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Wolfpack West
''West'' was a wolfpack of German U-boats that operated during the World War II Battle of the Atlantic from 8 May 1941 to 20 June 1941. This wolfpack was responsible for sinking 33 ships () and damaging a further four ships (), making it one of the most successful wolfpacks of World War II. Raiding Summary U-Boats Of the 23 U-boat commanders, 19 were either, or went on to become, recipients of the Knight’s Cross of the Iron Cross The Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (german: Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes), or simply the Knight's Cross (), and its variants, were the highest awards in the military and paramilitary forces of Nazi Germany during World War II. The Knight' .... References {{DEFAULTSORT:West Wolfpacks of 1941 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kriegsmarine
The (, ) was the navy of Germany from 1935 to 1945. It superseded the Imperial German Navy of the German Empire (1871–1918) and the inter-war (1919–1935) of the Weimar Republic. The was one of three official branches, along with the and the , of the , the German armed forces from 1935 to 1945. In violation of the Treaty of Versailles, the grew rapidly during German naval rearmament in the 1930s. The 1919 treaty had limited the size of the German navy and prohibited the building of submarines. ships were deployed to the waters around Spain during the Spanish Civil War (1936–1939) under the guise of enforcing non-intervention, but in reality supported the Nationalists against the Spanish Republicans. In January 1939, Plan Z, a massive shipbuilding program, was ordered, calling for surface naval parity with the British Royal Navy by 1944. When World War II broke out in September 1939, Plan Z was shelved in favour of a crash building program for submarines (U-boat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Herbert Kuppisch
__NOTOC__ Herbert Kuppisch (10 December 1909 – 27 August 1943) was a German naval officer during World War II and commander of , , , and . He was a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross. Kuppisch and the crew of ''U-847'' were killed by aircraft from the US escort carrier on 27 August 1943. Awards * Wehrmacht Long Service Award 4th Class (4 October 1937)Busch & Röll 2003, p. 124. * Sudetenland Medal (20 December 1939) * Iron Cross (1939) 2nd Class (5 December 1939) & 1st Class (4 May 1940) * U-boat War Badge (4 May 1940) * Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross on 14 May 1941 as ''Kapitänleutnant ''Kapitänleutnant'', short: KptLt/in lists: KL, ( en, captain lieutenant) is an officer grade of the captains' military hierarchy group () of the German Bundeswehr. The rank is rated OF-2 in NATO, and equivalent to Hauptmann in the Heer an ...'' and commander of ''U-94''Scherzer 2007, p. 487. References Citations Bibliography * * {{DEFAULTSORT:Kuppisch, He ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nazi Germany
Nazi Germany (lit. "National Socialist State"), ' (lit. "Nazi State") for short; also ' (lit. "National Socialist Germany") (officially known as the German Reich from 1933 until 1943, and the Greater German Reich from 1943 to 1945) was the German state between 1933 and 1945, when Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party controlled the country, transforming it into a dictatorship. Under Hitler's rule, Germany quickly became a totalitarian state where nearly all aspects of life were controlled by the government. The Third Reich, meaning "Third Realm" or "Third Empire", alluded to the Nazi claim that Nazi Germany was the successor to the earlier Holy Roman Empire (800–1806) and German Empire (1871–1918). The Third Reich, which Hitler and the Nazis referred to as the Thousand-Year Reich, ended in May 1945 after just 12 years when the Allies defeated Germany, ending World War II in Europe. On 30 January 1933, Hitler was appointed chancellor of Germany, the head of gove ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wolfpack (naval Tactic)
