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XKL
XKL, LLC, is an American company that develops optical transport networking technologies. See Optical Transport Network. Founded in 1991 and based in Redmond, Washington, XKL is led by Cisco Systems co-founder Len Bosack. History of XKL In its earliest days XKL developed, and in 1995 introduced, the TOAD-1, a compact, modern replacement for PDP-10 systems, mainframe computer systems that had gone out of production. Products Current Products Products include transponder, muxponder, mux/demux ( multiplexing/demultiplexing) and (optical) amplifier models. DarkStar DQT10 Transponder Supports 12, 24 or 36 10G channels. DarkStar DQT100 Transponder Aggregates up to 96 100G channels onto a single pair of fibers. DarkStar DQT400 Transponder Aggregates up to 48 100G / 400G channels DarkStar DQM100 Muxponder Aggregates up to 12 100G channels via statistical multiplexing. DarkStar DQM10 Muxponder Aggregates up to 36 10G channels. DarkStar DSM10-10 Muxponder Aggregates up to 100G s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
XKL Toad 1
XKL, LLC, is an American company that develops optical transport networking technologies. See Optical Transport Network. Founded in 1991 and based in Redmond, Washington, XKL is led by Cisco Systems co-founder Len Bosack. History of XKL In its earliest days XKL developed, and in 1995 introduced, the TOAD-1, a compact, modern replacement for PDP-10 systems, mainframe computer systems that had gone out of production. Products Current Products Products include transponder, muxponder, mux/demux ( multiplexing/demultiplexing) and (optical) amplifier models. DarkStar DQT10 Transponder Supports 12, 24 or 36 10G channels. DarkStar DQT100 Transponder Aggregates up to 96 100G channels onto a single pair of fibers. DarkStar DQT400 Transponder Aggregates up to 48 100G / 400G channels DarkStar DQM100 Muxponder Aggregates up to 12 100G channels via statistical multiplexing. DarkStar DQM10 Muxponder Aggregates up to 36 10G channels. DarkStar DSM10-10 Muxponder Aggregates up to 100G s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
XKL TOAD 2
XKL, LLC, is an American company that develops optical transport networking technologies. See Optical Transport Network. Founded in 1991 and based in Redmond, Washington, XKL is led by Cisco Systems co-founder Len Bosack. History of XKL In its earliest days XKL developed, and in 1995 introduced, the TOAD-1, a compact, modern replacement for PDP-10 systems, mainframe computer systems that had gone out of production. Products Current Products Products include transponder, muxponder, mux/demux ( multiplexing/demultiplexing) and (optical) amplifier models. DarkStar DQT10 Transponder Supports 12, 24 or 36 10G channels. DarkStar DQT100 Transponder Aggregates up to 96 100G channels onto a single pair of fibers. DarkStar DQT400 Transponder Aggregates up to 48 100G / 400G channels DarkStar DQM100 Muxponder Aggregates up to 12 100G channels via statistical multiplexing. DarkStar DQM10 Muxponder Aggregates up to 36 10G channels. DarkStar DSM10-10 Muxponder Aggregates up to 100G s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
XKL TOAD2 Logo
XKL, LLC, is an American company that develops optical transport networking technologies. See Optical Transport Network. Founded in 1991 and based in Redmond, Washington, XKL is led by Cisco Systems co-founder Len Bosack. History of XKL In its earliest days XKL developed, and in 1995 introduced, the TOAD-1, a compact, modern replacement for PDP-10 systems, mainframe computer systems that had gone out of production. Products Current Products Products include transponder, muxponder, mux/demux ( multiplexing/demultiplexing) and (optical) amplifier models. DarkStar DQT10 Transponder Supports 12, 24 or 36 10G channels. DarkStar DQT100 Transponder Aggregates up to 96 100G channels onto a single pair of fibers. DarkStar DQT400 Transponder Aggregates up to 48 100G / 400G channels DarkStar DQM100 Muxponder Aggregates up to 12 100G channels via statistical multiplexing. DarkStar DQM10 Muxponder Aggregates up to 36 10G channels. DarkStar DSM10-10 Muxponder Aggregates up to 100G s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Len Bosack
Leonard X. Bosack (born 1952) is a co-founder of Cisco Systems, an American-based multinational corporation that designs and sells consumer electronics, networking and communications technology, and services. His net worth is approximately $200 million. "Computer Entrepreneur Award" . . Accessed December 30, 2010. He was awarded the in 2009 for co-founding Cisco Systems and pioneering and advancing the commercialization of routing technology and the profound changes this technology ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Systems Concepts
Systems Concepts, Inc. (now the SC Group), was a company co-founded by Stewart Nelson and Mike Levitt focused on making hardware products related to the DEC PDP-10 series of computers. One of its major products was the SA-10, an interface which allowed PDP-10s to be connected to disk and tape drives designed for use with the channel interfaces of IBM mainframes. Later, Systems Concepts attempted to produce a compatible replacement for the DEC PDP-10 computers. "Mars" was the code name for a family of PDP-10-compatible computers built by Systems Concepts, including the initial SC-30M, the smaller SC-25, and the slower SC-20. These machines were marvels of engineering design; although not much slower than the unique Foonly F-1, they were physically smaller and consumed less power than the much slower DEC KS10 or Foonly F-2, F-3, or F-4 machines. They were also completely compatible with the DEC KL10, and ran all KL10 binaries (including the operating system) with no modificatio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Foonly
Foonly Inc. was an American computer company formed by Dave Poole in 1976, that produced a series of ''DEC PDP-10'' compatible mainframe computers, named ''Foonly F1'' to ''Foonly F5''. The first and most famous Foonly machine, the ''F1'', was the computer used by Triple-I to create some of the computer-generated imagery in the 1982 film ''Tron''. History At the beginning of the 1970s, the Stanford Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (SAIL) began to study the building of a new computer to replace their ''DEC PDP-10 KA-10'', by a far more powerful machine, with a funding from Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA). This project was named "''Super-Foonly''", and was developed by a team led by Phil Petit, Jack Holloway, and Dave Poole. The name itself came from FOO NLI, an error message emitted by a PDP-10 assembler at SAIL meaning "FOO is Not a Legal Identifier". In 1974, DARPA cut the funding, and a large part of the team went to DEC to develop the ''PDP-10 model KL10'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
