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Warini
The Varini, Warni or Warini were one or more Germanic peoples who originally lived in what is now northeastern Germany, near the Baltic sea. They are first named in the Roman era, and appear to have survived into the Middle Ages. It is proposed that in Old English they were called Werns or Warns. Name and etymology Tacitus spelled the name as , Pliny the Elder as , Ptolemy as (), Procopius as (). Later attestations include or in the Old English ''Widsith'', and in the '. The name supposedly meant either "defenders" or "living by the river" (from the Indo-European root "water, rain, river"). Attestations Classical The earliest mention of this tribe appears in Pliny the Elder's '' Natural History'' (published about 77 AD). He wrote that there were five Germanic races, and one of these were the Vandals. These included the '' Burgodiones'', the ''Varinnae'', the Charini (not known from any other record) and the Gutones (Goths). Tacitus (about AD 56 – 120) gave the most ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lex Thuringorum
The ''Lex Thuringorum'' ("Law of the Thuringians") is a law code that survives today in one 10th-century manuscript, the Codex Corbeiensis, alongside a copy of the ''Lex Saxonum'', the law of the Saxons. The code was compiled in the first decade of the 9th century, probably 802–3, under Frankish patronage. The language of the law code is Latin and few Thuringians could have read it, nonetheless some must have cooperated with Frankish officials during the process of collecting and codifying the customs. The ''Lex Thuringorum'', the ''Lex Saxonum'', the '' Lex Francorum Chamavorum'' and the ''Lex Frisionum'' comprise the four so-called "Carolingian tribal laws" (''karolingischen Stammesrechte''), because they were produced at the same time at the direction of King Charles I in order to accommodate the differing legal customs of the nations living within his empire. They were neither totally faithful nor comprehensive reproductions of tribal law, but were created as part of a process ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Widsith
"Widsith" ( ang, Wīdsīþ, "far-traveller", lit. "wide-journey"), also known as "The Traveller's Song", is an Old English poem of 143 lines. It survives only in the ''Exeter Book'', a manuscript of Old English poetry compiled in the late-10th century, which contains approximately one-sixth of all surviving Old English poetry. "Widsith" is located between the poems " Vainglory" and " The Fortunes of Men". Since the donation of the ''Exeter Book'' in 1076, it has been housed in Exeter Cathedral in southwestern England. The poem is for the most part a survey of the people, kings, and heroes of Europe in the Heroic Age of Northern Europe. Date of original composition There is some controversy as to when "Widsith" was first composed. Some historians, such as John Niles, argue that the work was invented after King Alfred's rule to present "a common glorious past", while others, such as Kemp Malone, have argued that the piece is an authentic transcription of old heroic songs. Among ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anglii
The Angles ( ang, Ængle, ; la, Angli) were one of the main Germanic peoples who settled in Great Britain in the post-Roman period. They founded several kingdoms of the Heptarchy in Anglo-Saxon England. Their name is the root of the name ''England'' ("land of Ængle"). According to Tacitus, writing around 100 AD, a people known as Angles (Anglii) lived east of the Langobards and Semnones, who lived near the Elbe river. Etymology The name of the Angles may have been first recorded in Latinised form, as ''Anglii'', in the ''Germania'' of Tacitus. It is thought to derive from the name of the area they originally inhabited, the Anglia Peninsula (''Angeln'' in modern German, ''Angel'' in Danish). Multiple theories concerning the etymology of the name have been hypothesised: # According to Gesta Danorum Dan and Angul (Angel) were made rulers by the consent of their people because of their bravery. Dan gave name to Danes and Angel gave names to Angles. # It originated from ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1st Century Germani
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Germania (book)
The ''Germania'', written by the Roman historian Publius Cornelius Tacitus around 98 AD and originally entitled ''On the Origin and Situation of the Germans'' ( la, De origine et situ Germanorum), is a historical and ethnographic work on the Germanic peoples outside the Roman Empire. Contents The ''Germania'' begins with a description of the lands, laws, and customs of the Germanic people (chapters 1–27); it then describes individual peoples, beginning with those dwelling closest to Roman lands and ending on the uttermost shores of the Baltic, among the amber-gathering Aesti, the Fenni, and the unknown peoples beyond them. Tacitus says (chapter 2) that physically, the Germanic peoples appear to be a distinct nation, not an admixture of their neighbors, since nobody would desire to migrate to a climate as horrid as that of Germania. They are divided into three large branches, the Ingaevones, the Irminones, and the Istaevones, deriving their ancestry from three sons of Man ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Germania
Germania ( ; ), also called Magna Germania (English: ''Great Germania''), Germania Libera (English: ''Free Germania''), or Germanic Barbaricum to distinguish it from the Roman province of the same name, was a large historical region in north-central Europe during the Roman era, which was associated by Roman authors with the Germanic peoples. The region stretched roughly from the Middle and Lower Rhine in the west to the Vistula in the east. It also extended as far south as the Upper and Middle Danube and Pannonia, and to the known parts of Scandinavia in the north. Archaeologically, these peoples correspond roughly to the Roman Iron Age of those regions. While apparently dominated by Germanic peoples, Magna Germania was also inhabited by Celts. The Latin name ''Germania'' means "land of the Germani", but the etymology of the name ''Germani'' itself is uncertain. During the Gallic Wars of the 1st century BC, the Roman general Julius Caesar encountered peoples originating from ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nerthus
