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Wealden Iron Industry
The Wealden iron industry was located in the Weald of south-eastern England. It was formerly an important industry, producing a large proportion of the bar iron made in England in the 16th century and most British cannon until about 1770. Ironmaking in the Weald used ironstone from various clay beds, and was fuelled by charcoal made from trees in the heavily wooded landscape. The industry in the Weald declined when ironmaking began to be fuelled by coke made from coal, which does not occur accessibly in the area. Resources Iron ore in the form of siderite, commonly known as iron stone or historically as mine, occurs in patches or bands in the Cretaceous clays of the Weald. Differing qualities of ore were extracted and mixed by experienced smelters to give the best results. Sites of opencast quarries survive from the pre-Roman and Roman eras, but medieval ore extraction was mainly done by digging a series of minepits about five metres in diameter and up to twelve metres deep ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cast Iron Railings In The V & A Given By St
Cast may refer to: Music * Cast (band), an English alternative rock band * Cast (Mexican band), a progressive Mexican rock band * The Cast, a Scottish musical duo: Mairi Campbell and Dave Francis * ''Cast'', a 2012 album by Trespassers William * ''Cast'', a 2018 album by KAT-TUN Science and technology * Casting (metalworking) ** Cast iron, a group of iron-carbon alloys * Cast (geology), a cavity formed by decomposition that once were covered by a casing material * Cast, visible piles of mineral-rich organic matter excreted above ground by earthworms * Cast of the eye, a condition in which the eyes do not properly align with each other when looking at an object * Orthopedic cast, a protective shell to hold a limb in place, for example to help in healing broken bones * Cast (computer science), to change the interpretation of a bit pattern from one data type to another in computer programming * Urinary cast, tubules found in urine * Google Cast, a protocol built into the Google C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
River Teise Near Furnace Mill - Geograph
A river is a natural flowing watercourse, usually freshwater, flowing towards an ocean, sea, lake or another river. In some cases, a river flows into the ground and becomes dry at the end of its course without reaching another body of water. Small rivers can be referred to using names such as creek, brook, rivulet, and rill. There are no official definitions for the generic term river as applied to geographic features, although in some countries or communities a stream is defined by its size. Many names for small rivers are specific to geographic location; examples are "run" in some parts of the United States, "burn" in Scotland and northeast England, and "beck" in northern England. Sometimes a river is defined as being larger than a creek, but not always: the language is vague. Rivers are part of the water cycle. Water generally collects in a river from precipitation through a drainage basin from surface runoff and other sources such as groundwater recharge, springs, a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sedlescombe
Sedlescombe is a village and civil parish in the Rother district of East Sussex, England. The village is on the B2244 road, about north of Hastings. The parish includes the hamlet of Kent Street, which is on the A21 road. The parish is in the High Weald Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty. The River Brede and its tributary the River Line flow through it; Powdermill Reservoir is on its eastern boundary. The 2011 Census recorded the parish's population as 1,476. Manor In the reign of Edward the Confessor (1042–66) Countess Godgifu was overlord of the manor of Sedlescombe. Her Lord of the manor was a Saxon called Leofsi, who also held a manor at Marden in what is now West Sussex. The Domesday Book records that by 1086 the Norman nobleman Robert, Count of Eu held the manor of Sedlescombe. His tenant-in-chief was one Walter, son of Lambert, who also held manors at Crowhurst, Hazelhurst and Ripe. The village name seems to derive from Old English 'setl' meaning a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Caesar's Invasions Of Britain
In the course of his Gallic Wars, Julius Caesar invaded Britain twice: in 55 and 54 BC. On the first occasion Caesar took with him only two legions, and achieved little beyond a landing on the coast of Kent. The second invasion consisted of 628 ships, five legions and 2,000 cavalry. The force was so imposing that the Britons did not dare contest Caesar's landing in Kent, waiting instead until he began to move inland. Caesar eventually penetrated into Middlesex and crossed the Thames, forcing the British warlord Cassivellaunus to surrender as a tributary to Rome and setting up Mandubracius of the Trinovantes as client king. Caesar included accounts of both invasions in his ''Commentarii de Bello Gallico'', with the first significant first-hand descriptions of the people, culture and geography of the island. This is effectively the start of the written history, or at least the protohistory, of Great Britain. Britain before Caesar Britain had long been known to the classical worl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hartfield
Hartfield is a village and civil parish in the Wealden district of East Sussex, England. The parish also includes the settlements of Colemans Hatch, Hammerwood and Holtye, all lying on the northern edge of Ashdown Forest. Geography The main village of Hartfield lies seven miles (11.2 km) south-west of Royal Tunbridge Wells where the B2110 road between Groombridge and Forest Row meets the B2026 road between Edenbridge and Maresfield. Governance Hartfield Parish Council consists of 13 members. The population of this ward as taken at the 2011 census was 2,639. The parish settlements Hartfield is the main village in the parish. The church is dedicated to St Mary the Virgin. There are three public houses: ''Anchor Inn''; ''Gallipot Inn''; and ''Haywagon Inn''. The village street is narrow, precluding much parking although The Anchor and Haywagon Inns have private car parks for patrons only. Note that the Haywagon Inn closed in 2015 following a planning application to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Northchapel
