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Zaparwa
Ziparwa, originally known as Zaparwa, was the head of the pantheon of the Palaians, inhabitants of a region of northern Anatolia known as Pala in the Bronze Age. It is often assumed that he was a weather god in origin, though he was also associated with vegetation. Information about the worship of Ziparwa comes exclusively from Hittite texts, though some of them indicate that formulas in Palaic were used during festivals dedicated to him held in Hittite cities such as Hattusa. Name and character Ziparwa was the head of the "extremely heterogenous" pantheon of the Palaians, speakers of Palaic, a language closely related to Hittite and Luwian. In the Bronze Age they inhabited Pala, a northern region of Anatolia which later came to be known as Paphlagonia. The original Palaic form of Ziparwa's name, Zaparwa, was spelled in cuneiform as '' dZa-pár-waa(-a)-'', while the standard Hittite spelling was ''dZi-pár-waa(-a)-''. The signs with subscripts, such as ''waa'', constituted a Hit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Palaic Mythology
Pala (cuneiform ''pa-la-a'') was a Bronze Age country in Northern Anatolia. Little is known of Pala except its native Palaic language and its native religion. The only known person of Palaic origin was the ritual priestess Anna. Their language shared common innovations with Luwian not present in the Hittite language suggesting a prior Luwian-Palaic linguistic complex. Location Pala is said to have been bordered by Tummana to the east, Kalasma to the west and Kaissiya to Mount Asharpaya toward the south. The country named *Bla leading to Blaene in cuneiform script was written as ''pa-la-a''. The country of Pala may have been located along the Black Sea coast, either in the region known as Paphlagonia in classical antiquity or the much smaller territory of Blaene located within, though it has been alternately located near modern-day Sivas as well. History In the Old Hittite period Pala was mentioned as an administrative area under Hittite jurisdiction in the Hittite laws. At ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pala (Anatolia)
Pala (cuneiform ''pa-la-a'') was a Bronze Age country in Northern Anatolia. Little is known of Pala except its native Palaic language and its native religion. The only known person of Palaic origin was the ritual priestess Anna. Their language shared common innovations with Luwian not present in the Hittite language suggesting a prior Luwian-Palaic linguistic complex. Location Pala is said to have been bordered by Tummana to the east, Kalasma to the west and Kaissiya to Mount Asharpaya toward the south. The country named *Bla leading to Blaene in cuneiform script was written as ''pa-la-a''. The country of Pala may have been located along the Black Sea coast, either in the region known as Paphlagonia in classical antiquity or the much smaller territory of Blaene located within, though it has been alternately located near modern-day Sivas as well. History In the Old Hittite period Pala was mentioned as an administrative area under Hittite jurisdiction in the Hittite laws. A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Palaic Language
Palaic is an extinct Indo-European languages, Indo-European language, attested in cuneiform tablets in Bronze Age Hattusa, the capital of the Hittites. Palaic, which was apparently spoken mainly in northern Anatolia, is generally considered to be one of four primary sub-divisions of the Anatolian languages, alongside Hittite language, Hittite (central Anatolia), Luwic (southern Anatolia) and Lydian language, Lydian (western Anatolia). Its name in Hittite language, Hittite is ''palaumnili'', or "of the people of Pala"; Pala (Anatolia), Pala was probably to the northwest of the Hittite core area, so in the northwest of present mainland Turkey. The region was overrun by the Kaskians in the 15th century BC, and the language likely went out of daily use at that time. Sources The entire corpus of Palaic spans only CTH 751-754 in Emmanuel Laroche's catalog of Hittite texts; in addition Hittite texts elsewhere cite passages in Palaic in reference to the weather god Zaparwa (Hittite la ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Palaic Peoples
