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Women In The Czech Republic
The Czech Republic provides a wide variety of civil rights to female citizens and Czech women have a long history of actively participating in Czech society. However, women in the Czech Republic continue to experience gender discrimination, particularly in the workforce and political arena. Right to Vote Women have possessed the right to vote in modern-day Czechia since its creation, although Czech women were involved in earlier suffrage movements in the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Women were given the right to vote in Czechoslovakia in 1920 with the passage of the Constitution by the National Assembly of Czechoslovakia. This right was promised earlier in 1918 in the " Washington Declaration" written by Tomáš Masaryk, the first president of Czechoslovakia. This decision followed a suffrage movement within Austria-Hungary with prominent Czech suffragists including Františka Plamínková, Marie Tůmová, and Charlotte Garrigue Masaryk. The Czech suffrage movement was strongly ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Employment Rate
The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development defines the employment rate as the employment-to-population ratio. This is a statistical ratio that measures the proportion of a country's working age population (statistics are often given for ages 15 to 64) that is employed. This includes people that have stopped looking for work.Employment/Population Ratios for the 50 Largest Metropolitan Statistical Areas: 2008, 2009, and 2010. (2011, September). Retrieved December 10, 2012, from United States Census Bureau website: https://www.census.gov/prod/2011pubs/ acsbr10-09.pdf The International Labour Organization states that a person is considered employed if they have worked at least 1 hour in "gainful" employment in the most recent week. The employment-to-population ratio is usually calculated and reported periodically for the economy by the national agency of statistics. It is usually calculated by using a survey data collection and the answers of certa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Total Fertility Rate
The total fertility rate (TFR) of a population is the average number of children that would be born to a woman over her lifetime if: # she were to experience the exact current age-specific fertility rates (ASFRs) through her lifetime # she were to live from birth until the end of her reproductive life. It is obtained by summing the single-year age-specific rates at a given time. As of 2021, the total fertility rate varied from 0.81 in South Korea to 6.91 in Niger. Fertility tends to be correlated with the level of economic development. Historically, developed countries usually have a significantly lower fertility rate, generally correlated with greater wealth, education, urbanization, and other factors. Conversely, in undeveloped countries, fertility rates tend to be higher. Families desire children for their labor and as caregivers for their parents in old age. Fertility rates are also higher due to the lack of access to contraceptives, stricter adherence to traditional relig ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Markéta Pekarová Adamová
Markéta Pekarová Adamová (born 2 October 1984) is a Czech politician who is the Speaker of the Chamber of Deputies since 2021 and leader of TOP 09 since 2019. She graduated with a bachelor's degree from the Faculty of Arts, Charles University in Prague in 2008, and an engineer title from the Czech Technical University in Prague in 2011. She has been a member of the Chamber of Deputies since 2013. She defeated Tomáš Czernin in a TOP 09 leadership election on 24 November 2019, with 53% of the votes. During the parliamentary elections campaigne she was one of three leaders of the three-party Spolu coalition, along with Petr Fiala (ODS) and Marian Jurečka Marian Jurečka (born 15 March 1981) is a Czech politician, serving as Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Labour and Social Affairs in Petr Fiala's Cabinet since 17 December 2021. He was previously appointed as the Minister of Agriculture in ... (KDU-ČSL). On 10 November 2021 she was elected President of the Cham ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
European Institute For Gender Equality
The European Institute for Gender Equality (EIGE) is a European Union-initiated body dedicated exclusively to gender equality. In accordance to Regulation (EC) the institute was founded on 20 December 2006. The staff of the institute was recruited in 2007 at the European coordinating body in Vilnius. Since the beginning, the institution has difficulties to balance the democratic deficit, in the context of the issue of equality between women and men. From the very beginning equality is one of the principles of the EU. Nevertheless, there is an existing gender gap in the levels of participation, payment and benefits of women in comparison to men in the EU. Tasks The task of EIGE is to collect, analyze and spread data on the equality between women and men. The provision of facts ensures that gender equality is promoted. They rather help institutions and Member States of the European Union (EU) to realize the equality and to combat gender-based discrimination as sexism, disadvantage ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Parliament Of The Czech Republic
The Parliament of the Czech Republic ( cs, Parlament České republiky) or just Parliament ( cs, Parlament) is the legislative body of the Czech Republic, seated in Malá Strana, Prague. It consists of two chambers, both elected in direct elections: * the Lower House: Chamber of Deputies * the Upper House: Senate Art. 15 of the Constitution stipulates its name as the "Parliament". The Parliament exercises competences usual in parliamentary systems: it holds and passes bills, has the right to modify the Constitution, ratifies international agreements; if necessary, it declares war, approves presence of foreign military forces in the Czech Republic or a dispatch of Czech military forces abroad. History The tradition of modern parliamentarianism in the Bohemian lands dates back to times of the Austrian Empire (and then Cisleithanian part of Austria-Hungary), where the Imperial Council (''Reichsrat'', ''Říšská rada'') was created in 1861. After proclamation of Czechoslo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ministry Of Defence (Czech Republic)
