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Women And Animal Advocacy
Women have played a central role in animal advocacy since the 19th century. The animal advocacy movement – embracing animal rights, animal welfare, and anti-vivisectionism – has been disproportionately initiated and led by women, particularly in the United Kingdom. Women are more likely to support animal rights than men.Signal, Tania; Taylor, Nicola. (2006). "Attitudes to Animals: Demographics Within a Community Sample". ''Society & Animals'', 14:2, pages 147–157. doi:10.1163/156853006776778743 A 1996 study of adolescents by Linda Pifer suggested that factors that may partially explain this discrepancy include attitudes towards feminism and science, scientific literacy, and the presence of a greater emphasis on "nurturance or compassion" amongst women. Although vegetarianism does not necessarily imply animal advocacy, a 1992 market research study conducted by the Yankelovich research organization concluded that "of the 12.4 million people n the USwho call themselve ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Animal Rights
Animal rights is the philosophy according to which many or all sentient animals have moral worth that is independent of their utility for humans, and that their most basic interests—such as avoiding suffering—should be afforded the same consideration as similar interests of human beings. Broadly speaking, and particularly in popular discourse, the term "animal rights" is often used synonymously with "animal protection" or "animal liberation". More narrowly, "animal rights" refers to the idea that many animals have fundamental rights to be treated with respect as individuals—rights to life, liberty, and freedom from torture that may not be overridden by considerations of aggregate welfare. Many advocates for animal rights oppose the assignment of moral value and fundamental protections on the basis of species membership alone. This idea, known as speciesism, is considered by them to be a prejudice as irrational as any other. They maintain that animals should no long ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mary Tealby
Mary Tealby (; 30 December 1801 – 3 October 1865) was an English animal welfare campaigner. She is noted for founding the Battersea Dogs' Home. It was founded in Holloway, London in 1860 and moved to Battersea in 1871. Life Tealby was born in Huntingdon in 1801. She gained a younger brother who like her father was named Edward. He would in time be the curate at Kelmarsh in Northamptonshire. She married, Robert Chapman Tealby, in 1829. They lived in Hull and they had no children. Whilst she was there, the first branch of the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (it became the RSPCA in 1840) was formed by a group of men. Tealby is presumed to have been a supporter. She and Robert separated and this may initially have been so that she could care for her mother in London. She died in Holloway in 1854. She kept her married name and went to live with her father and her brother. Her brother had moved his career to Clipston, Northamptonshire where he was at the school wh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anna Sewell
Anna Sewell (; 30 March 1820 – 25 April 1878)''The Oxford guide to British women writers'' by Joanne Shattock. p. 385, Oxford University Press. (1993) was an English novelist. She is known as the author of the 1877 novel ''Black Beauty'', her only published work, which is considered one of the top ten best selling novels for children, although the author intended the work for an adult audience. Sewell died only five months after ''Black Beauty''s publication, having lived long enough to see her only novel become a success. Biography Early life Sewell was born on 30 March, 1820, in Great Yarmouth, Norfolk, into a devout Quaker family. Her father was Isaac Phillip Sewell (1793–1879), and her mother, Mary Wright Sewell (1798–1884), was a successful author of children's books. She had one sibling, a younger brother named Philip. The children were largely educated at home by their mother due to a lack of money for schooling. In 1822, Isaac's business, a small shop, failed and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bands Of Mercy