In Germanic paganism, Nerthus is a goddess associated with a ceremonial wagon procession. Nerthus is attested by first century AD Roman historian Tacitus in his ethnographic work ''Germania''. In ''Germania'', Tacitus records that a group of Germanic peoples were particularly distinguished by their veneration of the goddess. Tacitus describes the wagon procession in some detail: Nerthus's cart is found on an unspecified island in the "ocean", where it is kept in a sacred grove and draped in white cloth. Only a priest may touch it. When the priest detects Nerthus's presence by the cart, the cart is drawn by heifers. Nerthus's cart is met with celebration and peacetime everywhere it goes, and during her procession no one goes to war and all iron objects are locked away. In time, after the goddess has had her fill of human company, the priest returns the cart to her "temple" and slaves ritually wash the goddess, her cart, and the cloth in a "secluded lake". According to Tacitus, the s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nuithones
The Nuithones were one of the Nerthus-worshipping Germanic tribes mentioned by Tacitus in ''Germania''. Schüttebr>remarks that the name is probably corrupt and suggests that the correct forms were Teutones or Euthiones (Jutes). ''(Original Latin)'' "Reudigni deinde et Aviones et Anglii et Varini et Eudoses et Suardones et Nuithones fluminibus aut silvis muniuntur. Nec quicquam notabile in singulis, nisi quod in commune Nerthum, id est Terram matrem, colunt eamque intervenire rebus hominum, invehi populis arbitrantur. ..." --Tacitus, ''Germania'', 40. ''(English translation)'' "There follow in order the Reudignians, and Aviones, and Angles, and Varinians, and Eudoses, and Suardones and Nuithones; all defended by rivers or forests. Nor in one of these nations does aught remarkable occur, only that they universally join in the worship of ''Herthum (Nerthus)''; that is to say, the Mother Earth."--Tacitus, ''Germania'', 40, translated 1877 by Church and Brodribb.Tacitus', ''Germania ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Suardones
The Suarines or Suardones were one of the Nerthus-worshipping Germanic tribes mentioned by Tacitus in ''Germania''. They have otherwise been lost to history, but Schütte suggests that their name lives on in the name of the town Schwerin. Literary attestation Tacitus Tacitus mentions them amongst a group of tribes defended by rivers and forests, that worshipped Nerthus: ''(Original Latin)'' "Reudigni deinde et Aviones et Anglii et Varini et Eudoses et Suardones et Nuithones fluminibus aut silvis muniuntur. Nec quicquam notabile in singulis, nisi quod in commune Nerthum, id est Terram matrem, colunt eamque intervenire rebus hominum, invehi populis arbitrantur. ..." --Tacitus, ''Germania, 40. ''(English translation)'' "There follow in order the Reudignians, and Aviones, and Angles, and Varinians, and Eudoses, and Suardones and Nuithones; all defended by rivers or forests. Nor in one of these nations does aught remarkable occur, only that they universally join in the worship of '' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eudoses
The Jutes (), Iuti, or Iutæ ( da, Jyder, non, Jótar, ang, Ēotas) were one of the Germanic people, Germanic tribes who settled in Great Britain after the end of Roman rule in Britain, departure of the Roman Empire, Romans. According to Bede, they were one of the three most powerful Germanic nations, along with the Angles and the Saxons: There is no consensus amongst historians of the origins on the Jutes. However, there is some archaeological evidence to support a theory that they originated from the eponymous Jutland Peninsula (then called ''Iutum'' in Latin language, Latin) and to have populated parts of the North Frisian coast. Based on contemporary sources, it appears that they were a tribe of admixed Gutones, Cimbri, Teutons and Charudes, also called ''Eudoses'', ''Eotenas'', ''Iutae'' and ''Euthiones''. The Jutes invaded and settled in southern Britain in the later fifth century during the Migration Period, as part of a larger wave of Anglo-Saxon settlement of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aviones
The Aviones or Auiones (*''Awioniz'' meaning "island people") were one of the Nerthus-worshipping Germanic tribes of the 1st century mentioned by Tacitus in '' Germania'', and they lived either in the southern Jutland Peninsula, or on Öland. They are mentioned in ''Widsith'' as Eowan. Tacitus wrote of the group as defended by rivers and forests: ''(Original Latin)'' "Reudigni deinde et Aviones et Anglii et Varini et Eudoses et Suardones et Nuithones fluminibus aut silvis muniuntur. Nec quicquam notabile in singulis, nisi quod in commune Nerthum, id est Terram matrem, colunt eamque intervenire rebus hominum, invehi populis arbitrantur. ..." --Tacitus, '' Germania'', 40. ''(English translation)'' "There follow in order the Reudignians, and Aviones, and Angles, and Varinians, and Eudoses, and Suardones and Nuithones; all defended by rivers or forests. Nor in one of these nations does aught remarkable occur, only that they universally join in the worship of ''Herthum (Nerthus)''; th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Reudigni
The Reudigni were one of the Nerthus-worshipping Germanic tribes mentioned by Tacitus in ''Germania''. Schüttebr>suggests that the name should be read Rendingi or Randingi and then the name would be the same as the Rondings of ''Widsith''. They have otherwise been lost to history, but they may have lived in Denmark prior to the arrival of the Daner recorded by Jordanes. Schütte suggests that their name lives on in the names Randers and Rands Fjord, Denmark. ''(Original Latin)'' "Reudigni deinde et Aviones et Anglii et Varini et Eudoses et Suardones et Nuithones fluminibus aut silvis muniuntur. Nec quicquam notabile in singulis, nisi quod in commune Nerthum, id est Terram matrem, colunt eamque intervenire rebus hominum, invehi populis arbitrantur. ..." --Tacitus, ''Germania'', 40. ''(English translation)'' "There follow in order the Reudignians, and Aviones, and Angles, and Varinians, and Eudoses, and Suardones and Nuithones; all defended by rivers or forests. Nor in one of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
