Wolk V. Kodak Imaging Network Inc.
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Wolk V. Kodak Imaging Network Inc.
''Wolk v. Kodak Imaging Network, Inc.'', 840 F. Supp. 2d 724 (S.D.N.Y. Jan. 3, 2012), was a United States district court case in which the visual artist Sheila Wolk brought suit against Kodak Imaging Network, Inc., Eastman Kodak Company, and Photobucket.com, Inc. for copyright infringement. Users uploaded Wolk's work to Photobucket, a user-generated content provider, which had a revenue sharing agreement with Kodak that permitted users to use Kodak Gallery to commercially print ( photofinish) images from Photobucket's site—including unauthorized copies of Wolk's artwork. The court held that Kodak was not liable for direct copyright infringement because its photofinishing system relied on an automated process, and liability requires volitional conduct beyond "mere ownership of a machine used by others to make illegal copies." The court also held that Photobucket was protected under the safe-harbor provisions of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA). This case is one o ...
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United States District Court For The Southern District Of New York
The United States District Court for the Southern District of New York (in case citations, S.D.N.Y.) is a United States district court, federal trial court whose geographic jurisdiction encompasses eight counties of New York (state), New York State. Two of these are in New York City: Manhattan, New York (Manhattan) and The Bronx, Bronx; six are in Downstate: Westchester County, New York, Westchester, Putnam County, New York, Putnam, Rockland County, New York, Rockland, Orange County, New York, Orange, Dutchess County, New York, Dutchess, and Sullivan County, New York, Sullivan. Appeals from the Southern District of New York are taken to the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit (except for patent claims and claims against the U.S. government under the Tucker Act, which are appealed to the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit, Federal Circuit). Because it covers Manhattan, the Southern District of New York has long been one of the most active an ...
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Statutory Damages
Statutory damages are a damage award in civil law, in which the amount awarded is stipulated within the statute rather than being calculated based on the degree of harm to the plaintiff. Lawmakers will provide for statutory damages for acts in which it is difficult to determine a precise value of the loss suffered by the victim. This could be because calculation of a value is impractical, such as in intellectual property cases where the volume of the infringement cannot be ascertained. It could also be because the nature of the injury is subjective, such as in cases of a violation of a person's rights. The award might serve not only as compensation but also for deterrence, and it is more likely to succeed in serving a deterrence function when the potential defendants are relatively sophisticated parties. Other functions that can be served by statutory damages include reducing administrative costs and clarifying the consequences of violating the law. The amount of statutory dama ...
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United States Copyright Case Law
United may refer to: Places * United, Pennsylvania, an unincorporated community * United, West Virginia, an unincorporated community Arts and entertainment Films * ''United'' (2003 film), a Norwegian film * ''United'' (2011 film), a BBC Two film Literature * ''United!'' (novel), a 1973 children's novel by Michael Hardcastle Music * United (band), Japanese thrash metal band formed in 1981 Albums * ''United'' (Commodores album), 1986 * ''United'' (Dream Evil album), 2006 * ''United'' (Marvin Gaye and Tammi Terrell album), 1967 * ''United'' (Marian Gold album), 1996 * ''United'' (Phoenix album), 2000 * ''United'' (Woody Shaw album), 1981 Songs * "United" (Judas Priest song), 1980 * "United" (Prince Ital Joe and Marky Mark song), 1994 * "United" (Robbie Williams song), 2000 * "United", a song by Danish duo Nik & Jay featuring Lisa Rowe Television * ''United'' (TV series), a 1990 BBC Two documentary series * ''United!'', a soap opera that aired on BBC One from 1965-19 ...