Pala (cuneiform ''pa-la-a'') was a Bronze Age country in Northern Anatolia. Little is known of Pala except its native Palaic language and its native religion. The only known person of Palaic origin was the ritual priestess Anna. Their language shared common innovations with Luwian not present in the Hittite language suggesting a prior Luwian-Palaic linguistic complex. Location Pala is said to have been bordered by Tummana to the east, Kalasma to the west and Kaissiya to Mount Asharpaya toward the south. The country named *Bla leading to Blaene in cuneiform script was written as ''pa-la-a''. The country of Pala may have been located along the Black Sea coast, either in the region known as Paphlagonia in classical antiquity or the much smaller territory of Blaene located within, though it has been alternately located near modern-day Sivas as well. History In the Old Hittite period Pala was mentioned as an administrative area under Hittites, Hittite jurisdiction in the Hittite ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tarḫunna
Tarḫunna or Tarḫuna/i was the Hittite weather god. He was also referred to as the "Weather god of Heaven" or the "Lord of the Land of Hatti". Name Tarḫunna is a cognate of the Hittite verb ''tarḫu-zi'', "to prevail, conquer, be powerful, be able, defeat"; from the Proto-Anatolian weather god ''*Tṛḫu-ent-,'' "conquering"; ultimately from PIE ''*terh₂-'', "to cross over, pass through, overcome". The same name was used in almost all Anatolian languages: Luwian '' Tarḫunz-''; Carian ''Trquδ-''; Milyan ''Trqqñt-'', and Lycian: ''Trqqas'' (A), ''Trqqiz'' (B). Norbert Oettinger has argued that the functions of the Anatolian weather god ultimately come from the Proto-Indo-European god Perkwunos, but that they did not preserve the old name to coin instead the new epithet ''Tṛḫu-ent-'' ("conquering"), which sounded close to the name of the Hattian Storm-god ''Taru''. Role As weather god, Tarḫunna was responsible for the various manifestations of the wea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sun God
A solar deity or sun deity is a deity who represents the Sun, or an aspect of it. Such deities are usually associated with power and strength. Solar deities and Sun worship can be found throughout most of recorded history in various forms. The Sun is sometimes referred to by its Latin name ''Sol'' or by its Greek name ''Helios''. The English word ''sun'' derives from Proto-Germanic *''sunnÇ''. Overview Predynasty Egyptian beliefs attribute Atum as the Sun god and Horus as god of the sky and Sun. As the Old Kingdom theocracy gained influence, early beliefs were incorporated into the expanding popularity of Ra and the Osiris-Horus mythology. Atum became Ra-Atum, the rays of the setting Sun. Osiris became the divine heir to Atum's power on Earth and passed his divine authority to his son, Horus. Other early Egyptian myths imply that the Sun is incorporated with the lioness Sekhmet at night and is reflected in her eyes; or that the Sun is found within the cow Hathor during th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Telipinu (mythology)
Telipinu (Cuneiform: , ; Hattic: ''Talipinu'' or ''Talapinu'', "Exalted Son")Beckman, Gary. "Telipinu" in ''Reallexicon der Assyriologie und Vorderasiatischen Archäologie'', Vol. 13. 2012 was a Hittite god who most likely served as a patron of farming, though he has also been suggested to have been a storm god or an embodiment of crops. He was a son of the weather god Tarḫunna ( Taru) and the solar goddess Arinniti in the system of their mythology. His wife was the goddess Ḫatepuna, though he was also paired with and Kataḫḫa at various cultic centres. Telipinu was honored every nine years with an extravagant festival in the autumn at Ḫanḫana and Kašḫa, wherein 1000 sheep and 50 oxen were sacrificed and the symbol of the god, an oak tree, was replanted. He was also invoked formulaically in a daily prayer for King Muršili II during the latter's reign. An ancient Hittite myth about Telipinu, the ''Telipinu Myth'', describes how his disappearance causes all fertilit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kamrušepa
