|
Yao's Test
In cryptography and the theory of computation, Yao's test is a test defined by Andrew Chi-Chih Yao in 1982,Andrew Chi-Chih YaoTheory and applications of trapdoor functions In Proceedings of the 23rd IEEE Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science, 1982. against pseudo-random sequences. A sequence of words passes Yao's test if an attacker with reasonable computational power cannot distinguish it from a sequence generated uniformly at random. Formal statement Boolean circuits Let P be a polynomial, and S=\_k be a collection of sets S_k of P(k)-bit long sequences, and for each k, let \mu_k be a probability distribution on S_k, and P_C be a polynomial. A predicting collection C=\ is a collection of boolean circuits of size less than P_C(k). Let p_^C be the probability that on input s, a string randomly selected in S_k with probability \mu(s), C_k(s)=1, i.e. p_^C= s\in S_k\text\mu_k(s)/math> Moreover, let p_^C be the probability that C_k(s)=1 on input s a P(k)-bit long sequenc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cryptography
Cryptography, or cryptology (from grc, , translit=kryptós "hidden, secret"; and ''graphein'', "to write", or ''-logia'', "study", respectively), is the practice and study of techniques for secure communication in the presence of adversarial behavior. More generally, cryptography is about constructing and analyzing protocols that prevent third parties or the public from reading private messages. Modern cryptography exists at the intersection of the disciplines of mathematics, computer science, information security, electrical engineering, digital signal processing, physics, and others. Core concepts related to information security ( data confidentiality, data integrity, authentication, and non-repudiation) are also central to cryptography. Practical applications of cryptography include electronic commerce, chip-based payment cards, digital currencies, computer passwords, and military communications. Cryptography prior to the modern age was effectively synonymo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