The wolfpack was a convoy attack tactic employed in the Second World War. It was used principally by the U-boats of the during the Battle of the Atlantic, and by the submarines of the United States Navy in the Pacific War. The idea of a co-ordinated submarine attack on convoys had been proposed during the First World War but had no success. In the Atlantic during the Second World War the Germans had considerable successes with their wolfpack attacks but were ultimately defeated by the Allies. In the Pacific the American submarine force was able to devastate Japan’s merchant marine, though this was not solely due to the wolfpack tactic. Wolfpacks fell out of use during the Cold War as the role of the submarine changed and as convoys became rare. World War I During the (German war on trade) Allied ships travelled independently prior to the introduction of the convoy system and were vulnerable to attacks by U-boats operating as 'lone wolves'. By gathering up merchant ships into con ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Robert-Richard Zapp
Robert-Richard Zapp (3 April 1904 – 17 July 1964) was a German naval officer in World War II. As commander of the German Type IX submarine, Type IXC U-boat , he sank sixteen ships on five patrols, for a total of 106,200 tons of Allied shipping. He was a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross of Nazi Germany Career Robert-Richard Zapp joined the ''Reichsmarine'' in May 1923. Before joining the U-boat service in 1939, he served aboard a minesweeper and later on took command of ''251 Marineflak'' (Naval anti-aircraft artillery). After initial training, he served on board for a short while under ''Oberleutnant zur See'' Engelbert Endrass, with whom he participated in the battle against Convoy HX 79 in October 1940. Zapp was appointed commander of in January 1941. ''U-66'' was one of the boats that participated in the first wave of attacks in "Operation Drumbeat". On the first patrol of this operation, he sank five vessels, totalling 33,456 tons. On his second patrol off ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Herbert Wohlfarth
Heinrich Wilhelm Herbert Wohlfarth (5 June 1915 – 13 August 1982) was a German naval officer and U-boat commander during World War II. He was also a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (german: Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes). The Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership. Naval career Herbert Wohlfarth began his naval career in April 1933. After the usual training that he spent more than a year on the cruiser . In May 1937, he joined the U-boat force, and like many of the later successful commanders received a solid pre-war training under Karl Dönitz. After some months as aide-de-camp in the 3rd U-boat Flotilla, in September 1938, he became watch officer on . On 19 October 1939 ''Oberleutnant zur See'' Wohlfarth took command of . On his first three patrols he sank nine mostly smaller ships in Scottish and Norwegian waters. The fourth patrol with ''U-14'' was for him, as for most othe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Helmut Rosenbaum
Helmut Rosenbaum (11 May 1913 – 10 May 1944) was a ''Korvettenkapitän'' (LT Commander) in Nazi Germany's ''Kriegsmarine'' during World War II who commanded U-boat , and the 30th U-boat Flotilla. He received the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross, awarded to recognize extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership. He is credited with the sinking of six ships for a total of and three warships. Born in Döbeln, Rosenbaum joined the ''Reichsmarine'' (navy of the Weimar Republic) in 1932. After a period of training on surface vessels and service on various U-boats during the Spanish Civil War, he took command of his first U-boat in 1939. After torpedoing and sinking on 11 August 1942, Rosenbaum was appointed commander of the 30th U-boat Flotilla. He was killed in an aircraft crash on 10 May 1944. Military career Helmut Rosenbaum began his naval career with the ''Reichsmarine'' on 15 August 1932 as a late for the year member of "Crew 32" (the incoming class of 1932) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Karl Thurmann
The Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (german: Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes) and its variants were the highest awards in the military and paramilitary forces of Nazi Germany during World War II. The decoration was awarded for a wide range of reasons and across all ranks, from a senior commander for skilled leadership of his troops in battle to a low-ranking soldier for a single act of extreme gallantry. A total of 7,321 awards were made between its first presentation on 30 September 1939 and its last bestowal on 17 June 1945. This number is based on the acceptance by the Association of Knight's Cross Recipients (AKCR). Presentations were made to members of the three military branches of the Wehrmacht—the Heer (Army), Kriegsmarine (Navy) and Luftwaffe (Air Force)—as well as the Waffen-SS, the Reich Labour Service and the Volkssturm (German national militia). There were also 43 foreign recipients of the award. These recipients are listed in the 1986 edition of Walther-Pe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Herbert Schultze