Kamrušepa was a Hittite and Luwian goddess of medicine and magic, analogous to Hattic and Palaic goddess Kataḫzipuri. She is best known as one of the deities involved in the Telepinu Myth, in which her actions were crucial to pacify the anger of the "missing" vegetation god. Character Kamrušepa was the goddess of both magic and medicine. She was regarded as the inventor of various procedures, subsequently passed on to humans, as attested in mythical explanations attached to ritual texts. She could function as a divine midwife as well. It is possible she was a household deity due to her connection with family life and the hearth. As a healing goddess, she could be associated with deities such as Pirwa, Maliya and the Hurrian Šauška in Hittite rituals. The Luwians seemingly regarded her as analogous to Mesopotamian medicine goddess Gula, and in some cases texts presented as incantations of Gula in Mesopotamia were attributed to Kamrušepa in Luwian tradition. Unlike ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cult (religious Practice)
Cult is the care (Latin: ''cultus'') owed to deities and temples, shrines, or churches. Cult is embodied in ritual and ceremony. Its present or former presence is made concrete in temples, shrines and churches, and cult images, including votive offerings at votive sites. Etymology Cicero defined ''religio'' as ''cultus deorum'', "the cultivation of the gods." The "cultivation" necessary to maintain a specific deity was that god's ''cultus,'' "cult," and required "the knowledge of giving the gods their due" ''(scientia colendorum deorum)''. The noun ''cultus'' originates from the past participle of the verb ''colo, colere, colui, cultus'', "to tend, take care of, cultivate," originally meaning "to dwell in, inhabit" and thus "to tend, cultivate land ''(ager)''; to practice agriculture," an activity fundamental to Roman identity even when Rome as a political center had become fully urbanized. ''Cultus'' is often translated as "cult" without the negative connotations the word ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Luwian Religion
Luwian religion was the religious and mythological beliefs and practices of the Luwians, an Indo-European people of Asia Minor, which is detectable from the Bronze Age until the early Roman empire. It was strongly affected by foreign influence in all periods and it is not possible to clearly separate it from neighbouring cultures, particularly Syrian and Hurrian religion. The Indo-European element in the Luwian religion was stronger than in the neighbouring Hittite religion. Periodisation The Luwian religion can be divided into two periods: the Bronze Age period and the Iron Age or Late Luwian period. During the Bronze Age, the Luwians were under the control of the Hittites. They spoke the Luwian language, a close relative of the Hittite language. Although a hieroglyphic script existed in the Bronze Age, which was used for writing Luwian, there are only a few known religious texts of the Luwians from the Bronze Age. After the collapse of the Hittite empire, several Late Luwian ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Å uppiluliuma I
Suppiluliuma I () or Suppiluliumas I () was king of the Hittites (r. c. 1344–1322 BC (short chronology)). He achieved fame as a great warrior and statesman, successfully challenging the then-dominant New Kingdom of Egypt, Egyptian Empire for control of the lands between the Mediterranean and the Euphrates. Early life Suppiluliuma was the son of Tudhaliya II and Queen Daduhepa.Trevor Bryce, The Kingdom of the Hittites, Oxford University Press, 1999 He began his career as the chief advisor and general to Tudhaliya II, then based at Samuha. In this capacity, he defeated the Hittites' enemies among the Azzi-Hayasa and the Kaskians, Kaskas. Both enemies then united around charismatic leaders to counter him; of these Karanni founded a semblance of a royal court in Hayasa, and Piyapili failed to do likewise for the Kaska. Suppiluliuma and Tudhaliya defeated these threats in turn, to the extent that the Hittite court could settle in Hattusa again. When Tudhaliya II died, Tudhaliya III ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hašamili
Hasameli (also Hašamili) was the Hittite god of metalworkers and craftsmen. Associated with smoke, he is called on by Mursili II in his Annals to encircle and cloak him that he be concealed from his enemy in a covert assault. He may be related with the Greek Hephaestus. See also * Hittite mythology Hittite mythology and Hittite religion were the religious beliefs and practices of the Hittites, who created an empire centered in what is now Turkey from . Most of the narratives embodying Hittite mythology are lost, and the elements that wo ... Hittite deities {{MEast-myth-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
