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William Lewinski
William J. Lewinski () is a retired psychology professor and expert on police use of force at his own Force Science Institute, founded in 2004. He provides training to police and serves as an expert witness in court cases. Early career Born in Canada, Lewinski started his career as a school teacher in Winnipeg, Ontario. He received his doctorate from the distance-learning Union for Experimenting Colleges and Universities of Cincinnati, Ohio in 1988, in a self-designed major of police psychology. The school isn't accredited in psychology, his police psychology major isn't recognized by the American Psychological Association, and Lewinski has never been licensed to practice as a psychologist. He was a tenured professor at Minnesota State University in Mankato, Minnesota, and founded the Center for the Study of Performance in Extreme Encounters in 2004. It was later renamed Force Science Research Center, moved off-campus, and removed its affiliation with the school. He retired from the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Use Of Force
The use of force, in the context of law enforcement, may be defined as the "amount of effort required by police to compel compliance by an unwilling subject". Use of force doctrines can be employed by law enforcement officers and military personnel on guard duty. The aim of such doctrines is to balance the needs of security with ethical concerns for the rights and well-being of intruders or suspects. Injuries to civilians tend to focus attention on self-defense as a justification and, in the event of death, the notion of justifiable homicide. For the English law on the use of force in crime prevention, see Self-defence in English law. The Australian position on the use of troops for civil policing is set out by Michael Hood in ''Calling Out the Troops: Disturbing Trends and Unanswered Questions''; compare "Use of Deadly Force by the South African Police Services Re-visited" by Malebo Keebine-Sibanda and Omphemetse Sibanda. History Use of force dates back to the beginning ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Georgetown University
Georgetown University is a private university, private research university in the Georgetown (Washington, D.C.), Georgetown neighborhood of Washington, D.C. Founded by Bishop John Carroll (archbishop of Baltimore), John Carroll in 1789 as Georgetown College (Georgetown University), Georgetown College, the university has grown to comprise eleven Undergraduate education, undergraduate and Postgraduate education, graduate schools, including the School of Foreign Service, Walsh School of Foreign Service, McDonough School of Business, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Medical School, Georgetown University Law Center, Law School, and a Georgetown University in Qatar, campus in Qatar. The school's main campus, on a hill above the Potomac River, is identifiable by its flagship Healy Hall, a National Historic Landmark. The school was founded by and is affiliated with the Society of Jesus, and is the oldest Catholic institution of higher education in the United States, though the m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anthony Lee (actor)
Anthony Dwain Lee (July 17, 1961 – October 28, 2000) was an American actor and playwright. He began his career in the 1980s appearing in numerous stage productions, and in guest roles on television and in films. While attending a Halloween party on October 28, 2000, Lee was fatally shot by a Los Angeles Police Department officer. Lee's death, and the circumstances surrounding it, garnered significant national and international media attention. Early life and career Lee was born in Redding, California and grew up in a middle-class family in Sacramento where he attended Valley High School. Lee began acting at the age of 20 in a community acting class that performed productions at retirement and assisted living homes. His first professional productions were at The Sacramento Theater Company. In 1986, he traveled to Ashland, Oregon and auditioned at the Oregon Shakespeare Festival (OSF) a nationally and internationally known Regional Equity theater. He was cast the following s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Radley Balko
Radley Prescott Balko (born April 19, 1975) is an American journalist, author, blogger, and speaker who writes about criminal justice, the War on Drugs, drug war, and civil liberties. In 2022, he began publishing his work on Substack after being let go from ''The Washington Post'', where he had worked as an opinion columnist for nine years. Balko has written several books, including ''The Rise of the Warrior Cop'' and ''The Cadaver King and the Country Dentist''. Education and personal life Balko earned a B.A. in journalism and political science in 1997 from Indiana University Bloomington. Balko is an atheist. Employment and publications Balko blogs about criminal justice, the drug war, and civil liberties. He has worked as an opinion writer for ''The Washington Post'', a senior writer and investigative reporter for ''The Huffington Post'', a senior editor at ''Reason (magazine), Reason'' magazine, and a policy analyst for the Cato Institute, specializing in vice and civil liber ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Washington Post
''The Washington Post'' (also known as the ''Post'' and, informally, ''WaPo'') is an American daily newspaper published in Washington, D.C. It is the most widely circulated newspaper within the Washington metropolitan area and has a large national audience. Daily broadsheet editions are printed for D.C., Maryland, and Virginia. The ''Post'' was founded in 1877. In its early years, it went through several owners and struggled both financially and editorially. Financier Eugene Meyer purchased it out of bankruptcy in 1933 and revived its health and reputation, work continued by his successors Katharine and Phil Graham (Meyer's daughter and son-in-law), who bought out several rival publications. The ''Post'' 1971 printing of the Pentagon Papers helped spur opposition to the Vietnam War. Subsequently, in the best-known episode in the newspaper's history, reporters Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein led the American press's investigation into what became known as the Watergate scandal, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Taser
