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Wilhelm Schallmayer
Friedrich Wilhelm Schallmayer (February 10, 1857 – October 4, 1919) was Germany's first advocate of eugenics who, along with Alfred Ploetz, founded the German eugenics movement. Schallmayer made a lasting impact on the eugenics movement. Early life and academics After graduation from secondary school in 1876, Schallmayer joined the army as a one-year volunteer. However, due to a "loss of fitness for military duty," caused by overexertion from a military exercise, Schallmayer was discharged from the military, and the potential of a military career ended for him. Sheila Weiss wrote that his brief and unhappy experience in the army likely led to his life-long anti-militarism. Schallmayer was the first born of eleven children and was able to attend the university because his father owned a prosperous carriage and wagon business. Prior to studying medicine, Schallmayer studied philosophy and the social sciences. In 1881, Schallmayer enrolled in the Faculty of Medicine in Munich, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mindelheim
Mindelheim (; Swabian German, Swabian: ''Mindelhoi'') is a Town#Germany, town in Swabia (Bavaria), Swabia, Bavaria, Germany. The town is the Capital (political), capital of the Unterallgäu district. At various points in history it was the chief settlement of an Principality of Mindelheim, eponymous state. Geography Mindelheim is located on the river Mindel, about west of the Bavarian capital of Munich. Other towns nearby are Memmingen and the destination spa, health resorts of Bad Grönenbach, Ottobeuren and Bad Wörishofen. Mindelheim is located close to the Bundesautobahn 96, Autobahn 96 leading from Munich to Lindau. Furthermore, Mindelheim station is on the Buchloe–Memmingen railway, which connects to Zürich Central Station, Zürich via Memmingen station, Memmingen and Lindau Central Station, Lindau and to Munich Central Station, Munich via Buchloe, and the Central Swabian Railway (''Mittelschwabenbahn''), which connects to Günzburg station, Günzburg via Krumbach, Ba ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nazi Germany
Nazi Germany (lit. "National Socialist State"), ' (lit. "Nazi State") for short; also ' (lit. "National Socialist Germany") (officially known as the German Reich from 1933 until 1943, and the Greater German Reich from 1943 to 1945) was the German state between 1933 and 1945, when Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party controlled the country, transforming it into a dictatorship. Under Hitler's rule, Germany quickly became a totalitarian state where nearly all aspects of life were controlled by the government. The Third Reich, meaning "Third Realm" or "Third Empire", alluded to the Nazi claim that Nazi Germany was the successor to the earlier Holy Roman Empire (800–1806) and German Empire (1871–1918). The Third Reich, which Hitler and the Nazis referred to as the Thousand-Year Reich, ended in May 1945 after just 12 years when the Allies defeated Germany, ending World War II in Europe. On 30 January 1933, Hitler was appointed chancellor of Germany, the head of gove ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
People From Mindelheim
A person ( : people) is a being that has certain capacities or attributes such as reason, morality, consciousness or self-consciousness, and being a part of a culturally established form of social relations such as kinship, ownership of property, or legal responsibility. The defining features of personhood and, consequently, what makes a person count as a person, differ widely among cultures and contexts. In addition to the question of personhood, of what makes a being count as a person to begin with, there are further questions about personal identity and self: both about what makes any particular person that particular person instead of another, and about what makes a person at one time the same person as they were or will be at another time despite any intervening changes. The plural form "people" is often used to refer to an entire nation or ethnic group (as in "a people"), and this was the original meaning of the word; it subsequently acquired its use as a plural form of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
History Of Eugenics
The history of eugenics is the study of development and advocacy of ideas related to eugenics around the world. Early eugenic ideas were discussed in Ancient Greece and Rome. The height of the modern eugenics movement came in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. History The eugenics was most famously expounded by Plato, who believed human reproduction should be monitored and controlled by the state. However, Plato understood this form of government control would not be readily accepted, and proposed the truth be concealed from the public via a fixed lottery. Mates, in Plato's Republic (Plato), ''Republic'', would be chosen by a "marriage number" in which the quality of the individual would be quantitatively analyzed, and persons of high numbers would be allowed to procreate with other persons of high numbers. In theory, this would lead to predictable results and the improvement of the human race. However, Plato acknowledged the failure of the "marriage number" since "gold soul" ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
German Eugenicists
German(s) may refer to: * Germany (of or related to) **Germania (historical use) * Germans, citizens of Germany, people of German ancestry, or native speakers of the German language ** For citizens of Germany, see also German nationality law **Germanic peoples (Roman times) * German language **any of the Germanic languages * German cuisine, traditional foods of Germany People * German (given name) * German (surname) * Germán, a Spanish name Places * German (parish), Isle of Man * German, Albania, or Gërmej * German, Bulgaria * German, Iran * German, North Macedonia * German, New York, U.S. * Agios Germanos, Greece Other uses * German (mythology), a South Slavic mythological being * Germans (band), a Canadian rock band * "German" (song), a 2019 song by No Money Enterprise * ''The German'', a 2008 short film * "The Germans", an episode of ''Fawlty Towers'' * ''The German'', a nickname for Congolese rebel André Kisase Ngandu See also * Germanic (other) * Germa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1919 Deaths
