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William Cotton (Lord Mayor)
Sir William James Richmond Cotton (13 November 1822 – 4 June 1902) was an English merchant and Conservative Party politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1874 to 1885. Life Cotton was born at Stratford, London, the son of William Cotton and his wife Caroline Richmond. He became a London merchant and owned iron mines in Norway as well as the Sun and Topping wharves at London Bridge. He was a commissioner of the Inland Revenue and a director of the Liverpool and London Globe Fire and Life Assurance Co. He was a J.P. for Middlesex, Hertfordshire and the City of London. Cotton was a member of the Haberdashers Company, the Saddlers Company the Turners Company and the Fan Makers Company, and filled the mastership of the three first-named. He was a trustee of St Andrew Undershaft, chairman of the Mary Datchelor Girls' School governors, a governor of Queen Anne's Bounty, a governor of the Royal Hospitals, a member of the committee of Aske's Charity and president of the C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
William James Richmond Cotton Vanity Fair 5 September 1885
William is a masculine given name of Norman French origin.Hanks, Hardcastle and Hodges, ''Oxford Dictionary of First Names'', Oxford University Press, 2nd edition, , p. 276. It became very popular in the English language after the Norman conquest of England in 1066,All Things William"Meaning & Origin of the Name"/ref> and remained so throughout the Middle Ages and into the modern era. It is sometimes abbreviated "Wm." Shortened familiar versions in English include Will, Wills, Willy, Willie, Liam, Bill, and Billy. A common Irish form is Liam. Scottish diminutives include Wull, Willie or Wullie (as in Oor Wullie or the play ''Douglas''). Female forms are Willa, Willemina, Wilma and Wilhelmina. Etymology William is related to the German given name ''Wilhelm''. Both ultimately descend from Proto-Germanic ''*Wiljahelmaz'', with a direct cognate also in the Old Norse name ''Vilhjalmr'' and a West Germanic borrowing into Medieval Latin ''Willelmus''. The Proto-Germanic n ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1874 United Kingdom General Election
The 1874 United Kingdom general election saw the incumbent Liberals, led by William Gladstone, lose decisively, even though it won a majority of the votes cast. Benjamin Disraeli's Conservatives won the majority of seats in the House of Commons, largely because they won a number of uncontested seats. It was the first Conservative victory in a general election since 1841. Gladstone's decision to call an election surprised his colleagues, for they were aware of large sectors of discontent in their coalition. For example, the nonconformists were upset with education policies; many working-class people disliked the new trade union laws and the restrictions on drinking. The Conservatives were making gains in the middle-class, Gladstone wanted to abolish the income tax, but failed to carry his own cabinet. The result was a disaster for the Liberals, who went from 387 MPs to only 242. Conservatives jumped from 271 to 350. For the first time, the Irish nationalists were elected. Glad ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Philip Twells
Philip Twells (1808 – 8 May 1880) was a Conservative Party politician. Life He was the second son of John Twells and his wife Mary Line. He attended Charterhouse School, and matriculated in 1827 at Worcester College, Oxford, graduating B.A. in 1831, M.A. in 1833. He was a banker, and was called to the bar The call to the bar is a legal term of art in most common law jurisdictions where persons must be qualified to be allowed to argue in court on behalf of another party and are then said to have been "called to the bar" or to have received "call to ... at Lincoln's Inn in 1834. The family bank, set up by Matthias Attwood, traded as Spooner, Attwoods and Co. of Lombard Street, London, Lombard Street. In 1863, the private bank Barclay, Bevan, Tritton and Co., precursor to the Barclay Group, took it over. At that point Twells became a partner in the enlarged concern. Twells first stood for election for City of London (UK Parliament constituency), City of London in 1868 but was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1885 United Kingdom General Election
The 1885 United Kingdom general election was held from 24 November to 18 December 1885. This was the first general election after an extension of the franchise and redistribution of seats. For the first time a majority of adult males could vote and most constituencies by law returned a single member to Parliament, fulfilling one of the ideals of Chartism to provide direct single-member, single-electorate accountability. It saw the Liberals, led by William Gladstone, win the most seats, but not an overall majority. As the Irish Nationalists held the balance of power between them and the Conservatives who sat with an increasing number of allied Unionist MPs (referring to the Union of Great Britain and Ireland), this exacerbated divisions within the Liberals over Irish Home Rule and led to a Liberal split and another general election the following year. The 1885 election saw the first socialist party participate, with the Social Democratic Federation led by H. M. Hyndman sta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
William Lawrence (London MP)
Sir William Lawrence (1818 – 18 April 1897) was an English builder and Liberal Party politician who sat in the House of Commons in two periods between 1865 and 1885. Biography Lawrence was the eldest son of William Lawrence, an alderman of the City of London, and his wife Jane Clarke, daughter of James Clarke. He was a builder in London and a partner in the firm of William Lawrence and Sons Builders. In 1857 he was High Sheriff of London and Middlesex for a year and in 1863 to 1864 Lord Mayor of London. He was a Deputy Lieutenant for the City of London, a J.P. for Middlesex and Westminster and an alderman of London. At the 1865 general election Lawrence was elected as a Member of Parliament (MP) for the City of London, but lost the seat in 1874. He was re-elected at the 1880 general election and held the seat until the next general election, in 1885, when representation was reduced from four to two under the Redistribution of Seats Act 1885. He was the last Liberal to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
George Goschen, 1st Viscount Goschen