A taser is an electroshock weapon used to incapacitate people, allowing them to be approached and handled in an unresisting and thus safe manner. It is sold by Axon, formerly TASER International. It fires two small barbed darts intended to puncture the skin and remain attached to the target, at . Their range extends from for non-Law Enforcement Tasers to for LE Tasers. The darts are connected to the main unit by thin insulated copper wire and deliver a modulated electric current designed to disrupt voluntary control of muscles, causing "neuromuscular incapacitation." The effects of a taser may only be localized pain or strong involuntary long muscle contractions, based on the mode of use and connectivity of the darts. Tasers are marketed as less-lethal, since the possibility of serious injury or death exists whenever the weapon is deployed. At least 49 people died in the US in 2018 after being shocked by police with a Taser. The first taser conducted energy weapon was i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Axon Enterprise
Axon Enterprise, Inc. is an American Scottsdale, Arizona-based company which develops technology and weapons products for military, law enforcement, and civilians. Its initial product and former namesake is the Taser, a line of electroshock weapons. The company has since diversified into technology products for military and law enforcement, including a line of body cameras and Evidence.com, a cloud-based digital evidence platform. As of 2017, body cameras and associated services comprise a quarter of Axon's overall business. History In 1969, NASA researcher Jack Cover began to develop a non-lethal electric weapon to help police officers control suspects, as an alternative to firearms. By 1974, Cover had completed the device, which he named the "Tom Swift Electric Rifle" (TSER), referencing the 1911 novel '' Tom Swift and his Electric Rifle''; to make it easier to pronounce as a word, Cover later added an "A" to the acronym to form "TASER". The Taser Public Defender used gunpow ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Marshall Project
The Marshall Project is a nonprofit, online journalism organization focusing on issues related to criminal justice in the United States. It was founded by former hedge fund manager Neil Barsky with former ''New York Times'' executive editor Bill Keller as its first editor-in-chief. Its website states that it aims to "create and sustain a sense of national urgency about the U.S. criminal justice system." Susan Chira has been editor-in-chief since 2019. It has won the Pulitzer Prize twice. The organization's name honors Thurgood Marshall, the NAACP's civil rights activist and attorney whose arguments won the landmark U.S. Supreme Court school desegregation case, '' Brown vs. Board of Education'', who later became the first African-American justice of that Court. History The Marshall Project began as an idea of Neil Barsky, a former hedge-fund manager, in November 2013. When writing an op-ed in ''The New York Times'', Barsky thought it might be a good opportunity to plug the id ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Los Angeles Times
The ''Los Angeles Times'' (abbreviated as ''LA Times'') is a daily newspaper that started publishing in Los Angeles in 1881. Based in the LA-adjacent suburb of El Segundo since 2018, it is the sixth-largest newspaper by circulation in the United States. The publication has won more than 40 Pulitzer Prizes. It is owned by Patrick Soon-Shiong and published by the Times Mirror Company. The newspaper’s coverage emphasizes California and especially Southern California stories. In the 19th century, the paper developed a reputation for civic boosterism and opposition to labor unions, the latter of which led to the bombing of its headquarters in 1910. The paper's profile grew substantially in the 1960s under publisher Otis Chandler, who adopted a more national focus. In recent decades the paper's readership has declined, and it has been beset by a series of ownership changes, staff reductions, and other controversies. In January 2018, the paper's staff voted to unionize and final ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
George Floyd
George Perry Floyd Jr. (October 14, 1973 – May 25, 2020) was an African-American man who was murdered by a police officer in Minneapolis, Minnesota, during an arrest made after a store clerk suspected Floyd may have used a counterfeit twenty-dollar bill, on May 25, 2020. Derek Chauvin, one of the four police officers who arrived on the scene, knelt on Floyd's neck and back for 9 minutes and 29 seconds which caused a lack of oxygen. After his murder, protests against police brutality, especially towards black people, quickly spread across the United States and globally. His dying words, "I can't breathe," became a rallying slogan. Born in Fayetteville, North Carolina, Floyd grew up in Houston, Texas, playing American football and basketball throughout high school and college. Between 1997 and 2005, he was convicted of eight crimes. He served four years in prison after accepting a plea bargain for a 2007 aggravated robbery in a home invasion. After he was paroled in 2013, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Derek Chauvin
Derek Michael Chauvin ( ; born March 19, 1976) is an American former police officer who was convicted for the murder of George Floyd, a 46-year-old African-American man, in Minneapolis, Minnesota. Chauvin was a member of the Minneapolis Police Department from 2001 to 2020. Chauvin had knelt on Floyd's neck for about nine minutes while Floyd was handcuffed and lying face down on the street calling out "I can't breathe" during an arrest made with three other officers on May 25, 2020. He was dismissed by the Minneapolis Police Department (MPD) on May 26 and arrested on May 29. The murder set off a series of protests in the Twin Cities and across the rest of the United States, later spreading around the world. In his career, Chauvin had 18 complaints against him on official record and was involved in three police shootings, one of which was fatal. On October 29, 2006, he was involved in the killing of Ojibwe native Wayne Reyes by 23 gunshots. On the early morning of May 24, 2008 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Excited Delirium
Excited delirium (ExDS), also known as agitated delirium (AgDS), is a controversial diagnosis sometimes characterized as a potentially fatal state of extreme agitation and delirium. It is typically diagnosed postmortem in young adult males, disproportionally black men, who were physically restrained at the time of death, most often by law enforcement personnel. Symptoms are said to include aggressive behavior, extreme physical strength and hyperthermia. It is not listed in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders or the ICD-10, International Classification of Diseases, and is not recognized by the World Health Organization, the American Psychiatric Association, the American Medical Association, or the American Academy of Emergency Medicine. It is accepted primarily by the American College of Emergency Physicians. Excited delirium is particularly associated with taser use. A 2017 investigative report by ''Reuters'' found that excited delirium had been listed as a f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
