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William John Hutchins
William John Hutchins (27 January 1939 – 9 January 2021) was an English linguist and information scientist specialized in machine translation. He graduated as a Bachelor of Arts in French and German at the University of Nottingham in 1960 and obtained a diploma in librarianship at University College London in 1962. He worked as assistant librarian at Durham University (1962–1965) and at the University of Sheffield (1965–1971), and then as assistant librarian (1971–1980) and sub-librarian (1980–1998) at the University of East Anglia. In 2000 he obtained his PhD degree at the University of East Anglia. In addition to authoring numerous articles in journals and conferences about machine translation since 1963, he is particularly well known by the book ''An Introduction to Machine Translation'' (1992) which he co-authored with Harold Somers. John's service to the machine translation community, most of it after retirement, has been outstanding. After serving as editor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Linguist
Linguistics is the scientific study of human language. It is called a scientific study because it entails a comprehensive, systematic, objective, and precise analysis of all aspects of language, particularly its nature and structure. Linguistics is concerned with both the cognitive and social aspects of language. It is considered a scientific field as well as an academic discipline; it has been classified as a social science, natural science, cognitive science,Thagard, PaulCognitive Science, The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Fall 2008 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.). or part of the humanities. Traditional areas of linguistic analysis correspond to phenomena found in human linguistic systems, such as syntax (rules governing the structure of sentences); semantics (meaning); morphology (structure of words); phonetics (speech sounds and equivalent gestures in sign languages); phonology (the abstract sound system of a particular language); and pragmatics (how social contex ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Machine Translation
Machine translation, sometimes referred to by the abbreviation MT (not to be confused with computer-aided translation, machine-aided human translation or interactive translation), is a sub-field of computational linguistics that investigates the use of software to translate text or speech from one language to another. On a basic level, MT performs mechanical substitution of words in one language for words in another, but that alone rarely produces a good translation because recognition of whole phrases and their closest counterparts in the target language is needed. Not all words in one language have equivalent words in another language, and many words have more than one meaning. Solving this problem with corpus statistical and neural techniques is a rapidly growing field that is leading to better translations, handling differences in linguistic typology, translation of idioms, and the isolation of anomalies. Current machine translation software often allows for customizat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
University Of Nottingham
The University of Nottingham is a public university, public research university in Nottingham, United Kingdom. It was founded as University College Nottingham in 1881, and was granted a royal charter in 1948. The University of Nottingham belongs to the research intensive Russell Group association. Nottingham's main campus (University Park Campus, Nottingham, University Park) with Jubilee Campus and teaching hospital (Queen's Medical Centre) are located within the City of Nottingham, with a number of smaller campuses and sites elsewhere in Nottinghamshire and Derbyshire. Outside the UK, the university has campuses in Semenyih, Malaysia, and Ningbo, China. Nottingham is organised into five constituent faculties, within which there are more than 50 schools, departments, institutes and research centres. Nottingham has about 45,500 students and 7,000 staff, and had an income of £694 million in 2020–21, of which £114.9 million was from research grants and contracts. The institution's ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Durham University
, mottoeng = Her foundations are upon the holy hills (Psalm 87:1) , established = (university status) , type = Public , academic_staff = 1,830 (2020) , administrative_staff = 2,640 (2018/19) , chancellor = Sir Thomas Allen , vice_chancellor = Karen O’Brien , city = Durham and Stockton-on-Tees , state = , country = England , campus_size = , students = () , undergrad = () , postgrad = () , free_label = Student newspaper , free = '' Palatinate'' , colours = Palatinate , endowment = £98.2 million , budget = £393.2 million , academic_affiliations = Russell Group ACU Coimbra Group EUA N8 Group Matariki Network of Universities University of the ArcticUniversities UK Virgo Consortium , sporting_affiliations = BUCS, Wallace Group , sports_free_label = Sports team , sports_free = Team Durham , website = , logo = , embedded = Durham University (legally the University of Durham) is a collegiate public research university ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
University Of Sheffield
, mottoeng = To discover the causes of things , established = – University of SheffieldPredecessor institutions: – Sheffield Medical School – Firth College – Sheffield Technical School – University College of Sheffield , type = Public research university , academic_staff = 5,670 (2020) - including academic atypical staff , administrative_staff = , chancellor = Lady Justice Rafferty , vice_chancellor = Koen Lamberts , students = () , undergrad = () , postgrad = () , endowment = £46.7 million (2021) , budget = £741.0 million (2020–21) , city = Sheffield , state = South Yorkshire , country = England , coor = , campus = Urban , colours = Black & gold , affiliations = Russell Group WUN ACUN8 Group White Rose Sutton 30EQUISAMBAUniversities UK , website = , logo = The University of Sheffield (informally Sheffield University or TUOS) is a public research university in Sheffield, South Yorkshire, England. Its history traces back to the f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
University Of East Anglia
