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Whistler (bird)
The Pachycephalidae are a family of bird species that includes the whistlers, shrikethrushes, and three of the pitohuis, and is part of the ancient Australo-Papuan radiation of songbirds. The family includes 64 species that are separated into five genera. Its members range from small to medium in size, and occupy most of Australasia. Australia and New Guinea are the centre of their diversity and, in the case of the whistlers, the South Pacific islands as far as Tonga and Samoa and parts of Asia as far as India. The exact delimitation of boundaries of the family are uncertain, and one species, the golden whistler, has been the subject of intense taxonomic scrutiny in recent years, with multiple subspecies and species-level revisions. Taxonomy and systematics The family Pachycephalidae was introduced (as the subfamily Pachycephalinae) by the English ornithologist William John Swainson in 1832. The genera ''Pachycare'', ''Hylocitrea'', the crested bellbird and the crested shriketi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rufous Whistler
The rufous whistler (''Pachycephala rufiventris'') is a species of whistler found in New Caledonia and Australia. Predominantly a reddish-brown and grey bird, it makes up for its subdued plumage with its song-making ability. Like many other members of the Pachycephalidae, it has a variety of musical calls. Taxonomy and systematics The rufous whistler was originally described in the genus '' Sylvia'' by the English ornithologist John Latham in 1801. It was subsequently classified within the genera ''Turdus'', ''Laniarius'', and ''Lanius'' before being classified in its present genus, ''Pachycephala''. Alternate names for the rufous whistler include the rufous-bellied whistler and white-bellied whistler. The latter name should not be confused with the species of the same name, '' Pachycephala leucogastra''. Some authorities have considered the black-headed, drab, and cinnamon-breasted whistlers to be subspecies of the rufous whistler. Subspecies Five subspecies are recognized ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oreoicidae
Oreoicidae is a newly recognized family (biology), family of small insectivorous songbirds from New Guinea and Australia, commonly known as the Australo-Papuan bellbirds. The family contains three genera, each containing a single species: ''Aleadryas'', which contains the rufous-naped bellbird; ''Ornorectes'', which contains the piping bellbird; and ''Oreoica'', which contains the crested bellbird. Taxonomy and systematics The three species contained in the family have been moved around between different family (biology), families for fifty years, including the Colluricinclidae (shrike-thrushes), Falcunculidae (shrike-tits) and Pachycephalidae (whistlers). A series of studies of the DNA of Australian birds between 2001 and 2006 found strong support for treating the three genera as a new family, which was formally named in 2016 (although the name had first been proposed by Sibley and Ahlquist in 1985). Within the passerines, the relationship of the Australo-Papuan bellbirds to oth ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Science (journal)
''Science'', also widely referred to as ''Science Magazine'', is the peer-reviewed academic journal of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) and one of the world's top academic journals. It was first published in 1880, is currently circulated weekly and has a subscriber base of around 130,000. Because institutional subscriptions and online access serve a larger audience, its estimated readership is over 400,000 people. ''Science'' is based in Washington, D.C., United States, with a second office in Cambridge, UK. Contents The major focus of the journal is publishing important original scientific research and research reviews, but ''Science'' also publishes science-related news, opinions on science policy and other matters of interest to scientists and others who are concerned with the wide implications of science and technology. Unlike most scientific journals, which focus on a specific field, ''Science'' and its rival ''Nature (journal), Nature'' c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Homobatrachotoxin
Batrachotoxin (BTX) is an extremely potent cardio- and neurotoxic steroidal alkaloid found in certain species of beetles, birds, and frogs. The name is from the Greek word grc, βάτραχος, bátrachos, frog, label=none. Structurally-related chemical compounds are often referred to collectively as batrachotoxins. It is an extremely poisonous alkaloid. In certain frogs, this alkaloid is present mostly on the skin. Such frogs are among those used for poisoning darts. Batrachotoxin binds to and irreversibly opens the sodium channels of nerve cells and prevents them from closing, resulting in paralysis and death. No antidote is known. History Batrachotoxin was discovered by Fritz Märki and Bernhard Witkop, at the National Institute of Arthritis and Metabolic Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, U.S.A. Märki and Witkop separated the potent toxic alkaloids fraction from ''Phyllobates bicolor'' and determined its chemical properties in 1963. They isolat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rufous
Rufous () is a color that may be described as reddish-brown or brownish-red, as of rust or oxidised iron. The first recorded use of ''rufous'' as a color name in English was in 1782. However, the color is also recorded earlier in 1527 as a diagnostic urine color. The word "rufous" is derived from the Latin ''rufus'', meaning "red", and is used as an adjective in the names of many animals—especially birds—to describe the color of their skin, fur, or plumage. See also * List of colours: N–Z *Lists of colours These are the lists of colors; * List of colors: A–F * List of colors: G–M * List of colors: N–Z * List of colors (compact) * List of colors by shade * List of color palettes * List of Crayola crayon colors * List of RAL colors * List of X ... * References {{Shades of brown Bird colours Shades of brown Shades of red ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
International Ornithologists' Union