The Ministry of Defence of the Czech Republic ( cs, Ministerstvo obrany České republiky, MO ČR) is the primary agency of the Czech Republic responsible for the planning and carrying-out of defense policy. It is the Czech Republic's ministry of defence. It is the direct successor of the Czechoslovak Ministry of Defence. Its current headquarters is located in Prague. The current Minister of Defence is Jana Černochová, in office since 17 December 2021. List of Ministers *Antonín Baudyš (2 July 1992 – 21 September 1994) *Vilém Holáň (22 September 1994 – 4 July 1996) * Miloslav Výborný (4 July 1996 – 2 January 1998) *Michal Lobkowicz (2 January 1998 – 22 July 1998) * Vladimír Vetchý (22 July 1998 – 4 May 2001) *Jaroslav Tvrdík (4 May 2001 – 9 June 2003) * Miroslav Kostelka (9 July 2003 – 4 August 2004) *Karel Kühnl (4 August 2004 – 4 September 2006) *Jiří Šedivý (4 September 2006 – 9 January 2007) *Vlasta Parkanová (9 January 2007 – 8 May 2009 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jana Černochová
Jana Černochová (born 26 October 1973) is a Czech politician, serving as Czech Minister of Defence in the Cabinet of Petr Fiala since December 2021. She has been a member of the Czech parliament since 2010, representing the Civic Democratic Party (ODS). Biography Černochová graduated from high school in 1992 and began working in a bank. She later studied international relations at the Metropolitan University Prague. Political career After joining ODS in 1997, Černochová became active in municipal politics and became Mayor of Prague 2. She became a member of parliament in 2010. Following the 2017 elections, she became the chair of the Chamber of Deputies' defence committee. In December 2021, she was named Minister of Defence in the Cabinet of Petr Fiala. A few days later Černochová resigned as Mayor of Prague 2 and was replaced by Alexandra Udženija. Political views Černochová is a supporter of gun rights. She is a concealed carry license Concealed carry, or ca ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Petr Fiala's Cabinet
The Cabinet of Petr Fiala is the current government of the Czech Republic, appointed on 17 December 2021. Following elections in October 2021, President Miloš Zeman Miloš Zeman (; born 28 September 1944) is a Czech politician serving as the third and current President of the Czech Republic since 2013. He previously served as the Prime Minister of the Czech Republic from 1998 to 2002. As leader of the Czec ... asked Petr Fiala, as the leader of the Spolu alliance, to form a new government. On 17 November 2021 Fiala presented Zeman with the names of his proposed cabinet, and Zeman agreed to appoint Fiala as the new Prime Minister on 28 November 2021. Zeman met with all the ministerial nominees during the week following Fiala's appointment, expressing disagreement with the appointment of Jan Lipavský as foreign minister. Government ministers The cabinet of Petr Fiala includes: Seat distribution Popular mandate Support for governing parties according to the popula ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prime Minister Of The Czech Republic
The prime minister of the Czech Republic (Czech: ''Předseda vlády České republiky'') is the head of the government of the Czech Republic. The prime minister is the de-facto leader of the executive branch, chairs the Cabinet and selects its ministers. The prime minister is selected by the president and stays in office only as long as they retain and command the support of a majority of members of the Chamber of Deputies. As such, the prime minister is usually the leader of the largest party or a coalition in the Chamber of Deputies. The current prime minister, Petr Fiala, leader of the ODS, was appointed by President Miloš Zeman on 28 November 2021, following the 2021 Czech legislative election and serves as 13th person in the office. Powers and role Since the Czech Republic is a parliamentary republic, the prime minister and their government are accountable to the Chamber of Deputies of the Parliament. The Czech constitution provides that upon the accession to the of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
President Of The Czech Republic
The president of the Czech Republic is the head of state of the Czech Republic and the commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces of the Czech Republic. The president mostly has ceremonial powers as the day-to-day business of the executive government is placed within the prime minister, and since many of the president's actions require prime ministerial approval the ultimate responsibility for the president's conduct lies with the government. However, the president is solely responsible for appointing the prime minister, the Cabinet ministers, as well as the members of the Czech National Bank, and nominating justices to the Constitutional Court, who are subject to Senate approval, among others. The current president, Miloš Zeman, assumed the office on 8 March 2013. He was re-elected in 2018. Powers The framers of the Constitution of the Czech Republic intended to set up a parliamentary system, with the prime minister as the country's leading political figure and the de facto chi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gender Pay Gap
The gender pay gap or gender wage gap is the average difference between the remuneration for men and women who are working. Women are generally found to be paid less than men. There are two distinct numbers regarding the pay gap: non-adjusted versus adjusted pay gap. The latter typically takes into account differences in hours worked, occupations chosen, education and job experience. In the United States, for example, the non-adjusted average woman's annual salary is 79% of the average man's salary, compared to 95% for the adjusted average salary. The reasons link to legal, social and economic factors, and extend beyond "equal pay for equal work". The social factors include topics such as discrimination based on gender, the motherhood penalty vs. fatherhood bonus, parental leave, and gender norms. Additionally, the consequences of the gender pay gap surpass individual grievances, leading to reduced economic output, lower pensions for women, and fewer learning opportunities. Th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sex Segregation
Sex segregation, sex separation, gender segregation or gender separation is the physical, legal, or cultural separation of people according to their biological sex. Sex segregation can refer simply to the physical and spatial separation by sex without any connotation of illegal discrimination. In other circumstances, sex segregation can be controversial. Depending on the circumstances, it can be a violation of capabilities and human rights and can create economic inefficiencies; on the other hand, some supporters argue that it is central to certain religious laws and social and cultural histories and traditions.The World Bank. 2012. "Gender Equality and Development: World Development Report 2012." Washington, D.C: The World Bank. Definitions The term "sex" in "sex segregation" refers to the biological distinctions between men and women, used in contrast to "gender".Cohen, David S. 2010. "The Stubborn Persistence of Sex Segregation." ''Columbia Journal of Gender and Law'' for ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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