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Women's Suffrage In Japan
Women's suffrage in Japan can trace its beginnings back to democratization brought about by the Meiji Restoration, with the suffrage movement rising to prominence during the Taisho period. The prohibition of women from political meetings had been abolished in 1922 after demands from women's organizations led by activists such as Hiratsuka Raichō and Ichikawa Fusae. The movement suffered heavy setbacks during and after the Great Depression, when support for democracy began to wane and military influence over civilians increased dramatically. The first election by universal suffrage without distinction of sex was held in 1946, but it was not until 1947, when the constitution for post-war Japan came into effect, that universal suffrage was established In Japan. History After the Meiji Restoration in 1868, the concept of human rights and universal suffrage began to take hold in Japan. During the late 19th century, the first proponents for women's rights advocated, not for politic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fusae Ichikawa
was a Japanese feminist, politician and a leader of the women's suffrage movement. Ichikawa was a key supporter of women's suffrage in Japan, and her activism was partially responsible for the extension of the franchise to women in 1945. Early life Born in Bisai, Aichi Prefecture in 1893, Ichikawa was raised with an emphasis on education but also as a witness to her mother's physical abuse from her father. She attended the Aichi Women's Teacher Academy with the intention of becoming a primary school teacher. Upon her relocation to Tokyo in the 1910s, however, she became exposed to the women's movement. Returning to Aichi in 1917, she became the first woman reporter with the '' Nagoya Newspaper''. In 1920 she co-founded the New Women's Association (新婦人協会, ''Shin-fujin kyokai'') together with pioneering Japanese feminist Hiratsuka Raicho. Women's suffrage The New Women's Association was the first Japanese organization formed expressly for the improvement of the st ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Overview Of Gender Inequality In Japan
Despite being a highly developed and modern society, Japan has high levels of gender inequality. In 2015, the country had a per-capita income of US$38,883, ranking 22nd of the 188 countries, and No. 18 in the Human Development Index."Human Development Reports." Human Development Reports, United Nations Development Program, 2017, hdr.undp.org/en/composite/GII. Its Gender Inequality Index rank was 19th on the 2019 report, which is relatively low for developed nations. The disparity between income and gender inequality is due to the persistence of gender norms in Japanese society. Gender-based inequality manifests in various aspects of social life in Japan, from the family to political representation, playing particular roles in employment opportunities, education, and income, and occurs largely as a result of differing gender roles in traditional and modern Japanese society. Inequality also lies within divorce and the marriage of same sex couples due to both a lack of protective d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Feminism In Japan
Feminism in Japan began with women's rights movements that date back to antiquity. The movement started to gain momentum after Western thinking was brought into Japan during the Meiji Restoration in 1868. Japanese feminism differs from Western feminism in the sense that less emphasis is on individual autonomy. Prior to the late 19th century, Japanese women were bound by the traditional patriarchal system where senior male members of the family maintain their authority in the household.Yuji Iwasawa. ''International Law, Human Rights, and Japanese Law''. p. 205. After the reforms brought by Meiji Restoration, the status of women in Japanese society also went through series of changes. Trafficking in women was restricted, women were allowed to request divorces, and both boys and girls were required to receive elementary education. Further changes to the status of women came about in the aftermath of World War II. Women received the right to vote, and a section of the new constitutio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Women In Japan
Although women in Japan were recognized as having equal legal rights to men after World War II, economic conditions for women remain unbalanced. Modern policy initiatives to encourage motherhood and workplace participation have had mixed results. Women in Japan obtained the right to vote in 1945. While Japanese women's status has steadily improved in the decades since then, traditional expectations for married women and mothers are cited as a barrier to full economic equality. The monarchy is strictly males-only and a princess has to give up her royal status when she marries a commoner. Cultural history The extent to which women could participate in Japanese society has varied over time and social classes. In the 8th century, Japan had an empress, and in the 12th century during the Heian period, women in Japan could inherit property in their own names and manage it by themselves: "Women could own property, be educated, and were allowed, if discrete (sic), to take lovers." ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Women In The Workforce
Since the industrial revolution, participation of women in the workforce outside the home has increased in industrialized nations, with particularly large growth seen in the 20th century. Largely seen as a boon for industrial society, women in the workforce contribute to a higher national economic output as measure in GDP as well as decreasing labor costs by increasing the labor supply in a society. Women's lack of access to higher education had effectively excluded them from the practice of well-paid and high status occupations. Entry of women into the higher professions, like law and medicine, was delayed in most countries due to women being denied entry to universities and qualification for degrees. For example, Cambridge University only fully validated degrees for women late in 1947, and even then only after much opposition and acrimonious debate. Women were largely limited to low-paid and poor status occupations for most of the 19th and 20th centuries, or earned less pay ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hayashi Razan