The International Ornithologists' Union, formerly known as the International Ornithological Committee, is a group of about 200 international ornithologists, and is responsible for the International Ornithological Congress and other international ornithological activities, undertaken by its standing committees. International Ornithological Congress The International Ornithological Congress series forms the oldest and largest international series of meetings of ornithologists. It is organised by the International Ornithologists' Union. The first meeting was in 1884; subsequent meetings were irregular until 1926 since when meetings have been held every four years, except for two missed meetings during and in the immediate aftermath of the Second World War. Meetings See also * '' Birds of the World: Recommended English Names'', a book written by Frank Gill Frank Gill may refer to: * Frank Gill (Australian footballer) (1908–1970), Australian rules footballer with Carlton * Fran ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pamela Rasmussen
Pamela Cecile Rasmussen (born October 16, 1959) is an American ornithologist and expert on Asian birds. She was formerly a research associate at the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, D.C., and is based at the Michigan State University. She is associated with other major centers of research in the United States and the United Kingdom. Rasmussen's early research investigated South American seabirds and fossil birds from North America. She later specialised in Asian birds describing several new species and clarifying the status of others, particularly white-eyes and owls. More recently, she has been involved in large scale collaborations looking at patterns of global biodiversity, and has assessed the taxonomic status of South Asian vultures. She was the main author of '' Birds of South Asia: The Ripley Guide'', a landmark publication due to its greater geographical and species coverage compared to its predecessors. As a result of her study of museum bird specimens when resear ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Frank Gill (ornithologist)
Frank Bennington Gill (October 2, 1941 in New York City) is an American ornithology, ornithologist with worldwide research interests and birding experience. He is perhaps best known as the author of the textbook ''Ornithology'' (4th edition, 2019), the leading textbook in the field. Gill was raised in Teaneck, New Jersey. He reported that he became interested in birds at the age of seven, when his grandfather, Frank Rockingham Downing, showed him a song sparrow at a birdbath. This was the first time he had seen a bird through binoculars, "and I was hooked." After Gill received his Doctor of Philosophy, PhD in zoology from the University of Michigan in 1969 (where he had also completed his undergraduate degree), he joined the ornithology department at the Academy of Natural Sciences in Philadelphia. From 1969 to 1995, Gill was a full-time staff member of the academy, where he held various positions throughout his tenure, including that of chairman for the Department of Ornithol ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Colluricincla
A shrikethrush, also spelt shrike-thrush, is any one of eleven species of songbird that is a member of the genus ''Colluricincla''. They have nondescript, predominantly brown or grey, plumage, but are accomplished singers, their calls described as "strong, mellow and beautiful." Shrikethrushes are generally insectivorous, though have been recorded eating molluscs and berries. They build cup-shaped nests in the forks of trees. Taxonomy and systematics Nicholas Aylward Vigors and Thomas Horsfield described the genus in 1827, coining the genus name from the Ancient Greek words ''collurio'' "shrike" and ''cinclos'' "thrush". Noting the beak, they thought it related to shrikes or vangas, though its form was reminiscent of thrushes. Shrikethrushes were commonly known as colluricinclas in the 19th century, but their current name was in use by the late 19th century. Molecular studies by Norman and colleagues in 2009 and Jønsson and colleagues in 2010 show the shrikethrushes to lie withi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pseudorectes
''Pseudorectes'' is a bird genus in the family Pachycephalidae endemic to New Guinea. Pseudorectes Extant species It contains the following species: * White-bellied pitohui (''Pseudorectes incertus'') * Rusty pitohui (''Pseudorectes ferrugineus'') Former species Formerly, some authorities also considered the following species (or subspecies) as species within the genus ''Pseudorectes'': * Oriole whistler The oriole whistler (''Pachycephala orioloides''), also known as the yellow-throated whistler (leading to easy confusion with '' Pachycephala macrorhyncha''), is a species of bird in the family Pachycephalidae, which is endemic to the Solomon Isl ... (as ''Pseudorectes cinnamomeum'') References Bird genera {{Corvoidea-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pachycephala
''Pachycephala'' is a genus of birds native to Oceania and Southeast Asia. They are commonly known as typical whistlers. Older guidebooks may refer to them as thickheads, a literal translation of the generic name, which is derived from the Ancient Greek terms ''pachys'' "thick" + ''kephale'' "head". This lineage originated in Australo-Papua and later colonized the Indonesian and Philippine archipelagos to the west and the Pacific archipelagos to the east. Taxonomy and systematics Extant species There are forty-eight species of whistlers: * Olive whistler (''Pachycephala olivacea'') * Red-lored whistler (''Pachycephala rufogularis'') * Gilbert's whistler (''Pachycephala inornata'') * Mangrove whistler (''Pachycephala cinerea'') * Biak whistler (''Pachycephala melanorhyncha'') * Green-backed whistler (''Pachycephala albiventris'') * White-vented whistler (''Pachycephala homeyeri'') * Island whistler (''Pachycephala phaionota'') * Rusty whistler (''Pachycephala hyperythra'') * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Melanorectes
The black pitohui (''Melanorectes nigrescens'') is a species of bird in the monotypic genus of ''Melanorectes'' in the family Pachycephalidae. It is found throughout the highlands of New Guinea. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests. Taxonomy and systematics The black pitohui was originally described in the genus ''Rectes'' (a synonym for the genus ''Pitohui'') and re-classified to ''Melanorectes'' in 2013. Alternate names include black whistler and dusky pitohui. Subspecies The following six subspecies are recognized: * ''M. n. nigrescens'' – (Schlegel, 1871): Found in northwestern New Guinea * ''M. n. wandamensis'' – (Hartert, 1930): Found in Wandammen Peninsula (western New Guinea) * ''M. n. meeki'' – (Rothschild & Hartert, 1913): Originally described as a separate species in the genus ''Pitohui''. Found in west-central New Guinea * ''M. n. buergersi'' – ( Stresemann, 1922): Found in northern and east-central New Guinea * ''M. n. harter ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