Events January * January 1 ** The Czechoslovak Legions occupy much of the self-proclaimed "free city" of Pressburg (now Bratislava), enforcing its incorporation into the new republic of Czechoslovakia. ** HMY ''Iolaire'' sinks off the coast of the Hebrides; 201 people, mostly servicemen returning home to Lewis and Harris, are killed. * January 2– 22 – Russian Civil War: The Red Army's Caspian-Caucasian Front begins the Northern Caucasus Operation against the White Army, but fails to make progress. * January 3 – The Faisal–Weizmann Agreement is signed by Emir Faisal (representing the Arab Kingdom of Hejaz) and Zionist leader Chaim Weizmann, for Arab–Jewish cooperation in the development of a Jewish homeland in Palestine, and an Arab nation in a large part of the Middle East. * January 5 – In Germany: ** Spartacist uprising in Berlin: The Marxist Spartacus League, with the newly formed Communist Party of Germany and the Independent Social Democ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1857 Births
Events January–March * January 1 – The biggest Estonian newspaper, ''Postimees'', is established by Johann Voldemar Jannsen. * January 7 – The partly French-owned London General Omnibus Company begins operating. * January 9 – The 7.9 Fort Tejon earthquake shakes Central and Southern California, with a maximum Mercalli intensity of IX (''Violent''). * January 24 – The University of Calcutta is established in Calcutta, as the first multidisciplinary modern university in South Asia. The University of Bombay is also established in Bombay, British India, this year. * February 3 – The National Deaf Mute College (later renamed Gallaudet University) is established in Washington, D.C., becoming the first school for the advanced education of the deaf. * February 5 – The Federal Constitution of the United Mexican States is promulgated. * March – The Austrian garrison leaves Bucharest. * March 3 ** France and the United Kingdom for ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oda Olberg
Oda Olberg (1872-1955), also known as Oda Olberg-Lerda, was a German-born journalist, socialist and feminist. Her career was cut short by the rise of Fascism in Italy and Germany. Life Oda Olberg was born in Bremerhaven on 2 October 1872, the daughter of a German naval officer. In 1896 she moved to Italy, and in 1897 married the Italian socialist Giovanni Lerda. She became foreign affairs editor for ''Avanti!'', the newspaper of the Italian Socialist Party, and in 1899 the official foreign correspondent for the ''Arbeiter-Zeitung''. A feminist, in 1902 Olberg published ''Women and Intellectualism'' as a rejoinder to 'On the Physiological Feeblemindedess of Woman' by Paul Julius Möbius. Olberg argued that 'intellectual workers' bore eugenic responsibility for the 'race'. Though neither men nor women should make successive generations pay by 'excessive' mental application, mothering should ideally be imbued with intellectual elements. In favourable environmental circumstances this ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Social Democratic Party Of Germany
The Social Democratic Party of Germany (german: Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands, ; SPD, ) is a centre-left social democratic political party in Germany. It is one of the major parties of contemporary Germany. Saskia Esken has been the party's leader since the 2019 leadership election together with Lars Klingbeil, who joined her in December 2021. After Olaf Scholz was elected chancellor in 2021 the SPD became the leading party of the federal government, which the SPD formed with the Greens and the Free Democratic Party, after the 2021 federal election. The SPD is a member of 11 of the 16 German state governments and is a leading partner in seven of them. The SPD was established in 1863. It was one of the earliest Marxist-influenced parties in the world. From the 1890s through the early 20th century, the SPD was Europe's largest Marxist party, and the most popular political party in Germany. During the First World War, the party split between a pro-war mainstream ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alfred Grotjahn
Alfred Grotjahn (25 November 1869 – 4 September 1931) was a German German(s) may refer to: * Germany (of or related to) **Germania (historical use) * Germans, citizens of Germany, people of German ancestry, or native speakers of the German language ** For citizens of Germany, see also German nationality law **Ge ... physician, :de:Sozialhygiene, social hygienist, Eugenics, eugenicist, journalist-author and, for three years between 1921 and 1924, a :de: Liste der Reichstagsabgeordneten der Weimarer Republik (1. Wahlperiode), Member of the Reichstag (Weimar Republic), Reichstag (national parliament) in the recently launched Weimar Republic, German republic. He became celebrated as a pioneer, and among admirers an inventor, of the discipline of :de:Sozialhygiene , "social hygiene" which, in Germany, was not merely an ephemeral euphemism for the sociological study of sexually transmitted diseases, but embraced a series of topics along the interface between sociology and medicine. W ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wilhelmine
The Wilhelmine Period () comprises the period of German history between 1890 and 1918, embracing the reign of Kaiser Wilhelm II in the German Empire from the resignation of Chancellor Otto von Bismarck until the end of World War I and Wilhelm's abdication during the November Revolution. It affected the society, politics, culture, art and architecture of Germany and roughly coincided with the Belle Époque era of Western Europe. Overview The term "Wilhelminism" (''Wilhelminismus'') is not meant as a conception of society associated with the name Wilhelm and traceable to an intellectual initiative of the German Emperor. Rather, it relates to the image presented by Wilhelm II and his demeanour, as manifested by the public presentation of grandiose military parades and self-aggrandisement on his part. The latter tendency had already been noticed by his grandfather, Emperor Wilhelm I, while the latter's father, later Frederick III, was Crown Prince. Wilhelminism also characte ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Diane Paul
Diane B. Paul (born February 4, 1946) is an American historian of science who is Emeritus Professor of Political Science in the College of Liberal Arts at the University of Massachusetts Boston. She taught in the University of Massachusetts Boston's Department of Political Science for 33 years prior to her retirement in 2003. Among the positions she held at this university was Director of the Program in Science, Technology, and Society. Since then, she has taught at the University of Wisconsin–Madison and the University of California, Los Angeles. She also served as a visiting scholar at the University of Texas Medical Branch's Health Institute for the Medical Humanities from January to March 2018. An expert in the history of evolutionary biology and genetics, she is the former editor of the American Philosophical Society The American Philosophical Society (APS), founded in 1743 in Philadelphia, is a scholarly organization that promotes knowledge in the sciences and humanit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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