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Water Management In Victoria (Australia)
Water management in Victoria deals with the management of water resources in and by the Australian State of Victoria. History Waterworks trusts Following droughts in the 1870s, the ''Water Conservation and Distribution Act 1881'' was passed to help establish local waterworks trusts. It allowed local trusts to borrow funds from the government for the construction of water supply works. The trusts could then charge water rates to users in order to recoup their costs and pay the interest on the loans. In 1887, the ''Mildura Irrigation Company'' was established as a privately owned water supply company in Mildura. After the collapse of its parent company in 1895, it became a co-operative known as the ''Mildura Irrigation Trust'', which later become known as the ''First Mildura Irrigation Trust'' (FMIT). This operated in the Mildura area until 2008 when it was forcibly taken over by the Victorian government. In December 1889, the shires of Oakleigh, Dandenong, Moorabbin, and Morning ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Australian State
The states and territories are federated administrative divisions in Australia, ruled by regional governments that constitute the second level of governance between the federal government and local governments. States are self-governing polities with incomplete sovereignty (having ceded some sovereign rights to federation) and have their own constitutions, legislatures, departments, and certain civil authorities (e.g. judiciary and law enforcement) that administer and deliver most public policies and programs. Territories can be autonomous and administer local policies and programs much like the states in practice, but are still constitutionally and financially subordinate to the federal government and thus have no true sovereignty. The Federation of Australia constitutionally consists of six federated states (New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, and Western Australia) and ten federal territories,Section 2B, Acts Interpretation Act 1901 out ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sewage Treatment
Sewage treatment (or domestic wastewater treatment, municipal wastewater treatment) is a type of wastewater treatment which aims to remove contaminants from sewage to produce an effluent that is suitable for discharge to the surrounding environment or an intended reuse application, thereby preventing water pollution from raw sewage discharges. Sewage contains wastewater from households and businesses and possibly pre-treated industrial wastewater. There are a high number of sewage treatment processes to choose from. These can range from decentralized systems (including on-site treatment systems) to large centralized systems involving a network of pipes and pump stations (called sewerage) which convey the sewage to a treatment plant. For cities that have a combined sewer, the sewers will also carry urban runoff (stormwater) to the sewage treatment plant. Sewage treatment often involves two main stages, called primary and secondary treatment, while advanced treatment also incor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
North South Pipeline
North is one of the four compass points or cardinal directions. It is the opposite of south and is perpendicular to east and west. ''North'' is a noun, adjective, or adverb indicating direction or geography. Etymology The word ''north'' is related to the Old High German ''nord'', both descending from the Proto-Indo-European unit *''ner-'', meaning "left; below" as north is to left when facing the rising sun. Similarly, the other cardinal directions are also related to the sun's position. The Latin word ''borealis'' comes from the Greek '' boreas'' "north wind, north", which, according to Ovid, was personified as the wind-god Boreas, the father of Calais and Zetes. ''Septentrionalis'' is from ''septentriones'', "the seven plow oxen", a name of ''Ursa Major''. The Greek ἀρκτικός (''arktikós'') is named for the same constellation, and is the source of the English word ''Arctic''. Other languages have other derivations. For example, in Lezgian, ''kefer'' can mean b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Land Degradation
Land degradation is a process in which the value of the biophysical environment is affected by a combination of human-induced processes acting upon the land. It is viewed as any change or disturbance to the land perceived to be deleterious or undesirable. Natural hazards are excluded as a cause; however human activities can indirectly affect phenomena such as floods and bush fires. This is considered to be an important topic of the 21st century due to the implications land degradation has upon agricultural productivity, the environment, and its effects on food security. It is estimated that up to 4% of the world's agricultural land is seriously degraded. According to the Special Report on Climate Change and Land of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change: "About a quarter of the Earth's ice-free land area is subject to human-induced degradation (medium confidence). Soil erosion from agricultural fields is estimated to be currently 10 to 20 times (no-tillage) to mor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Integrated Catchment Management
Integrated catchment management (ICM) is a subset of environmental planning which approaches sustainable resource management from a catchment perspective, in contrast to a piecemeal approach that artificially separates land management from water management. Integrated catchment management recognizes the existence of ecosystems and their role in supporting flora and fauna, providing services to human societies, and regulating the human environment. Integrated catchment management seeks to take into account complex relationships within those ecosystems: between flora and fauna, between geology, between soils and the biosphere, and between the biosphere and the atmosphere. Integrated catchment management recognizes the cyclic nature of processes within an ecosystem, and values scientific and technical information for understanding and analysing the natural world.Manaaki Whenua Conference 1999 ProceedingsIntegrated catchment management rediscovered: an essential tool for a new millenn ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Melbourne Water
