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Yury Nozhikov
Yury Abramovich Nozhikov (russian: Юрий Абрамович Ножиков, 1934–2010) was a Soviet electrical engineer and Russian politician who was the first governor of Irkutsk Oblast (East Siberia) in 1991–1997. Early life Yury Chen was born in Leningrad (modern Saint Petersburg) in 1934 to a Chinese father Chen Kin San (Leonid Chen) and Russian mother Tatyana Toropova, who was working as nurse. His father most likely fell under Stalinist repressions in 1937. Later Yury's mother remarried Jewish worker Abram Moiseyevich Nozhikov, and the boy received his last name and patronymic. Abram Nozhikov died in the Great Patriotic War in 1942. In 1956 Nozhikov graduated from the Ivanovo Power Engineering Institute. He worked at the largest construction sites in the Urals, Siberia, the Far East and the Far North. Since 1970 he was the manager of VostokEnergoMontazh trust, from 1984 to 1988 — general director of BratskGESstroy. Political career In 1961 he joined the Com ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Boris Govorin
Boris Alexandrovich Govorin (russian: Борис Александрович Говорин; born 27 June 1947) is a Russian politician, former Mayor of Irkutsk an Governor of Irkutsk Oblast. Biography Boris Govorin was born in Irkutsk in 1947 to a family of WWII veteran. In 1971 he graduated from the Irkutsk Polytechnic Institute. He worked at Irkutskenergo, reaching the position of deputy director. In 1983 Govorin began his municipal career as deputy chairman and then chairman of executive committee in Irkutsk's Sverdlovsky borough. In 1992 president of Russia Boris Yeltsin appointed Govorin head of Irkutsk city administration and two years later he was elected mayor. From 1995 to 1996 he was one of the nine representatives of Russia in the Chamber of Local Authorities of the Council of Europe. In July 1997 Govorin was elected governor of Irkutsk Oblast, defeating Communist Sergey Levchenko Sergey Georgievich Levchenko (Russian Cyrillic: Сергей Георгиевич ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Supreme Soviet Of The RSFSR
The Supreme Soviet of the Russian SFSR (russian: Верховный Совет РСФСР, ''Verkhovny Sovet RSFSR''), later Supreme Soviet of the Russian Federation (russian: Верховный Совет Российской Федерации, ''Verkhovny'' ''Sovet Rossiyskoy Federatsii'') was the supreme government institution of the Russian SFSR in 1938–1990; in 1990–1993 it was a permanent legislature (parliament), elected by the Congress of People's Deputies of the Russian Federation. The Supreme Soviet of the Russian SFSR was established to be similar in structure to the Supreme Soviet of the USSR in 1938, instead of the All-Russian Congress of Soviets as the highest organ of power of Russia. In the 1940s, the Supreme Soviet Presidium and the Council of Ministers of the Russian SFSR were located in the former mansion of counts Osterman (str Delegatskaya, 3), which was later in 1991 given to a museum. The sessions were held in Grand Kremlin Palace. In 1981 the Supreme ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1994 Russian Gubernatorial Elections
Gubernatorial elections in 1994 took place in six regions of the Russian Federation. Chairmen of the Supreme Soviets of the four autonomous republics An autonomous republic is a type of administrative division similar to a province or state. A significant number of autonomous republics can be found within the successor states of the Soviet Union, but the majority are located within Russia. Man ... were elected presidents that year continuing the process of disbanding of the Soviets system, which began with dispersal of the Supreme Soviet of Russia in October 1993. Race summary References {{Russian elections Gubernatorial elections in Russia 1994 elections in Russia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Constitution Of The Russian Federation
The Constitution of the Russian Federation () was adopted by national referendum on 12 December 1993. Russia's constitution came into force on 25 December 1993, at the moment of its official publication, and abolished the Soviet system of government. The current Constitution is the second most long-lived in the history of Russia, behind the Constitution of 1936. The text was drafted by the 1993 Constitutional Conference, which was attended by over 800 participants. Sergei Alexeyev, Sergey Shakhray, and sometimes Anatoly Sobchak are considered as the primary co-authors of the constitution. The text was inspired by Mikhail Speransky's constitutional project and the current French constitution. The USAID-funded lawyers also contributed to the development of the draft. It replaced the previous Soviet-era Constitution of 12 April 1978, of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (which had already been amended in April 1992 to reflect the dissolution of the Soviet Union ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Novosibirsk Oblast
Novosibirsk Oblast (russian: Новосиби́рская о́бласть, ''Novosibirskaya oblast'') is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast) located in southwestern Siberia. Its administrative and economic center is the city of Novosibirsk. The population was 2,788,849 as of the 2018 Census. Geography Overview Novosibirsk Oblast is located in the south of the West Siberian Plain, at the foothills of low Salair ridge, between the Ob and Irtysh Rivers. The oblast borders Omsk Oblast in the west, Kazakhstan (Pavlodar Province) in the southwest, Tomsk Oblast in the north, Kemerovo Oblast in the east, and Altai Krai in the south. The territory of the oblast extends for more than from west to east, and for over from north to south. The oblast is mainly plain; in the south the steppes prevail; in the north enormous tracts of woodland with great number of marshes prevail. There are many lakes, the largest ones located at the south. The majority of the rivers belong to the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vitaly Mukha
Vitaly Petrovich Mukha (russian: Виталий Петрович Муха; 17 May 1935 — 22 May 2005) was a Ukrainian-born Russian politician, who served as the first and third Governor of Novosibirsk Oblast from 1991 to 1993 and from 1995 to 2000. He also served as the 14th first secretary of the Novosibirsk regional committee of the CPSU from 1989 to 1990. Biography Vitaly Mukha was born in Kharkov, Ukraine, on 17 May 1935, to a Ukrainian family. Education and work In 1960, he graduated from the Kharkov Aviation Institute with a degree in mechanical engineer, associate professor. From 1960 to 1966 he was a foreman, deputy head of the shop, head of the shop of the V.P. Chkalov Novosibirsk Aviation Plant, since 1966 — head of department, deputy chief engineer, chief engineer, since 1973 — director of the Novosibirsk plant of electrothermal equipment at PA Sibelektroterm. From 1975 to 1982, he was the director of the plant and general director of PA " Sibelektroterm". F ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Civic Union (Russia)
