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White Municipal Party
The White Municipal Party was a white supremacist political organization established in Tampa, Florida to eliminate African American influence in municipal elections. The group limited local elections to white candidates for many years by excluding African Americans from party membership and thereby blocking them from participating in primary elections where the eventual election winners were actually determined. The party produced an unbroken series of mayors in Tampa from 1910 until 1947.https://www.tbo.com/south-tampa/mayors-offer-history-lesson-on-tampa-st-pete-91380 Florida politics had been dominated by one party, the Democratic Party, since the 1880s. And in 1902 the Florida Democratic Party limited membership to whites only. The formation of the White Municipal Party followed an attempt by Zacariah D. Greene, a lawyer and principal at Harlem Academy to run for a municipal judgeship. City officials prevented him from running and Judge Wall dismissed his appeal. The judge be ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
White Supremacist
White supremacy or white supremacism is the belief that white people are superior to those of other Race (human classification), races and thus should dominate them. The belief favors the maintenance and defense of any Power (social and political), power and White privilege, privilege held by white people. White supremacy has roots in the Pseudoscience, now-discredited doctrine of scientific racism and was a key justification for European colonialism. As a Ideology, political ideology, it imposes and maintains cultural, Color line (racism), social, Racial segregation, political, Pseudohistory, historical, and/or institutional racism, institutional domination by white people and non-white supporters. In the past, this ideology had been put into effect through socioeconomic and legal structures such as the Atlantic slave trade, Jim Crow laws in the United States, the White Australia policy, White Australia policies from the 1890s to the mid-1970s, and apartheid in South Africa. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tampa, Florida
Tampa () is a city on the Gulf Coast of the United States, Gulf Coast of the U.S. state of Florida. The city's borders include the north shore of Tampa Bay and the east shore of Old Tampa Bay. Tampa is the largest city in the Tampa Bay area and the County seat, seat of Hillsborough County, Florida, Hillsborough County. With a population of 384,959 according to the 2020 census, Tampa is the third-most populated city in Florida after Jacksonville, Florida, Jacksonville and Miami and is the List of United States cities by population, 52nd most populated city in the United States. Tampa functioned as a military center during the 19th century with the establishment of Fort Brooke. The cigar industry was also brought to the city by Vicente Martinez Ybor, Vincente Martinez Ybor, after whom Ybor City is named. Tampa was formally reincorporated as a city in 1887, following the American Civil War, Civil War. Today, Tampa's economy is driven by tourism, health care, finance, insurance, tec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Harlem Academy (Tampa)
Harlem Academy School, or School #2, was a school for African Americans in Tampa, Florida. Christina Meacham, Zacariah D. Greene and Blanche Armwood served as principals at the school. It was originally built with support from the Freedmens Bureau. History Classes were initially held at the Hillsborough County Courthouse in 1868 and the school was originally known as School #2. A school building was constructed in 1889 at Harrison and Morgan Streets in what was then known as the "Scrub" area of Tampa. It burned in 1892 and was replaced in 1895. As of 1904 there were 472 students. A brick building was erected for the school in 1912. It closed in 1964. The school participated in the Jamestown Exposition of 1907, a World's Fair, as part of the Negro Building exhibitions. Christina Meacham, one of the school's principals, helped organize the Florida Negro Teacher's Association. In 1927, the school was renamed in honor of Meacham. Today, a Tampa Middle school is named for her. T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pam Iorio
Pamela Dorothy Iorio (born April 27, 1959) is an American politician and author, who served as mayor of Tampa, Florida from 2003 to 2011. Early life, education, and family Iorio moved with her family to Temple Terrace as an infant and attended Hillsborough County public schools. Iorio earned her bachelor's degree from American University and followed up with her masters at the University of South Florida. Iorio has been married to Mark Woodard, County Administrator for Pinellas County, since 1987, and they have two children, Caitlin and Graham. Her father, John Iorio, was an Italian immigrant and English professor, and one of the first professors at the University of South Florida. Career In 1985, at the age of 26, she became the youngest person ever elected to the Hillsborough County Commission. For a decade before her successful run for mayor, she served as Supervisor of Elections for Hillsborough County. During the 2000 presidential election recount, she was the president of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Florida Historical Society
