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Women In Mexico
The status of women in Mexico has changed significantly over time. Until the twentieth century, Mexico was an overwhelmingly rural country, with rural women's status defined within the context of the family and local community. With urbanization beginning in the sixteenth century, following the Spanish conquest of the Aztec empire, cities have provided economic and social opportunities not possible within rural villages. Roman Catholicism in Mexico has shaped societal attitudes about women's social role, emphasizing the role of women as nurturers of the family, with the Virgin Mary as a model. Marianismo has been an ideal, with women's role as being within the family under the authority of men. In the twentieth century, Mexican women made great strides towards a more equal legal and social status. In 1953 women in Mexico were granted the right to vote in national elections. Urban women in Mexico worked in factories, the earliest being the tobacco factories set up in major Mexican ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mexico
Mexico (Spanish: México), officially the United Mexican States, is a country in the southern portion of North America. It is bordered to the north by the United States; to the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; to the southeast by Guatemala, Belize, and the Caribbean Sea; and to the east by the Gulf of Mexico. Mexico covers ,Mexico ''''. . making it the world's 13th-largest country by are ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Castas
() is a term which means "lineage" in Spanish and Portuguese and has historically been used as a racial and social identifier. In the context of the Spanish Empire in the Americas it also refers to a now-discredited 20th-century theoretical framework which postulated that colonial society operated under a hierarchical race-based "caste system". From the outset, colonial Spanish America resulted in widespread intermarriage: unions of Spaniards (), Amerindians () and Black people (). Basic mixed-race categories that appeared in official colonial documentation were , generally offspring of a Spaniard and an indigenous person; and , offspring of a Spaniard and a black African. A plethora of terms were used for people with mixed indigenous, African, and Spanish ancestry in 18th-century casta paintings, but they are not known to have been widely used officially or unofficially in the Spanish Empire. Etymology ''Casta'' is an Iberian word (existing in Spanish, Portuguese and othe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Manuela Medina
Manuela Medina (1780-1822) was a national heroine who fought on the forefront of combat during the Mexican War of Independence. She was a Native American from Texcoco. She fought with José María Morelos José María Teclo Morelos Pérez y Pavón () (30 September 1765 – 22 December 1815) was a Mexican Catholic priest, statesman and military leader who led the Mexican War of Independence movement, assuming its leadership after the execution of ... and was not only a soldier in the army but an officer. She was the first captain of the rebel forces to lead her troops into royalist fire and succeeded against the royalist soldiers. The last of her seven battles was in early 1821 where she was wounded twice. She eventually died of these wounds in 1822. She is mentioned in Mexican elementary school textbooks issued by the Secretariat of Education (SEP) as a heroine of the independence movement.Secretaría de Educación Pública. Comisión Nacional de Libros de Texto Gratuitos. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
María Luisa Martínez De García Rojas
María Luisa Martínez de García Rojas (1780 – 1817) was an insurgent and heroine of the Mexican War of Independence. Born in Erongarícuaro, Michoacán, she was the wife of Esteban García Rojas “El Jaranero”, a member of a regionally important family involved in the production of ''jarana A jarana is a guitar-like string instrument from Mexico. There are different regional versions of the jarana, notably: * Jarana huasteca, string instrument of the Huastec region, Mexico * Jarana jarocha, string instrument of Veracruz, Mexico * Ja ...s''; both ran a small store. She joined the rebels as a spy provided reports. Her dispatches were found by authorities and she was fined and jailed several times. The last time she was imprisoned she was ordered to pay a larger fine, unable to do so, she was executed in Erongaricuaro, Michoachán in 1817. References {{DEFAULTSORT:Martinez de Garcia Rojas, Maria Luisa 1780 births 1817 deaths Women in 19th-century warfare Mexican in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gertrudis Bocanegra
María Gertrudis Teodora Bocanegra Mendoza (11 April 1765 – 11 October 1817) was a woman who fought in the Mexican War of Independence. She was arrested, tortured and executed in 1817. Life Gertrudis Bocanegra was born in Pátzcuaro in what is now the Mexican state of Michoacán, to Pedro Javier Bocanegra and Feliciana Mendoza (d. 15 November 1783). She married Lieutenant Pedro Advíncula Lazo de la Vega, a soldier in the Spanish provincial forces of Michoacán; they had six children (two sons and four daughters). Unusually for a woman of her time, Bocanegra had read the principal authors of the Age of Enlightenment. When Mexico's War of Independence began, she was quick to take sides. Her husband and eldest son joined the forces of Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla when the insurgents passed through Valladolid (now Morelia) in October 1810. Both died at the Battle of the Puente de Calderón. She then served as a messenger for the insurgents in the region of Pátzcuaro and Tacámbar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Josefa Ortiz De Domínguez