Melbourne Water is a Victorian Government-owned statutory authority that controls and manages much of the water bodies and supplies in metropolitan Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, including the reservoirs, lakes, wetlands, canals and urban creeks, and the sewerage and drainage systems that services the city. Melbourne Water was formed by the merger of Melbourne and Metropolitan Board of Works and a number of smaller urban water authorities in 1992. Melbourne Water primarily operates under the ''Water Industry Act 1994'' and the ''Water Act 1989''. Overview Melbourne Water is wholly owned by the Victorian State Government. It manages Melbourne's water supply catchments, sewage, rivers and major drainage systems throughout the Port Phillip and Westernport region. Governance of Melbourne Water is by an independent Board of Directors in conjunction with the Minister for Water. Melbourne Water supplies water to the metropolitan retail water businesses (namely, City West Water ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sugarloaf Reservoir
Sugarloaf Reservoir is a reservoir at Christmas Hills 35 km north-east of Melbourne's central business district. History The structure was completed by Thiess Brothers in 1981, and has a total capacity of 96 gigalitres. Sugarloaf Reservoir includes a major pumping station and water treatment plant. Sugarloaf uses water pumped from the Yarra River at Yering Gorge and water transferred from Maroondah Reservoir via the Maroondah aqueduct. Sugarloaf is important in meeting peak summer demand in the northern parts of Melbourne. In February 2010, the North South Pipeline was completed, connecting the Goulburn River to the reservoir. It is the government's policy that water from the Goulburn only be used in times of critical human need: when Melbourne's total water storages are less than 30% full on 30 November of any year.Melbourne WaterNorth–South Pipeline/ref> The Sugarloaf Reservoir is operated by Melbourne Water. Recreational facilities Sugarloaf Sailing Club The Sugar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thomson Dam
The Thomson Dam is a major Clay core and rockfill embankment dam with a Uncontrolled, Ogee-shaped overflow weir and chute spillway across the Thomson River, located about east of Melbourne in the West Gippsland region of the Australian state of Victoria. The reservoir (or storage basin) created by the dam is officially called Thomson Reservoir, sometimes called Lake Thomson. Location and features The dam is located near the former township of Beardmore and the Baw Baw National Park. Despite opposition from conservationists and farmers, plans for the dam were originally approved in late December 1975 to provide Melbourne with water security. A dam on the Thomson River was preferred because the river had a large flow, high water quality and was elevated high enough to provide water to the upper Yarra system by gravity flow. Early work in the early 1970s saw construction of a tunnel through the Thomson Yarra divide to allow water from the Thomson River to flow into the Upper ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cardinia Reservoir
Cardinia Reservoir is an Australian man-made water supply saddle dam reservoir (water), reservoir. The water store is located in Emerald, Victoria, Emerald–Clematis, Victoria, Clematis–Dewhurst, Victoria, Dewhurst in south-eastern suburbs of Melbourne, Victoria (Australia), Victoria. Construction started in May 1970 and was completed in 1973 at a cost of more than 11.4 million. The dam that creates the impoundment is called the Cardinia Dam. History As Melbourne's water supplies struggled through the 1960s the need for additional water storage became evident. Cardinia Creek ran from the Dandenong Ranges to Western Port, passing through some small but well-defined hills south of the outer suburb of Emerald. This site was chosen as being suitable for a new reservoir. In 1966, plans for the construction of the Cardinia and Thomson Dam, Thomson reservoirs were accepted by the Government of Victoria. Construction of the Tarago Reservoir commenced in 1966 and was completed in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Greenvale Reservoir
Greenvale Reservoir is an off-stream water storage dam in northern Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. It has a capacity of . The dam was opened 18 April 1973 and is now managed by Melbourne Water. It is situated in the upper Yuroke Creek catchment, the major tributary of the Moonee Ponds Creek. It is in the north of the suburb of Greenvale and to the west of Roxburgh Park. The Greenvale Reservoir Park contains picnic tables, a playground and barbecues, and is managed by Parks Victoria Parks Victoria is a government agency of the state of Victoria, Australia. Parks Victoria was established in December 1996 as a statutory authority, reporting to the Victorian Minister for Environment and Climate Change. The ''Parks Victoria Ac .... It lies to the south and west of the dam. References External linksGreenvale Reservoir Park Parks VictoriaGreenvale Reservoir Fact Sheet from Melbourne Water Reservoirs in Victoria (Australia) Melbourne Water catchment Rivers of Great ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Upper Yarra Dam
The Upper Yarra Reservoir is located east of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, beyond Warburton within the locality of Reefton. Water from Upper Yarra Reservoir supplies towns in the upper Yarra Valley, and Silvan Reservoir, which transfers water to most parts of Melbourne. The management of 157,000 hectares of Melbourne's forested water catchments of the Upper Yarra such as the Watts ( Maroondah) were vested in the Melbourne and Metropolitan Board of Works (MMBW) in 1891. In 1928, the Upper Yarra catchment was permanently added for water supply purposes. Approval to construct Upper Yarra Reservoir was granted in the early 1940s but due to World War II work did not start until 1948. When the Upper Yarra Reservoir was completed the total storage capacity of Melbourne's system was tripled to nearly 300,000 megalitres. Upper Yarra Reservoir has a capacity of and was completed in 1957, initially for the purpose of preventing flooding downstream. Upper Yarra Reservoir is also supplie ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mount Evelyn Aqueduct Walk
The Mount Evelyn Aqueduct Walk uses part of the Mount Evelyn Aqueduct which once cut the town of Mount Evelyn, Victoria, Australia, in two. The Aqueduct was decommissioned on 7 February 1972, but the high costs of purchase and filling caused Lillydale Council to repeatedly defer negotiations to purchase the land from the Melbourne and Metropolitan Board of Works (MMBW). History In 1974–75, the Shire of Lillydale offered to buy land for a central park in Mount Evelyn for a low price ($10,000) on the grounds that the people of Mount Evelyn had been disadvantaged in the past by the aqueduct splitting the town and residents being unable to connect to the water supply, but the Board was unresponsive. In 1974, the Board sold a portion of the land at the junction of the old O'Shannassy Aqueduct and the Silvan Outlet channel for the Melba Centre, but the $120,000 price set for the whole Aqueduct was too high for Council. In May 1979, a series of chance encounters alerted David and Je ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