George Joachim Goschen, 1st Viscount Goschen, PC, DL, FBA (10 August 1831 – 7 February 1907) was a British statesman and businessman best remembered for being "forgotten" by Lord Randolph Churchill. He was initially a Liberal, then a Liberal Unionist before joining the Conservative Party in 1893. While Chancellor of the Exchequer, in 1888, he introduced the Goschen formula to allocate funding for Scotland and Ireland. Background, education and business career He was born in London, the son of Wilhelm Heinrich (William Henry) Goschen, who emigrated from Leipzig. His grandfather was the prominent German printer Georg Joachim Göschen. He was educated at Rugby under Tait, and at Oriel College, Oxford, where he took a first in Literae Humaniores. He entered his father's firm of Fruhling & Goschen, of Austin Friars, in 1853, and three years later became a director of the Bank of England. From 1874 to 1880, Goschen was Governor (Company chairman) of the Hudson's Bay Comp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John Hubbard, 1st Baron Addington
John Gellibrand Hubbard, 1st Baron Addington PC (21 March 1805 – 28 August 1889), was a City of London financier and a Conservative Party politician. Hubbard was born at Stratford Grove, Essex, the son of John Hubbard and his wife Marianne Morgan. He was a merchant in the City of London being head of the firm 'J. Hubbard & Co.', Russian Merchants. He was by profession a banker, his family had a business in St Petersburg, which was not strictly commercial, but had an operation in London. It was enough for him to become a director of Guardian Fire and Life Assurance Co. In 1838 he joined the elite as a director of the Bank of England, later rising to become successively Deputy Governor and then Governor. Convinced capital and income should be treated differently he lobbied parliament to recognise the legal treatment of income tax on earned income only, which was eventually achieved in 1907. He was of Chairman of the Public Works and Exchequer Loan Committee between 1853 an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Robert Wigram Crawford
Robert Wigram Crawford (18 April 1813 – 30 July 1889) was a British East India merchant, Governor of the Bank of England, and a Liberal Party politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1857 to 1874. Crawford was the son of William Crawford, M.P. for London 1833–41, and his wife Dorothy Elizabeth Rees. He lived in Bombay for several years, where he was a partner in the firm of Remington & Co. He then headed the firm of Crawford, Colvin, and Co., East India Merchants of London. (See the Colvin family for more on these connections.) He was chairman of the East Indian and the Mexican Railway Companies. In 1869, he became a Governor of the Bank of England, having earlier served as its Deputy Governor Black Friday (1869) occurred during Crawford's tenure as Governor. He was also a Commissioner of Lieutenancy for London, and a Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society. Crawford stood for parliament at Harwich in 1851, where he was elected Member of Parliament when the sitti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
St Mary The Virgin, East Barnet
St Mary the Virgin is the Church of England parish church for East Barnet within the Diocese of St Albans. It is located on Church Hill. History Early history The church was originally constructed in 1080, as a small chapel on the hill. It was dedicated to St Mary the Virgin. The Abbot of St Albans consecrated it and he became both Patron and Rector until the Reformation. After the Reformation, the church's rector was appointed by the reigning monarch – a practice which continues to this day. The first chapel had thick walls made of compressed rubble, lime and plaster with stone around the openings. The windows had no glass. Much of the north wall is from that time. The frame of the door on the south side is probably also from that same period. The chapel might have had an apse. The church on Chipping Barnet hill was probably founded in the middle of the 13th century, almost certainly as a chapel-at-ease to that of St Mary at East Barnet. It is certain that it had b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Knight Bachelor
The title of Knight Bachelor is the basic rank granted to a man who has been knighted by the monarch but not inducted as a member of one of the organised orders of chivalry; it is a part of the British honours system. Knights Bachelor are the most ancient sort of British knight (the rank existed during the 13th-century reign of King Henry III), but Knights Bachelor rank below knights of chivalric orders. A man who is knighted is formally addressed as " Sir irst Name urname or "Sir irst Name and his wife as "Lady urname. Criteria Knighthood is usually conferred for public service; amongst its recipients are all male judges of His Majesty's High Court of Justice in England. It is possible to be a Knight Bachelor and a junior member of an order of chivalry without being a knight of that order; this situation has become rather common, especially among those recognized for achievements in entertainment. For instance, Sir Michael Gambon, Sir Derek Jacobi, Sir Anthony Hopkins ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chamberlain Of London
The Chamberlain of the City of London is an ancient office of the City of London, dating back to at least 1237. The Chamberlain is the finance director of the City of London Corporation. They are the financial adviser, accountant, receiver and paymaster and are responsible for the City of London's local and private trust funds. The Chamberlain is responsible for making arrangements for the investment of City of London and other funds and is one of the three official trustees. The role is assisted by the Clerk of the Chamber or Chamberlain's Court, a similarly ancient role. The Lord Mayor of London, elected annually, is the leader of the Corporation. Through the Chamberlain's Court they administer the admission to the Freedom of the City and personally admit all honorary freemen. The Chamberlain is responsible to the Court of Aldermen for constituting new livery companies and for interpreting and amending their ordinances and charters. The Chamberlain's relationship with the C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
London School Board
The School Board for London, commonly known as the London School Board (LSB), was an institution of local government and the first directly elected body covering the whole of London. The Elementary Education Act 1870 was the first to provide for education for the whole population of England and Wales. It created elected school boards, which had power to build and run elementary schools where there were insufficient voluntary school places; they could also compel attendance. In most places, the school boards were based on borough districts or civil parishes, but in London the board covered the whole area of the Metropolitan Board of Works – the area today known as Inner London. Between 1870 and 1904, the LSB was the single largest educational provider in London and the infrastructure and policies it developed were an important influence on London schooling long after the body was abolished. School board members The entire board was elected every three years, with the first ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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