María Josefa Crescencia Ortiz Téllez–Girón, popularly known as Doña Josefa Ortiz de Domínguez or ''La Corregidora'' (8 September 1768 – 2 March 1829) was an insurgent and supporter of the Mexican War of Independence, which fought for independence against Spain, in the early 19th century. She was married to Miguel Domínguez, ''corregidor'' of the city of Querétaro, hence her nickname. Ortiz de Domínguez is commemorated annually in the annual reenactment of the Cry of Dolores. Early life Ortiz de Domínguez was the daughter of don Juan José Ortiz; a captain of ''Los Verdes'' regiment, and his wife doña Manuela Girón Ortiz was born in Valladolid (today Morelia, Michoacán). Her godmother was doña Ana María de Anaya. Ortiz's father was killed in a battle during her infancy and her mother died soon after. María Sotera Ortiz, Josefa's sister, took care of her upbringing and managed to secure a place for her in the prestigious Colegio de las Vizcaínas in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mexico City
Mexico City ( es, link=no, Ciudad de México, ; abbr.: CDMX; Nahuatl: ''Altepetl Mexico'') is the capital and largest city of Mexico, and the most populous city in North America. One of the world's alpha cities, it is located in the Valley of Mexico within the high Mexican central plateau, at an altitude of . The city has 16 boroughs or ''demarcaciones territoriales'', which are in turn divided into neighborhoods or ''colonias''. The 2020 population for the city proper was 9,209,944, with a land area of . According to the most recent definition agreed upon by the federal and state governments, the population of Greater Mexico City is 21,804,515, which makes it the sixth-largest metropolitan area in the world, the second-largest urban agglomeration in the Western Hemisphere (behind São Paulo, Brazil), and the largest Spanish language, Spanish-speaking city (city proper) in the world. Greater Mexico City has a gross domestic product, GDP of $411 billion in 2011, which makes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Army Of The Three Guarantees
At the end of the Mexican War of Independence, the Army of the Three Guarantees ( es, Ejército Trigarante or ) was the name given to the army after the unification of the Spanish troops led by Agustín de Iturbide and the Mexican insurgent troops of Vicente Guerrero, consolidating Mexico's independence from Spain. The decree creating this army appeared in the Plan de Iguala, which stated the three guarantees which it was meant to defend: religion, independence, and unity. Mexico was to be a Catholic empire, independent from Spain, and united against its enemies. History The Army of the Three Guarantees was created on February 24, 1821, and continued battling Spanish royalist forces which refused to accept Mexican independence. These battles continued until August 1821, when Iturbide and Spanish Viceroy Juan de O'Donojú signed the Treaty of Córdoba, virtually ratifying Mexico's independence. The Army was a decisive force during the Battle of Azcapotzalco. The victory in this la ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grito De Dolores
A ''grito'' or ''grito mexicano'' (, Spanish for "shout") is a common Mexican interjection, used as an expression. Characteristics This interjection is similar to the ''yahoo'' or ''yeehaw'' of the American cowboy during a hoedown, with added ululation trills and onomatopoeia closer to "aaah" or "aaaayyyyeeee", that resemble a laugh while performing it. The first sound is typically held as long as possible, leaving enough breath for a trailing set of trills. Usage The ''grito'' is sometimes used as part of the official remembrance of the Shout of Dolores, during the celebration of Mexican Independence Day. The ''grito mexicano'' has patriotic connotations. It is commonly done immediately prior to the popular Mexican war cry A battle cry or war cry is a yell or chant taken up in battle, usually by members of the same combatant group. Battle cries are not necessarily articulate (e.g. "Eulaliaaaa!", "Alala"..), although they often aim to invoke patriotic or religious ...: " ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mexican War Of Independence
The Mexican War of Independence ( es, Guerra de Independencia de México, links=no, 16 September 1810 – 27 September 1821) was an armed conflict and political process resulting in Mexico's independence from Spain. It was not a single, coherent event, but local and regional struggles that occurred within the same period, and can be considered a revolutionary civil war. Independence was not an inevitable outcome, but events in Spain directly impacted the outbreak of the armed insurgency in 1810 and its course until 1821. Napoleon Bonaparte's invasion of Spain in 1808 touched off a crisis of legitimacy of crown rule, since he had placed his brother Joseph on the Spanish throne after forcing the abdication of the Spanish monarch Charles IV. In Spain and many of its overseas possessions, the local response was to set up juntas ruling in the name of the Bourbon monarchy. Delegates in Spain and overseas territories met in Cádiz, Spain, still under Spanish control, as the Co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Josefa Ortíz
{{Disambig ...
Josefa may refer to: * 649 Josefa, a minor planet * Josefa (given name), a unisex given name See also * Josepha * José José is a predominantly Spanish and Portuguese form of the given name Joseph. While spelled alike, this name is pronounced differently in each language: Spanish ; Portuguese (or ). In French, the name ''José'', pronounced , is an old vernacul ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Juana Inés De La Cruz
''Doña'' Inés de Asbaje y Ramírez de Santillana, better known as Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz (12 November 1648 – 17 April 1695) was a Mexican writer, philosopher, composer and poet of the Baroque period, and Hieronymite nun. Her contributions to the Spanish Golden Age gained her the nicknames of "The Tenth Muse" or "The Phoenix of America"; historian Stuart Murray calls her a flame that rose from the ashes of "religious authoritarianism".Murray, Stuart (2009). The Library: An Illustrated History. Chicago: Skyhorse Publishing. . Sor Juana lived during Mexico's colonial period, making her a contributor both to early Spanish literature as well as to the broader literature of the Spanish Golden Age. Beginning her studies at a young age, Sor Juana was fluent in Latin and also wrote in Nahuatl, and became known for her philosophy in her teens. Sor Juana educated herself in her own library, which was mostly inherited from her grandfather. After joining a nunnery in 1667, Sor Ju ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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