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Perfect 10, Inc
Perfect commonly refers to: * Perfection, completeness, excellence * Perfect (grammar), a grammatical category in some languages Perfect may also refer to: Film * ''Perfect'' (1985 film), a romantic drama * ''Perfect'' (2018 film), a science fiction thriller Literature * ''Perfect'' (Friend novel), a 2004 novel by Natasha Friend * ''Perfect'' (Hopkins novel), a young adult novel by Ellen Hopkins * ''Perfect'' (Joyce novel), a 2013 novel by Rachel Joyce * ''Perfect'' (Shepard novel), a Pretty Little Liars novel by Sara Shepard * ''Perfect'', a young adult science fiction novel by Dyan Sheldon Music * Perfect interval, in music theory * Perfect Records, a record label Artists * Perfect (musician) (born 1980), reggae singer * Perfect (Polish band) * Perfect (American band), an American alternative rock group Albums * ''Perfect'' (Intwine album) (2004) * ''Perfect'' (Half Japanese album) (2016) * ''perfecT'', an album by Sam Shaber * ''Perfect'', an album by True Fa ...
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UMG Recordings, Inc
Universal Music Group N.V. (often abbreviated as UMG and referred to as just Universal Music) is a Dutch–American multinational music corporation under Dutch law. UMG's corporate headquarters are located in Hilversum, Netherlands and its operational headquarters are located in Santa Monica, California. The biggest music company in the world, it is one of the " Big Three" record labels, along with Sony Music and Warner Music Group. Tencent acquired ten percent of Universal Music Group in March 2020 for €3 billion and acquired an additional ten percent stake in January 2021. Pershing Square Holdings later acquired ten percent of UMG prior to its IPO on the Euronext Amsterdam stock exchange. The company went public on September 21, 2021, at a valuation of €46 billion. In 2019, ''Fast Company'' named Universal Music Group the most innovative music company and listed UMG among the Top 50 most innovative companies in the world and "amid the music industry's digital transfor ...
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IO Group, Inc
Io, IO, iO, I/O, i/o, or i.o. may refer to: * Io (mythology), daughter of Inachus in Greek mythology, and lover of Zeus who was turned into a cow *Io (moon), a moon of Jupiter Arts and media Fictional elements * Scylla Io, one of Poseidon's Marine Generals in the ''Saint Seiya'' series *A ''Dungeons & Dragons'' dragon deity *Io Otonashi, a main character in the Japanese manga series ''Place to Place'' (''Acchi Kocchi'') Gaming *''iO'', a 2014 video game by Gamious * IO Interactive, a Danish computer game developer Music *IO (German band), a German band *Io (English band), an English band *I_o (musician), an American DJ and record producer (1990–2020) Theatre and opera * ''Io'' (opera), an unfinished ''acte de ballet'' (opera) by Jean-Philippe Rameau *iO Theater (ImprovOlympic), a theater in Chicago, Illinois, dedicated to improvisational comedy *IO West, a Los Angeles theater associated with the Chicago iO Other uses in arts and media * ''Io'' (film), a 2019 Netflix fil ...
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Zazzle
Zazzle is an American online marketplace that allows designers and customers to create their own products with independent manufacturers (clothing, posters, etc.), as well as use images from participating companies. Zazzle has partnered with many brands to amass a collection of digital images from companies like Disney, Warner Brothers and NCAA sports teams. Zazzle claims to have over 300 million unique products listed on the site. Zazzle was launched from their garage by Robert, Bobby, and Jeffrey Beaver, and went live in 2005. The company received an initial investment of US$16 million in July 2005 from Google investors John Doerr and Ram Shriram, and an additional investment of US$30 million in October 2007. The site was recognized by ''TechCrunch'' as 2007's "best business model" in its first annual Crunchies awards, and has been noted by industry experts, such as B. Joseph Pine, for its easy-to-use technology. It is based in Redwood City, California. Zazzle.com offers di ...