Northchapel is a village and civil parish in Chichester District in West Sussex, England. It stands on the A283 road just south of the Surrey border, around 9 km north of Petworth. The village is believed to have taken its name from a church which was once a chapelry and was the north chapel of the Manor of Petworth, and originally was two separate words, North and Chapel. History The earliest known human settlement is an Iron Age camp at Piper's Copse, the only one found on low ground in Sussex. The rampart is over high in places and almost circular, enclosing an area of just over . Iron Age pottery and iron slag have been found on the site. Roman and medieval pottery have also been found at Pipers Copse. Following the Saxon conquest of Sussex in the late 5th century AD it is likely that the Northchapel area, like much of the wet clay areas of the low Weald was used as summer pasture and pannage for pigs by people from Saxon villages along the coastal plain. These summer ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Broadfield, Crawley
Broadfield is one of 14 neighbourhoods within the town of Crawley in West Sussex, England. Broadfield is located in the south west of the town. It is bordered by Bewbush to the north, Southgate to the north east and Tilgate to the east. Broadfield is split across three local government wards, Broadfield, Bewbush & North Broadfield and Gossops Green & North East Broadfield. Broadfield was built in several stages and is relatively densely populated. There is a mixture of property types, including private estates, housing association, council houses and self-build. Broadfield has one central shopping parade, the Barton, which is one of the largest neighbourhood parade in the town. Unlike many of the parades in the town, which are council run, the Barton is owned and managed by the shop-owners. There is a wide variety of shops, a library, a church (shared by Anglicans, Catholics and Broadfield Christian Fellowship), a nearby mosque and a large medical centre. There is also a com ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vale Of Kent
The Vale of Kent, located in Kent, England, is the name given to the broad clay vale between the Greensand Ridge and the High Weald. The area is drained by a number of rivers, including the Beult, Eden, Medway, Stour and River Teise. Principal settlements in the Vale include Ashford and Tonbridge. Geology The Weald is the eroded remains of a geological structure, an anticline, a dome of layered Lower Cretaceous rocks cut through by erosion to expose the layers as sandstone ridges and clay valleys. The oldest rocks exposed at the centre of the anticline are correlated with the Purbeck Beds of the Upper Jurassic. Above these, the Cretaceous rocks, include the Wealden Group of alternating sands and clays - the Ashdown Sand, Wadhurst Clay, Tunbridge Wells Sand (collectively known as the Hastings Beds) and the Weald Clay. The Wealden Group is overlain by the Lower Greensand and the Gault Formation, consisting of the Gault Clay and the Upper Greensand.Gallois R.W. & Edmund ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
East Sussex
East Sussex is a ceremonial and non-metropolitan county in South East England on the English Channel coast. It is bordered by Kent to the north and east, West Sussex to the west, and Surrey to the north-west. The largest settlement in East Sussex is the city of Brighton and Hove. History East Sussex is part of the historic county of Sussex, which has its roots in the ancient kingdom of the South Saxons, who established themselves there in the 5th century AD, after the departure of the Romans. Archaeological remains are plentiful, especially in the upland areas. The area's position on the coast has also meant that there were many invaders, including the Romans and later the Normans. Earlier industries have included fishing, iron-making, and the wool trade, all of which have declined, or been lost completely. Governance Sussex was historically sub-divided into six rapes. From the 12th century the three eastern rapes together and the three western rapes together had ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Roman Conquest Of Britain
The Roman conquest of Britain refers to the conquest of the island of Britain by occupying Roman forces. It began in earnest in AD 43 under Emperor Claudius, and was largely completed in the southern half of Britain by 87 when the Stanegate was established. Conquest of the far north and Scotland took longer with fluctuating success. The Roman army was generally recruited in Italia, Hispania, and Gaul. To control the English Channel they used the newly formed fleet. The Romans under their general Aulus Plautius first forced their way inland in several battles against British tribes, including the Battle of the Medway, the Battle of the Thames, and in later years Caratacus's last battle and the Roman conquest of Anglesey. Following a widespread uprising in AD 60 in which Boudica sacked Camulodunum, VerulamiumChurchill, ''A History of the English-Speaking Peoples'', p. 7 and Londinium, the Romans suppressed the rebellion in the Defeat of Boudica. They went on ev ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Water-returning Engine
A water-returning engine was an early form of stationary steam engine, developed at the start of the Industrial Revolution in the middle of the 18th century. The first beam engines did not generate power by rotating a shaft but were developed as water pumps, mostly for draining mines. By coupling this pump with a water wheel, they could be used to drive machinery. The steam engine was not, as widely held, the ''cause'' of the Industrial Revolution, but rather arose as a result of it. The primary power source of the Revolution, certainly in the 18th century, was the water wheel, not the steam engine. The need for an independent prime-mover Blowing engines The origins of the water-returning engine begin with blowing engines used to provide the draught for blast furnaces and smelters. Although early furnaces may have been powered by human- or animal-powered bellows, once the Industrial Revolution began the new enlarged furnaces were blown by water wheel-powered blowing houses. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Treadmill
A treadmill is a device generally used for walking, running, or climbing while staying in the same place. Treadmills were introduced before the development of powered machines to harness the power of animals or humans to do work, often a type of mill operated by a person or animal treading the steps of a treadwheel to grind grain. In later times, treadmills were used as punishment devices for people sentenced to hard labor in prisons. The terms ''treadmill'' and ''treadwheel'' were used interchangeably for the power and punishment mechanisms. More recently, treadmills have instead been used as exercise machines for running or walking in one place. Rather than the user powering a mill, the device provides a moving platform with a wide conveyor belt driven by an electric motor or a flywheel. The belt moves to the rear, requiring the user to walk or run at a speed matching the belt. The rate at which the belt moves is the rate of walking or running. Thus, the speed of running m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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