The University of East Anglia (UEA) is a public research university in Norwich, England. Established in 1963 on a campus west of the city centre, the university has four faculties and 26 schools of study. The annual income of the institution for 2020–21 was £292.1 million, of which £35.2 million was from research grants and contracts, with an expenditure of £290.4 million, and had an undergraduate offer rate of 85.1% in 2021. UEA alumni and faculty include three Nobel laureates, a discoverer of Hepatitis C and of the Hepatitis D genome, a lead developer of the Oxford–AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine, one President of the Royal Society, and at least 48 Fellows of the Royal Society. Alumni also include heads of state, government and intergovernmental organisations, as well as three Booker Prize winning authors. History 1960s People in Norwich began to talk about the possibility of setting up a university in the nineteenth century, and attempts to establish ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Machine Translation Archive
A machine is a physical system using power to apply forces and control movement to perform an action. The term is commonly applied to artificial devices, such as those employing engines or motors, but also to natural biological macromolecules, such as molecular machines. Machines can be driven by animals and people, by natural forces such as wind and water, and by chemical, thermal, or electrical power, and include a system of mechanisms that shape the actuator input to achieve a specific application of output forces and movement. They can also include computers and sensors that monitor performance and plan movement, often called mechanical systems. Renaissance natural philosophers identified six simple machines which were the elementary devices that put a load into motion, and calculated the ratio of output force to input force, known today as mechanical advantage. Modern machines are complex systems that consist of structural elements, mechanisms and control componen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Association For Machine Translation
Association may refer to: *Club (organization), an association of two or more people united by a common interest or goal *Trade association, an organization founded and funded by businesses that operate in a specific industry *Voluntary association, a body formed by individuals to accomplish a purpose, usually as volunteers Association in various fields of study *Association (archaeology), the close relationship between objects or contexts. *Association (astronomy), combined or co-added group of astronomical exposures *Association (chemistry) *Association (ecology), a type of ecological community *Genetic association, when one or more genotypes within a population co-occur *Association (object-oriented programming), defines a relationship between classes of objects *Association (psychology), a connection between two or more concepts in the mind or imagination *Association (statistics), a statistical relationship between two variables *File association, associates a file with a so ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1939 Births
This year also marks the start of the Second World War, the largest and deadliest conflict in human history. Events Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix. January * January 1 ** Third Reich *** Jews are forbidden to work with Germans. *** The Youth Protection Act was passed on April 30, 1938 and the Working Hours Regulations came into effect. *** The Jews name change decree has gone into effect. ** The rest of the world *** In Spain, it becomes a duty of all young women under 25 to complete compulsory work service for one year. *** First edition of the Vienna New Year's Concert. *** The company of technology and manufacturing scientific instruments Hewlett-Packard, was founded in a garage in Palo Alto, California, by William (Bill) Hewlett and David Packard. This garage is now considered the birthplace of Silicon Valley. *** Sydney, in Australia, records temperature of 45 ˚C, the highest record for the city. *** Philipp Etter took over as Swi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2021 Deaths
This is a list of deaths of notable people, organised by year. New deaths articles are added to their respective month (e.g., Deaths in ) and then linked here. 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000 1999 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 1989 1988 1987 See also * Lists of deaths by day The following pages, corresponding to the Gregorian calendar, list the historical events, births, deaths, and holidays and observances of the specified day of the year: Footnotes See also * Leap year * List of calendars * List of non-standard ... * Deaths by year {{DEFAULTSORT:deaths by year ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alumni Of The University Of Nottingham
A list of people related to the University of Nottingham or to its predecessor, University College, Nottingham. Office holders Chancellors * John Boot, 2nd Baron Trent (1949 - 1954) * William Cavendish-Bentinck, 7th Duke of Portland (1954 - 1971) * Sir Francis Hill (1971 - 1978) * Sir Gordon Hobday (1978 - 1993) * Ronald Dearing, Baron Dearing (1993 - 2000) * Fujia Yang (2000 - 2012) * Sir Andrew Witty (2013–2017) * Baroness Young of Hornsey (2020–present) Vice-Chancellors * Bertrand Hallward (1948 - 1965) * Frederick Dainton, Baron Dainton (1965 - 1970) * John Butterfield, Baron Butterfield (1971 - 1975) * Basil Weedon (1976 - 1988) * Sir Colin Campbell (1988 - 2008) * Sir David Greenaway (2008 - September 2017) * Shearer West (October 2017 – present) Notable alumni Academia * Bob Boucher – Vice-Chancellor of the University of Sheffield * Arthur Carty – National Science Advisor to the Prime Minister of Canada * Sir Bernard Crossland – President of the Inst ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alumni Of The University Of East Anglia
This List of University of East Anglia alumni includes graduates and non-graduate former students of the University of East Anglia. The list includes one current monarch and former Prime Minister, two de facto heads of state, one Vice President, one Deputy Prime Minister, and two former Leaders of the House of Lords. The list also includes two Nobel laureates in Physiology or Medicine, one President of the Royal Society, two Lasker Award winners, and a further 11 Fellows of the Royal Society. Literary alumni include one Nobel laureate in Literature, three Booker Prize winners, 11 Costa Book Award (formerly Whitbread Award) winners, and three Caine Prize winners. Politics and government Heads of state and government United Kingdom Europe Middle East Asia Oceania Americas Africa Diplomats Science and academia Science and public health ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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