baseline. The most common versions are the endash , generally longer than the hyphen but shorter than the minus sign; the emdash , longer than either the en dash or the minus sign; and the horizontalbar , whose length varies across typefaces but tends to be between those of the en and em dashes. Typical uses of dashes are to mark a break in a sentence, to set off an explanatory remark (similar to parenthesis), or to show spans of time or ranges of values. The em dash is sometimes used as a leading character to identify the source of a quoted text. History In the early 17th century, in Okes-printed plays of William Shakespeare, dashes are attested that indicate a thinking pause, interruption, mid-speech realization, or change of subject. The dashes are variously longer (as in '' King Lear'' reprinted 1619) or ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ambiguity Aversion
In decision theory and economics, ambiguity aversion (also known as uncertainty aversion) is a preference for known risks over unknown risks. An ambiguity-averse individual would rather choose an alternative where the probability distribution of the outcomes is known over one where the probabilities are unknown. This behavior was first introduced through the Ellsberg paradox (people prefer to bet on the outcome of an urn with 50 red and 50 black balls rather than to bet on one with 100 total balls but for which the number of black or red balls is unknown). There are two categories of imperfectly predictable events between which choices must be made: risky and ambiguous events (also known as Knightian uncertainty). Risky events have a known probability distribution over outcomes while in ambiguous events the probability distribution is not known. The reaction is behavioral and still being formalized. Ambiguity aversion can be used to explain incomplete contracts, volatility in stoc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Perfect Is The Enemy Of Good
Perfect is the enemy of good is an aphorism that means insistence on perfection often prevents implementation of good improvements. Achieving absolute perfection may be impossible; one should not let the struggle for perfection stand in the way of appreciating or executing on something that is imperfect but still of value. Origin In the English-speaking world the aphorism is commonly attributed to Voltaire, who quoted an Italian proverb in his ' in 1770: "". It subsequently appeared in his moral poem, , which starts: Previously, around 1726, in his , Montesquieu wrote "" ('The best is the mortal enemy of the good'). Antecedents Aristotle and other classical philosophers propounded the principle of the golden mean which counsels against extremism in general. Its sense in English literature can be traced back to Shakespeare. In his tragedy ''King Lear'' (1606), the Duke of Albany warns of "striving to better, oft we mar what's well" and in Sonnet 103: Variations The 1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Edge Case
An edge case is a problem or situation that occurs only at an extreme (maximum or minimum) operating parameter. For example, a stereo speaker might noticeably distort audio when played at maximum volume, even in the absence of any other extreme setting or condition. An edge case can be expected or unexpected. In engineering, the process of planning for and gracefully addressing edge cases can be a significant task, and yet this task may be overlooked or underestimated. Some common causes of edge cases are: * Unpredictable user behavior * Evolution of use cases (e.g. user behavior may change over time) * Limited test coverage * Product complexity (for instance, in distributed systems or microservice architectures) * Resource limitations (e.g. limited processing power, computer memory, or computer storage) * Other external causes Some basic examples of edge cases include: * A long username in an app overflows and displays incorrectly * A booking system does not handle reservati ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
