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Yugoslav Braille
Yugoslav Braille is a family of closely related braille alphabets used for South Slavic languages of former Yugoslavia, namely Serbo-Croatian, Slovene and Macedonian. It is based on the unified international braille conventions, with the letters corresponding to their Latin transliterations. Alphabet Punctuation Serbian and Croatian Braille differ in quotation marks, brackets, and in the period/full stop vs. apostrophe.The Croatian apostrophe is unusual by international standards, and it is possible the period and apostrophe were swapped in a copy error by Unesco (2013) and copied from them to other sources. Croatian Wikipedia The Croatian Wikipedia ( hr, Wikipedija na hrvatskome jeziku) is the Croatian version of Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, started on February 16, 2003. This version has articles and a total of edits have been made (live count). It has regis ... gives for the period and for parentheses, both agreeing with Serbian Braille. There is less p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Serbo-Croatian
Serbo-Croatian () – also called Serbo-Croat (), Serbo-Croat-Bosnian (SCB), Bosnian-Croatian-Serbian (BCS), and Bosnian-Croatian-Montenegrin-Serbian (BCMS) – is a South Slavic language and the primary language of Serbia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Montenegro. It is a pluricentric language with four mutually intelligible standard varieties, namely Serbian, Croatian, Bosnian, and Montenegrin. South Slavic languages historically formed a continuum. The turbulent history of the area, particularly due to expansion of the Ottoman Empire, resulted in a patchwork of dialectal and religious differences. Due to population migrations, Shtokavian became the most widespread dialect in the western Balkans, intruding westwards into the area previously occupied by Chakavian and Kajkavian (which further blend into Slovenian in the northwest). Bosniaks, Croats and Serbs differ in religion and were historically often part of different cultural circles, although a large par ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Transliteration
Transliteration is a type of conversion of a text from one script to another that involves swapping letters (thus ''trans-'' + '' liter-'') in predictable ways, such as Greek → , Cyrillic → , Greek → the digraph , Armenian → or Latin → . For instance, for the Modern Greek term "", which is usually translated as " Hellenic Republic", the usual transliteration to Latin script is , and the name for Russia in Cyrillic script, "", is usually transliterated as . Transliteration is not primarily concerned with representing the sounds of the original but rather with representing the characters, ideally accurately and unambiguously. Thus, in the Greek above example, is transliterated though it is pronounced , is transliterated though pronounced , and is transliterated , though it is pronounced (exactly like ) and is not long. Transcription, conversely, seeks to capture sound rather than spelling; "" corresponds to in the International Phonetic Alphabet. While ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Serbian Language
Serbian (, ) is the standardized variety of the Serbo-Croatian language mainly used by Serbs. It is the official and national language of Serbia, one of the three official languages of Bosnia and Herzegovina and co-official in Montenegro and Kosovo. It is a recognized minority language in Croatia, North Macedonia, Romania, Hungary, Slovakia, and the Czech Republic. Standard Serbian is based on the most widespread dialect of Serbo-Croatian, Shtokavian (more specifically on the dialects of Šumadija-Vojvodina and Eastern Herzegovina), which is also the basis of standard Croatian, Bosnian, and Montenegrin varieties and therefore the Declaration on the Common Language of Croats, Bosniaks, Serbs, and Montenegrins was issued in 2017. The other dialect spoken by Serbs is Torlakian in southeastern Serbia, which is transitional to Macedonian and Bulgarian. Serbian is practically the only European standard language whose speakers are fully functionally digraphic, using both C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lower Case
Letter case is the distinction between the letters that are in larger uppercase or capitals (or more formally ''majuscule'') and smaller lowercase (or more formally ''minuscule'') in the written representation of certain languages. The writing systems that distinguish between the upper and lowercase have two parallel sets of letters, with each letter in one set usually having an equivalent in the other set. The two case variants are alternative representations of the same letter: they have the same name and pronunciation and are treated identically when sorting in alphabetical order. Letter case is generally applied in a mixed-case fashion, with both upper and lowercase letters appearing in a given piece of text for legibility. The choice of case is often prescribed by the grammar of a language or by the conventions of a particular discipline. In orthography, the uppercase is primarily reserved for special purposes, such as the first letter of a sentence or of a proper noun ( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nj (digraph)