TOPS-20
The TOPS-20 operating system by Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) is a proprietary OS used on some of DEC's 36-bit mainframe computers. The Hardware Reference Manual was described as for "DECsystem-10/DECSYSTEM-20 Processor" (meaning the DEC PDP-10 and the DECSYSTEM-20). TOPS-20 began in 1969 as the TENEX operating system of Bolt, Beranek and Newman (BBN) and shipped as a product by DEC starting in 1976. TOPS-20 is almost entirely unrelated to the similarly named TOPS-10, but it was shipped with the PA1050 TOPS-10 Monitor Calls emulation facility which allowed most, but not all, TOPS-10 executables to run unchanged. As a matter of policy, DEC did not update PA1050 to support later TOPS-10 additions except where required by DEC software. TOPS-20 competed with TOPS-10, ITS and WAITS—all of which were notable time-sharing systems for the PDP-10 during this timeframe. TENEX TOPS-20 was based upon the TENEX operating system, which had been created by Bolt Beranek and Newman ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
PDP-10
Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC)'s PDP-10, later marketed as the DECsystem-10, is a mainframe computer family manufactured beginning in 1966 and discontinued in 1983. 1970s models and beyond were marketed under the DECsystem-10 name, especially as the TOPS-10 operating system became widely used. The PDP-10's architecture is almost identical to that of DEC's earlier PDP-6, sharing the same 36-bit word length and slightly extending the instruction set (but with improved hardware implementation). Some aspects of the instruction set are unusual, most notably the ''byte'' instructions, which operate on bit fields of any size from 1 to 36 bits inclusive, according to the general definition of a byte as ''a contiguous sequence of a fixed number of bits''. The PDP-10 was found in many university computing facilities and research labs during the 1970s, the most notable being Harvard University's Aiken Computation Laboratory, MIT's AI Lab and Project MAC, Stanford's SAIL, Computer ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Telecommunications
Telecommunication is the transmission of information by various types of technologies over wire, radio, optical, or other electromagnetic systems. It has its origin in the desire of humans for communication over a distance greater than that feasible with the human voice, but with a similar scale of expediency; thus, slow systems (such as postal mail) are excluded from the field. The transmission media in telecommunication have evolved through numerous stages of technology, from beacons and other visual signals (such as smoke signals, semaphore telegraphs, signal flags, and optical heliographs), to electrical cable and electromagnetic radiation, including light. Such transmission paths are often divided into communication channels, which afford the advantages of multiplexing multiple concurrent communication sessions. ''Telecommunication'' is often used in its plural form. Other examples of pre-modern long-distance communication included audio messages, such as coded drumb ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bandwidth (computing)
In computing, bandwidth is the maximum rate of data transfer across a given path. Bandwidth may be characterized as network bandwidth, data bandwidth, or digital bandwidth. This definition of ''bandwidth'' is in contrast to the field of signal processing, wireless communications, modem data transmission, digital communications, and electronics, in which ''bandwidth'' is used to refer to analog signal bandwidth measured in hertz, meaning the frequency range between lowest and highest attainable frequency while meeting a well-defined impairment level in signal power. The actual bit rate that can be achieved depends not only on the signal bandwidth but also on the noise on the channel. Network capacity The term ''bandwidth'' sometimes defines the net bit rate 'peak bit rate', 'information rate,' or physical layer 'useful bit rate', channel capacity, or the maximum throughput of a logical or physical communication path in a digital communication system. For example, bandwidth test ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Footnotes
A note is a string of text placed at the bottom of a page in a book or document or at the end of a chapter, volume, or the whole text. The note can provide an author's comments on the main text or citations of a reference work in support of the text. Footnotes are notes at the foot of the page while endnotes are collected under a separate heading at the end of a chapter, volume, or entire work. Unlike footnotes, endnotes have the advantage of not affecting the layout of the main text, but may cause inconvenience to readers who have to move back and forth between the main text and the endnotes. In some editions of the Bible, notes are placed in a narrow column in the middle of each page between two columns of biblical text. Numbering and symbols In English, a footnote or endnote is normally flagged by a superscripted number immediately following that portion of the text the note references, each such footnote being numbered sequentially. Occasionally, a number between brack ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bus (computing)
In computer architecture, a bus (shortened form of the Latin '' omnibus'', and historically also called data highway or databus) is a communication system that transfers data between components inside a computer, or between computers. This expression covers all related hardware components (wire, optical fiber, etc.) and software, including communication protocols. Early computer buses were parallel electrical wires with multiple hardware connections, but the term is now used for any physical arrangement that provides the same logical function as a parallel electrical busbar. Modern computer buses can use both parallel and bit serial connections, and can be wired in either a multidrop (electrical parallel) or daisy chain topology, or connected by switched hubs, as in the case of Universal Serial Bus (USB). Background and nomenclature Computer systems generally consist of three main parts: * The central processing unit (CPU) that processes data, * The memory that holds the p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