Bands of Mercy were formal, locally led organizations that brought people—especially children and adolescents—together to learn about kindness to non-human animals. The Bands would also work to help animals and prevent cruelty in their area through humane education and direct action. Creation Modelled after the Band of Hope of the temperance movement, the first Bands of Mercy were created in 1875, by the philanthropist Catherine Smithies in Britain. The first Band of Mercy was formed at the house of Hannah Bevan. The movement had a periodical, ''Band of Mercy Advocate'' (1879–1934), which was originally edited by Smithies' son Thomas Bywater Smithies. In 1882, the Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (RSPCA) assumed responsibility for organizing and promoting the Band of Mercy and its publications. The Band of Mercy movement soon spread to Australia, Canada and US. Movement to North America Following the British model, George T. Angell, founder and firs ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Catherine Smithies
Catherine Smithies (; 1785 – 1877) was an English philanthropist and campaigner for animal welfare, abolitionism and temperance. She was the creator of the first Band of Mercy, which promoted teaching children kindness towards non-human animals and led to the Bands of Mercy movement. Biography In 1812, she married James Smithies at St Peter's Church, Leeds. Her son, Thomas Bywater Smithies, the second of ten children, was born in 1817. After her husband's death, she moved to London to live with Thomas at Earlham Grove House. In the 1860s, Smithies authored ''A Mother's Lessons on Kindness to Animals'', which was published in several volumes. In 1870, along with Angela Burdett-Coutts, she founded the Ladies Committee at the RSPCA. In 1875, she founded the first Band of Mercy. Smithies died in 1877; on her deathbed she stated: "the teaching of children to be kind and merciful to God's lower creatures is preparing the way for the gospel of Christ." She was buried in Abney ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
American Anti-Vivisection Society
The American Anti-Vivisection Society (AAVS) is an organization created with the goal of eliminating a number of different procedures done by medical and cosmetic groups in relation to animal cruelty in the United States. It seeks to help the betterment of animal life and human-animal interaction through legislation reform. It was the first anti-vivisection organization founded in the United States. History The American Anti-Vivisection Society was founded by Caroline Earle White in 1883 in Philadelphia. The group was inspired by Britain's recently passed Cruelty to Animals Act 1876. The Society began with the goal of regulating the use of animals in science and society. After a few years, the intention switched from regulation to the complete abolition of vivisection in scientific testing. The first two members – Caroline Earle White and Mary Frances Lowell – worked with their husbands in the Pennsylvania Society to Prevent Cruelty to Animals (PSPCA), yet felt that their c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Reading Railroad
The Reading Company ( ) was a Philadelphia-headquartered railroad that provided passenger and commercial rail transport in eastern Pennsylvania and neighboring states that operated from 1924 until its 1976 acquisition by Conrail. Commonly called the Reading Railroad, and logotyped as Reading Lines, the Reading Company was a railroad holding company for the majority of its existence and was a single railroad during its later years. It operated service as Reading Railway System and was a successor to the Philadelphia and Reading Railway Company, founded in 1833. Until the decline in anthracite loadings in the Coal Region after World War II, it was one of the most prosperous corporations in the United States. Competition with the modern trucking industry that used the interstate highway system for short-distance transportation of goods, also known as short hauls, compounded the company's problems, forcing it into bankruptcy in 1971. Its railroad operations were merged into Conrai ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pennsylvania Society For The Prevention Of Cruelty To Animals
Pennsylvania (; ( Pennsylvania Dutch: )), officially the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, is a state spanning the Mid-Atlantic, Northeastern, Appalachian, and Great Lakes regions of the United States. It borders Delaware to its southeast, Maryland to its south, West Virginia to its southwest, Ohio to its west, Lake Erie and the Canadian province of Ontario to its northwest, New York to its north, and the Delaware River and New Jersey to its east. Pennsylvania is the fifth-most populous state in the nation with over 13 million residents as of 2020. It is the 33rd-largest state by area and ranks ninth among all states in population density. The southeastern Delaware Valley metropolitan area comprises and surrounds Philadelphia, the state's largest and nation's sixth most populous city. Another 2.37 million reside in Greater Pittsburgh in the southwest, centered around Pittsburgh, the state's second-largest and Western Pennsylvania's largest city. The state's subsequent f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Caroline Earle White