The Civic Union (, ''Grazhdanskiy soyuz'', GS) was a political alliance in Russia. History Political bloc "Civic Union" Civic Union was established on 21 June 1992 at the Forum of public organisations "Civic Union" as the political bloc of centrist forces. The bloc consisted of All-Russian Union "Renewal" (VSO), Democratic Party of Russia (DPR), People's Party "Free Russia" (NPSR), youth organisations of DPR and NPSR, parliamentary faction Smena — New Politics, Russian Union of Youth (RSM, legal successor to All-Union Leninist Young Communist League) and several prominent public figures. At the Forum a policy document — "Area of Consent of the Civic Union" — was approved. Bloc's founders proposed "immediate and radical correction of social-economic policy" to rescue state-owned enterprises and to support the needs of the population, creation of "collegial body of the Commonwealth" to restore connections between former Soviet republics, "Commonwealth citizenship" and "u ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
RAO UES
OAO RAO UES (OAO Unified Energy System of Russia; russian: ЕЭС России or russian: Единая Энергетическая Система) was an electric power holding company in Russia. It controlled about 70% of Russia's installed electric capacity, 96% of its high-voltage grid and over 70% of its transmission lines. In addition to the Russian market, RAO UES exported electricity to Scandinavia and to other members of the CIS. The last head of RAO UES was Anatoly Chubais. History Unified Energy System of Russia was established by Presidential Decree #932, signed on August 15, 1992, as an electric energy holding company. Most of the state-owned electric energy assets, such as thermal and hydroelectric power plants, transmission lines, state-owned shares in power, research & engineering, and construction companies were transferred to RAO UES, with the exception of any assets related to nuclear energy. In total, RAO UES owned more than 70 of the energy companies an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Republics Of Russia
The republics of Russia are 22 territories in the Russia, Russian Federation that each constitute a federal subjects of Russia, federal subject, the highest-level administrative division of Russian territory. They are one of several types of federal subject in Russia. The republics were originally created as nation states for ethnic minorities. The indigenous ethnic group that gives its name to the republic is referred to as the ''titular nationality''. However, due to centuries of Russian migration, each nationality is not necessarily a majority of a republic's population. Formed in the early 20th century by Vladimir Lenin and the Bolsheviks after the collapse of the Russian Empire in 1917, republics were meant to be nominally independent regions of Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, Soviet Russia with the right to self-determination. Lenin's conciliatory stance towards Russia's minorities made them allies in the Russian Civil War and with the creation of the Soviet ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Valery Makharadze
Valery Antonovich Makharadze (russian: Валерий Антонович Махарадзе; 1940–2008) was a politician in Russia who held a number of senior posts during the presidency of Boris Yeltsin, including deputy prime minister. He was removed from the latter office with the dissolution of the cabinet of Boris Yeltsin and Yegor Gaidar and the creation of Viktor Chernomyrdin's first cabinet. Career in government Under the USSR, Makharadze served as the chairman of the Volgograd Oblast soviet. Friedgut (1994), p. 254 In 1991, Makharadze's role was to manage the relations between the federal government and the various regional administrations of Russia, as a member of Boris Yeltsin's team. He was also involved in removing former Communist officials for suspected corruption as the Yeltsin administration's chief inspector, including what was referred to as "''nomenklatura'' privatization." In March 1992 he was appointed as one of the Deputy Prime Ministers in Yelts ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Federation Treaty
The Treaty of Federation (russian: Федеративный договор, Federativny dogovor) was a treaty signed on 31 March 1992 in Moscow between the Russian government and 86 of 89 federal subjects of Russia. The Treaty of Federation refers to three documents of the same content, signed by representatives of the #republics (mentioned as "sovereign republics"), #krais, oblasts, cities of Moscow and Saint Petersburg, # autonomous oblasts and autonomous okrugs, and the Russian Federation. It was approved by the 6th Congress of People's Deputies of Russia on 10 April 1992. The provisions of the Treaty were included in the Constitution of 1978, introducing the basic principles of federalism in Russia. The objective of the treaty was to prevent ethnic separatist movements from disintegrating the newly independent Russian Federation, as had happened to the Soviet Union. The autonomous regions agreed to remain part of Russia in return for a greater autonomy and a larger sha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kremlin
The Kremlin ( rus, Московский Кремль, r=Moskovskiy Kreml', p=ˈmɐˈskofskʲɪj krʲemlʲ, t=Moscow Kremlin) is a fortified complex in the center of Moscow founded by the Rurik dynasty, Rurik dynasty. It is the best known of the Kremlin (fortification), kremlins (Russian citadels), and includes five palaces, four cathedrals, and the enclosing Kremlin Wall with Kremlin towers. In addition, within this complex is the Grand Kremlin Palace that was formerly the Tsar's Moscow residence. The complex now serves as the official residence of the President of Russia, President of the Russian Federation and as a Moscow Kremlin Museums, museum with almost 3 million visitors in 2017. The Kremlin overlooks the Moskva River to the south, Saint Basil's Cathedral and Red Square to the east, and the Alexander Garden to the west. The name "''Kremlin''" means "fortress inside a city", and is often also used metonymically to refer to the Government of Russia, government of the Russi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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