Herbert Emil Schultze (24 July 1909 – 3 June 1987), was a German submarine commander during World War II. He commanded the for eight patrols during the early part of the war, sinking of shipping. Schultze was a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves of Nazi Germany. Early life and career Schultze was born in Kiel. He joined the ''Reichsmarine'' on 1 April 1930. Schultze underwent a number of officer training courses at the Naval Academy at Mürwik before transferring to the German cruiser ''Leipzig'' (2 October 1933 – 7 October 1934). During this assignment, he was promoted to '' Oberfähnrich zur See'' (senior midshipman) on 1 April 1934 and to ''Leutnant zur See'' (acting sub-lieutenant) on 1 October 1934. In May 1937, now an ''Oberleutnant zur See'', Schultze transferred to the U-boat force, taking command of the Type IIA U-boat on 31 January 1938. ''U-2'' was assigned to the ''U-Bootschulflottille'' (U-boat school flotilla); he spent ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Heinrich Schonder
Heinrich may refer to: People * Heinrich (given name), a given name (including a list of people with the name) * Heinrich (surname), a surname (including a list of people with the name) *Hetty (given name), a given name (including a list of people with the name) Places * Heinrich (crater), a lunar crater * Heinrich-Hertz-Turm, a telecommunication tower and landmark of Hamburg, Germany Other uses * Heinrich event, a climatic event during the last ice age * Heinrich (card game), a north German card game * Heinrich (farmer), participant in the German TV show a ''Farmer Wants a Wife'' * Heinrich Greif Prize, an award of the former East German government * Heinrich Heine Prize, the name of two different awards * Heinrich Mann Prize, a literary award given by the Berlin Academy of Art * Heinrich Tessenow Medal, an architecture prize established in 1963 * Heinrich Wieland Prize, an annual award in the fields of chemistry, biochemistry and physiology * Heinrich, known as Haida ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Klaus Scholtz
Klaus Scholtz (22 March 1908 – 1 May 1987) was a commander in the ''Kriegsmarine'' (navy) of Nazi Germany during World War II. He commanded the Type IXB U-boat . Scholtz was a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves. Career Scholtz joined the ''Reichsmarine'' in 1927 as member of "Crew 1927" (the incoming class of 1927) and served in torpedo boats, before transferring to the U-boat arm (''U-bootwaffe'') in April 1940. From October 1940 he commanded ''U-108'', sinking 25 ships on 8 patrols, for a total of 128,190 tons of Allied shipping, including the British armed merchant cruiser . In October 1942 Scholtz formed and took command of ''12th U-boat Flotilla'' based at Bordeaux, France. In August 1944 the approach of Allied troops meant that the base had to be evacuated. The last U-boats escaped by sea, and Scholtz attempted to lead the remaining men (about 220) back to Germany on foot. They left Bordeaux on 26 August, but were captured on 11 September by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Adalbert Schnee
Otto Adalbert Schnee (31 December 1913 – 4 November 1982) was a ''Korvettenkapitän'' (corvette captain) with Nazi Germany's ''Kriegsmarine'' during World War II. He commanded the submarines , , , and , sinking twenty-one merchant ships on twelve patrols, for a total of of Allied shipping, and received the Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves. Career Schnee was a member of Hitler’s Nazi party. He joined the ''Reichsmarine'' in April 1934. After serving aboard the light cruiser , he transferred to the U-boat arm in May 1937. He spent two years on board the Type IIB U-boat , under the command of ''Oberleutnant zur See'' Otto Kretschmer, completing five combat patrols as 1.WO (second-in-command), between October 1939 and January 1940. Schnee's first command, from January to July 1940, was the Type IIA submarine , in which he sailed on only a single short patrol in April supporting "Operation Weserübung" (the invasion of Norway). His next command, between July and October 19 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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