Caroline White ( Earle; 1833–1916) was an American philanthropist and anti-vivisection activist. She co-founded the Pennsylvania Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (PSPCA) in 1867, founded its women's branch (WPSPCA) in 1869, and founded the American Anti-Vivisection Society (AAVS) in 1883. White was also an active clubwoman, and was involved in literary societies and women's suffrage, and worked with organizations that helped the poor obtain medical services.Buettinger, Craig"Women and antivivisection in late nineteenth century America" ''Journal of Social History'', Vol. 30, No. 4 (Summer, 1997), pp. 857-872. Background Early life and education Caroline Earle was born in Philadelphia on September 28, 1833, to Quaker parents Thomas Earle (American politician), Thomas Earle and Mary Hussey. Thomas Earle was a successful Philadelphia lawyer who was devoted to the Abolitionism in the United States, abolitionist cause and often represented both free and fugitive Afri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nina Douglas-Hamilton, Duchess Of Hamilton
Nina Mary Benita Douglas-Hamilton, Duchess of Hamilton (née Nina Mary Benita Poore; 13 May 1878 – 12 January 1951) was an English peeress and animal rights activist. Early life Douglas-Hamilton was born on 13 May 1878 in Nether Wallop, Hampshire. She was the youngest daughter of Major Robert Poore and Juliana Benita Lowry-Corry; her mother was a daughter of Rear Admiral Armar Lowry Corry. Personal life Three years after her brother, Major Robert Poore, married Flora Douglas-Hamilton, on 4 December 1901 Nina married Flora's brother Alfred Douglas-Hamilton, 13th Duke of Hamilton, at the parish church of Newton Tony, Wiltshire, not far from her parents' home at Winterslow. Together, they were the parents of four sons and three daughters: * Douglas Douglas-Hamilton, 14th Duke of Hamilton * Lady Jean Douglas-Hamilton * George Douglas-Hamilton, 10th Earl of Selkirk * Lady Margaret Douglas-Hamilton * Lord Malcolm Douglas-Hamilton * Lord David Douglas-Hamilton * Lady Mairi Nina D ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lizzy Lind Af Hageby
Emilie Augusta Louise "Lizzy" Lind af Hageby (20 September 1878 – 26 December 1963) was a Swedish-British feminist and animal rights advocate who became a prominent anti-vivisection activist in England in the early 20th century. Born to a distinguished Swedish family, Lind af Hageby and another Swedish activist enrolled at the London School of Medicine for Women in 1902 to advance their anti-vivisectionist education. The women attended vivisections at University College London, and in 1903 published their diary, ''The Shambles of Science: Extracts from the Diary of Two Students of Physiology'', which accused researchers of having vivisected a dog without adequate anaesthesia. The ensuing scandal, known as the Brown Dog affair, included a libel trial, damages for one of the researchers, and rioting in London by medical students.Coral Lansbury, ''The Old Brown Dog: Women, Workers, and Vivisection in Edwardian England'', University of Wisconsin Press, 1985, pp. 9–11. In 1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Animal Defence And Anti-Vivisection Society
The Animal Defence and Anti-Vivisection Society (ADAVS) was an animal rights advocacy organisation, co-founded in England, in 1903, by the animal rights advocates Lizzy Lind af Hageby, a Swedish-British feminist, and the English peeress Nina Douglas-Hamilton, Duchess of Hamilton.Kean, Hilda"The 'Smooth Cool Men of Science': The Feminist and Socialist Response to Vivisection" ''History Workshop Journal'', 1995, 40: 16–38. History It was based for many years at Animal Defence House, 15 St James's Place, London, and ran a 237-acre animal sanctuary at Ferne House near Shaftesbury, Dorset, an estate owned by the Duke and Duchess of Hamilton. The Animal Defence and Anti-Vivisection Society's executive council included Alice Drakoules who was a lifelong campaigner for animal welfare and a keen supporter of the society. She helped the society campaign for licensed slaughterhouses, humane slaughter and for an ended to performing animals. The society came to widespread attention d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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