The Florida Historical Society is an organization that promotes the study of the history of Florida. Incorporated in 1856, the Society collects, preserves and publishes materials relating to the history of Florida and its denizens. After being reorganized in 2002, the Society began annual meetings to provide a forum for professional historians, and others interested in Florida History. It publishes the journal ''Florida Historical Quarterly'', originally the ''Florida Historical Society Quarterly,'' an academic journal which releases new volumes four times a year, and manages the Library of Florida History. Established in 1856, the Florida Historical Society is dedicated to preserving Florida's past through the collection and archival maintenance of historical documents and photographs, the publication of scholarly research on Florida history, and educating the public about Florida history through a variety of public history projects and programs. The society maintains an extensi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
White Citizens Parties
White Citizens Parties were autonomous local parties (often county-based) in the Southern United States, that served as the public face and often directly as what would today be considered Political Action Committees for racist organizations like the Ku Klux Klan. These groups flourished after Reconstruction when the Union withdrew its troops from the South and the Democratic Party regained control from Republicans. The Citizens Parties were pivotal in establishing and maintaining Jim Crow legislation at the local level. They offered coordinated support of Democrats through the one-party South until it began opposing segregation in the later 20th century. Over time, many of the parties were subsumed into the Democratic Party. While the term White Citizens Party is common, these groups were never a cohesive third party. Local parties In Harrison County, Texas, which had been represented by African Americans in the state house, the Citizen's Party of Harrison County came to power a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jim Crow Laws
The Jim Crow laws were state and local laws enforcing racial segregation in the Southern United States. Other areas of the United States were affected by formal and informal policies of segregation as well, but many states outside the South had adopted laws, beginning in the late 19th century, banning discrimination in public accommodations and voting. Southern laws were enacted in the late 19th and early 20th centuries by white Southern Democrat-dominated state legislatures to disenfranchise and remove political and economic gains made by African Americans during the Reconstruction era. Jim Crow laws were enforced until 1965. In practice, Jim Crow laws mandated racial segregation in all public facilities in the states of the former Confederate States of America and in some others, beginning in the 1870s. Jim Crow laws were upheld in 1896 in the case of ''Plessy vs. Ferguson'', in which the Supreme Court laid out its "separate but equal" legal doctrine concerning faciliti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
White Citizens Councils
The Citizens' Councils (commonly referred to as the White Citizens' Councils) were an associated network of White supremacy, white supremacist, Racial segregation in the United States, segregationist organizations in the United States, concentrated in the Southern United States, South and created as part of a white backlash against the Supreme Court of the United States, US Supreme Court's List of landmark court decisions in the United States, landmark ''Brown v. Board of Education'' ruling. The first was formed on July 11, 1954. The name was changed to the Citizens' Councils of America in 1956. With about 60,000 members across the Southern United States, the groups were founded primarily to oppose racial integration of public schools: the logical conclusion of the ''Brown v. Board of Education'' ruling. The Councils also worked to oppose voter registration efforts in the South (where most African Americans had been Disfranchisement after Reconstruction era, disenfranchised since ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Mayors Of Tampa, Florida
The Mayor is the highest elected official in Tampa, Florida. Since its incorporation in 1856, the town has had 59 mayors. Tampa had no mayor from 1862 until 1866, during which time the city government was temporarily suspended during and immediately after the American Civil War. Election process In 1910, the white supremacist White Municipal Party was established in Tampa. It excluded African Americans from being members effectively excluding African American voters from having influence in the city's mayoral elections from 1910 until 1947. Since 1953, Tampa's municipal elections (including those for mayor) have been non-partisan. All qualified candidates are entered into the general election without a primary election. Candidates are required to disclose a party affiliation. If no candidate wins a majority of the vote, a runoff election is held between the top two vote-getters to decide the final outcome. Terms and term limits From the establishment of Tampa's city charter of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nixon V
Richard Milhous Nixon (January 9, 1913April 22, 1994) was the 37th president of the United States, serving from 1969 to 1974. A member of the Republican Party, he previously served as a representative and senator from California and was the 36th vice president from 1953 to 1961 under President Dwight D. Eisenhower. His five years in the White House saw reduction of U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War, détente with the Soviet Union and China, the first manned Moon landings, and the establishment of the Environmental Protection Agency and Occupational Safety and Health Administration. Nixon's second term ended early, when he became the only president to resign from office, as a result of the Watergate scandal. Nixon was born into a poor family of Quakers in a small town in Southern California. He graduated from Duke Law School in 1937, practiced law in California, then moved with his wife Pat to Washington in 1942 to work for the federal government. After active duty in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