NJ (nj in lower case) is a letter present in South Slavic languages such as the Latin-alphabet version of Serbo-Croatian and in romanised Macedonian. It is also used in the Albanian alphabet. In all of these languages, it represents the palatal nasal . It is pronounced as Dom Pérignon. For example, the Croatian, Bosnian and Serbian word ''konj'' is pronounced . In Serbo-Croatian, the digraph is treated as a single letter, and therefore it has its own place in the alphabet, takes up only one space in crossword puzzles and is written in line in vertical text. However, it does not have its own key in standard computer keyboards as it is almost never represented by a single character. Other letters and digraphs of the Latin alphabet used for spelling this sound are '' ń'' (in Polish), '' ň'' (in Czech and Slovak), '' ñ'' (in Spanish), '' nh'' (in Portuguese and Occitan), '' gn'' (in French and Italian), and '' ny'' (in Hungarian, among others). The Cyrillic alphabet al ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
LJ (digraph)
Lj (lj in lower case) is a letter present in some Slavic languages, such as the Latin version of Serbo-Croatian and in romanised Macedonian, where it represents a palatal lateral approximant . For example, the word ' is pronounced . Most languages containing the letter in the alphabet are phonemic, which means that every symbol represents one sound, and is always pronounced the same way. In this case, joining the letters '' L'' and '' J'' creates a new letter or a sound. The digraph is treated as a single letter, and therefore it has its own place in the alphabet, takes up only one space in crossword puzzles and is written in line in vertical text. However, it is not found on standard computer keyboards. Like its Latin counterpart, the Cyrillic alphabet has a specific symbol for the same sound: Љ. In sentence case, only ''L'' is capitalized. The same sound appears in Italian spelled with , in some variants of Spanish and Catalan as , in Portuguese as , in some Hungarian dia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
о (Cyrillic)
O (О о; italics: ) is a letter of the Cyrillic script. O commonly represents the close-mid back rounded vowel , like the pronunciation of in Scottish English "go". History The Cyrillic letter O was derived from the Greek letter Omicron (Ο ο). Form Modern fonts In modern-style typefaces, the Cyrillic letter O looks exactly like the Latin letter O and the Greek letter Omicron . Church Slavonic printed fonts and Slavonic manuscripts Historical typefaces (like ''poluustav'' (semi-uncial), a standard font style for the Church Slavonic typography) and old manuscripts represent several additional glyph variants of Cyrillic O, both for decorative and orthographic (sometimes also "hieroglyphic") purposes, namely: * broad variant (Ѻ/ѻ), used mostly as a word initial letter (see Broad On for more details); * narrow variant, being used now in Synodal Church Slavonic editions as the first element of digraph Oy/oy (see Uk (Cyrillic) for more details), and in the editions ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
е (Cyrillic)
Ye, Je, or Ie (Е е; italics: ) is a letter of the Cyrillic script. In some languages this letter is called E. It looks like another version of E (Cyrillic). It commonly represents the vowel or , like the pronunciation of in "yes". Ye is romanized using the Latin letter E for Bulgarian, Serbian, Macedonian, Ukrainian and Rusyn, and occasionally Russian (Озеро Байкал, Ozero Baykal), Je for Belarusian (Заслаўе, Zaslaŭje), Ye for Russian (Европа, Yevropa), and Ie occasionally for Russian (Днепр, Dniepr) and Belarusian (Маладзе́чна, Maladziečna). It was derived from the Greek letter epsilon (Ε ε). Usage Russian and Belarusian *At the beginning of a word or after a vowel, Ye represents the phonemic combination (phonetically or ), like the pronunciation of in "yes". Ukrainian uses the letter (see Ukrainian Ye) in this way. *Following a consonant, Ye indicates that the consonant is palatalized, and represents the vowel (ph ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
а (Cyrillic)
А (А а; italics: ) is a letter of the Cyrillic script. It commonly represents an open central unrounded vowel , halfway between the pronunciation of in "cat" and "father". The Cyrillic letter А is romanized using the Latin letter A. History The Cyrillic letter А was derived directly from the Greek letter Alpha (). In the Early Cyrillic alphabet its name was (azǔ), meaning "I". In the Cyrillic numeral system, the Cyrillic letter А has a value of 1. Form Throughout history, the Cyrillic letter А has had various shapes, but today is standardised on one that looks exactly like the Latin letter A, including the italic and lower case forms. Usage In most languages that use the Cyrillic alphabet – such as Bulgarian, Ukrainian, Belarusian, Russian, Rusyn, Serbian, Macedonian and Montenegrin – the Cyrillic letter А represents the open central unrounded vowel . In Ingush and Chechen the Cyrillic letter А represents both the open back unrounded vowel an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Latin Alphabet
The Latin alphabet or Roman alphabet is the collection of letters originally used by the ancient Romans to write the Latin language. Largely unaltered with the exception of extensions (such as diacritics), it used to write English and the other modern European languages. With modifications, it is also used for other alphabets, such as the Vietnamese alphabet. Its modern repertoire is standardised as the ISO basic Latin alphabet. Etymology The term ''Latin alphabet'' may refer to either the alphabet used to write Latin (as described in this article) or other alphabets based on the Latin script, which is the basic set of letters common to the various alphabets descended from the classical Latin alphabet, such as the English alphabet. These Latin-script alphabets may discard letters, like the Rotokas alphabet, or add new letters, like the Danish and Norwegian alphabets. Letter shapes have evolved over the centuries, including the development in Medieval Latin of lower-c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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