, also known as Hayashi Dōshun, was a Japanese Neo-Confucian philosopher and writer, serving as a tutor and an advisor to the first four ''shōguns'' of the Tokugawa ''bakufu''. He is also attributed with first listing the Three Views of Japan. Razan was the founder of the Hayashi clan of Confucian scholars. Razan was an influential scholar, teacher and administrator. Together with his sons and grandsons, he is credited with establishing the official neo-Confucian doctrine of the Tokugawa shogunate. Razan's emphasis on the values inherent in a static conservative perspective provided the intellectual underpinnings for the Edo bakufu. Razan also reinterpreted Shinto, and thus created a foundation for the eventual development of Confucianised Shinto in the 20th century. The intellectual foundation of Razan's life's work was based on early studies with Fujiwara Seika (1561–1619), the first Japanese scholar who is known for a close study of Confucius and the Confucian comme ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Good Wife, Wise Mother
"Good Wife, Wise Mother" is a phrase representing a traditional ideal for womanhood in East Asia, including Japan, China and Korea. First appearing in the late 1800s, the four-character phrase "Good Wife, Wise Mother" (also ) was coined by Nakamura Masanao in 1875. During the late 1800s, women in East Asian society were expected to master domestic skills such as sewing and cooking, and to develop the moral and intellectual skills to raise strong, intelligent sons for the sake of the nation. Childbearing was considered a " patriotic duty", and although this philosophy declined in Japan after World War II, feminist historians have argued it existed there as recently as the 1980s. This traditional view of women was similarly shared in Chinese society throughout the early 1900s, and on numerous occasions was criticized by Chinese academics such as Lu Xun and Zhu Ziqing. The phrase, and its related effects and ideals, influenced and continue to influence traditional views of women in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fujin Kōron
(meaning ''Woman's Review'' in English) is a Japanese bi-weekly women's magazine published by Chūōkōron-Shinsha. It was founded under the concept of women's liberation and establishment of selfhood. It was first published in January 1916 (Taishō 5). It is one of the new intellectual feminist magazines in Japan during the 1910s. Notable works See also * ''Bluestocking'' (magazine) * '' Fujin Gahō'' * '' Shufu no Tomo'' * '' Shōjo no Tomo'' * '' Shōjo Sekai'' * ''Shōjo Friend was a shōjo manga List of manga magazines, magazine formerly published by Kodansha, beginning in 1962. Kodansha used the knowledge gained from publishing magazines aimed at young girls, including ''Nakayoshi'' and ''Shōjo Club'', as well as the ...'' References 1916 establishments in Japan Biweekly magazines published in Japan Feminism in Japan Feminist magazines Literary magazines published in Japan Literary translation magazines Magazines established in 1916 Magazines publi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bluestocking (magazine)
was a literary magazine created in 1911 by a group of five women: Haru Raichō Hiratsuka, Yasumochi Yoshiko, Mozume Kazuko, Kiuchi Teiko, and Nakano Hatsuko. The group called themselves the ''Japanese Bluestocking Society'' (青鞜社 ''Seitō-sha'') and used the magazine to promote the equal rights of women through literature and education. The magazine they developed was designed to articulate women’s self-awareness and the gender-based societal limitations they faced, but its promotion of early feminist beliefs through controversial publications caused it to be banned by the Japanese Home Ministry for being “disruptive to society.” Members of ''The Bluestockings'' were berated by the press, and their private lives were a source of outrage for the public. ''Bluestocking'' produced 52 issues with over 110 contributors. It is credited as an influence for modern Japanese feminism. Name meaning The name of the publication is a reference to the Blue Stockings Society of mi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
First Japanese Congresswomen
First or 1st is the ordinal form of the number one (#1). First or 1st may also refer to: *World record, specifically the first instance of a particular achievement Arts and media Music * 1$T, American rapper, singer-songwriter, DJ, and record producer Albums * ''1st'' (album), a 1983 album by Streets * ''1st'' (Rasmus EP), a 1995 EP by The Rasmus, frequently identified as a single * ''1ST'', a 2021 album by SixTones * ''First'' (Baroness EP), an EP by Baroness * ''First'' (Ferlyn G EP), an EP by Ferlyn G * ''First'' (David Gates album), an album by David Gates * ''First'' (O'Bryan album), an album by O'Bryan * ''First'' (Raymond Lam album), an album by Raymond Lam * ''First'', an album by Denise Ho Songs * "First" (Cold War Kids song), a song by Cold War Kids * "First" (Lindsay Lohan song), a song by Lindsay Lohan * "First", a song by Everglow from ''Last Melody'' * "First", a song by Lauren Daigle * "First", a song by Niki & Gabi * "First", a song by Jonas Brothe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chifuren
Chifuren (also National League of Regional Women's Organizations or National Federation of Regional Women's Organizations, ''Zen Nihon chiiki fujin dantai renraku kyōgikai'') is one of the largest women's organizations operating in Japan. Chifuren is an umbrella organization of women's groups and the local women's groups or ''fujinakai''. Chifuren works on a regional scope on a variety of social and political issues facing women in Japan. History Shigeri Yamataka became involved in Chifuren in 1952, when Chifuren was formed. Yamataka had previously been involved with women's groups or ''fujinakai'' which helped make up part of Chifuren. The activist tradition of Chifuren was based on the idea of ''ryōsai kenbo'', meaning "good wife, wise mother." Millions of women joined the group, united under the ideas of improving women's lives, reforming both home and society and creating social welfare. Chifuren opposed revisions to the postwar Constitution and Civil Code of 1948 that wou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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