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CafePress
CafePress, Inc. is an American online retailer of stock and user- customized on-demand products. The company was founded in San Mateo, California, but is now headquartered in Louisville, Kentucky along with its production facility. In 2001, CafePress.com won the People's Voice Webby Award in the Commerce category. Business model CafePress.com sells T-shirts, bags, mugs, wall clocks, calendars, and a myriad of other products. Customers can upload their own graphics design, logo or text, which will be added to the product by the company. CafePress.com also offers print on demand services for wall art and stationery. The site also allows the user to have a virtual CafePress "shop" including an online storefront and website hosting, order management, fulfillment, payment processing, and customer service. History CafePress, Inc. was founded as a privately-owned company in 1999 by Fred Durham and Maheesh Jain. As of February 2006, the site hosts over 2.6 million online shop ...
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Kmart (United States)
Kmart Corporation ( , doing business as Kmart and stylized as kmart) is an American retail company that owns a chain of big box department stores. The company is headquartered in Hoffman Estates, Illinois, United States. The company was incorporated in 1899 as S. S. Kresge Corporation and renamed Kmart Corporation in 1977. The first store with the Kmart name opened in 1962 in Garden City, Michigan. At its peak in 1994, Kmart operated 2,486 stores globally, including 2,323 discount stores and Super Kmart Center locations in the United States. As of April 16, 2022, that number was down to nine, including just three in the continental United States.Tyko, Kelly (April 11, 2022"Kmart store closings 2022: Just three Kmarts remain after new round of closures"''USA Today'' From 2005 through 2019, Kmart was a subsidiary of Sears Holdings Corporation. Since 2019, Kmart has been a subsidiary of Transform SR Brands LLC, a privately held company that was formed in 2019 to acquire assets ...
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Professional Photographers Of America
Professional Photographers of America (PPA) is a nonprofit trade association of professional photographers. As of August 2022, PPA has 34,000 members. History 19th century The association began in December 1868 as the National Photographic Association of the United States (NPA). The group's first goal was to unite against Ambrotype patent restrictions. Although succeeding in preventing the reissue of the patent, the executive committee of the NPA became discouraged, and, the group disbanded in 1876 because of lack of interest. The Professional Photographers of America, as it is known today, was officially founded in April 1880 as the Photographers Association of America, Inc., by members of the Chicago Photographic Association and the former National Photographic Association. In their first meeting in April PAA elected John Ryder from Cleveland, Ohio, as its first president. From August 23 to 26, 1880, 237 photographers attended PAA's first convention in Chicago. At the 1880 c ...
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Viacom International Inc
Paramount Global Distribution Group or Paramount Global Content Distribution is the international television distribution arm of American media conglomerate, Paramount Global, originally established in 1962 as the international distribution division of ''Desilu Productions''. With the sale of Desilu to Gulf+Western, then-owners of film studio Paramount Pictures, in 1968, the division evolved into Paramount's first foray into the international television industry in the 1970s. The division handles the distribution of television content from the libraries of Paramount Media Networks, Paramount Television Studios, CBS Studios, CBS Media Ventures, Showtime Networks and Paramount+. History The division as well as Paramount International Television was originally established in 1962 as the international distribution division of Desilu Productions, ''Desilu International'', which was managed by Bruce Gordon. The company co-produced ''The Lost Islands'' with the Ten Network (now Networ ...
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GigaOm
Gigaom is a technology focused analyst firm and media company. The company evolved from a blog which offered news, analysis, and opinions on startup companies, emerging technologies, and other technology related topics. It was started by Om Malik in San Francisco, California and was acquired by Knowingly Corp. in 2015. History After running his personal blog under the name for several years, Gigaom was founded as a company by Om Malik in 2006. In June 2006, he left his day job at Business 2.0 magazine to work on Gigaom full-time. The site originally integrated several other technology-related blogs and services into its network. In 2011, Gigaom consolidated this network of blogs and rebranded all of them as separate topic channels on gigaom.com, with channels dedicated to technology news, Apple, cleantech, cloud computing, data, Europe, mobile technology, and digital video. Since 2006, Gigaom has organized technology conferences under the banner Gigaom Events. Former Gigaom emp ...
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