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Wang Delin
Wang Delin (, 1875－1938) was a bandit, soldier, and leader of the National Salvation Army resisting the Japanese pacification of Manchukuo. Early life Wang Delin was born in October 1875. He became a bandit in Manchuria after the Russian invasion in July 1900 when Tsarist forces were sent to Northeast China, to protect the Russian-owned Chinese Eastern Railway or CER. Wang declared his opposition to both the Russians and China's Qing dynasty, describing himself as "forced to become an outlaw to cast out the Russians and save the nation". His band operated attacking trains along the eastern part of the CER, in the Muling and Suifenhe areas. He also attacked Russian shipping on the Songhua and Ussuri rivers and held captives for ransom. Wang was an outlaw for years, even beyond the fall of the Qing dynasty in 1911. Political actions In 1917, Wang agreed that he and his followers would become part of the Jilin provincial forces, himself as commander of the Third Battalion ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anti-Japanese Volunteer Armies
After the Japanese invasion of Manchuria, and until 1933, large volunteer armies waged war against Japanese and Manchukuo forces over much of Northeast China. Due to Chiang Kai-shek's policy of non-resistance, the Japanese were soon able to establish complete control. After the League of Nations refused to do more than voice its disapproval, there were many small guerrilla organizations which resisted Japanese and Manchu rule: * Jilin Self-Defence Army * Chinese People's National Salvation Army * Northeastern Volunteer Righteous and Brave Fighters * Northeastern Loyal and Brave Army * Northeast People's Anti-Japanese Volunteer Army * Northeast Anti-Japanese National Salvation Army * Northeast Anti-Japanese United Army * Heilungkiang National Salvation Army * Anti-Japanese Army for the Salvation of the Country Besides these armies there were other forces under leaders like Lao Pie-fang and others. Zhao Hong Wenguo was influential in supporting some armies such as the Iron and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dunhua
Dunhua (; Chosŏn'gŭl: 돈화; Hangul: 둔화) is a county-level city of the Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture in southeastern Jilin province, People's Republic of China. It has more than 480,000 inhabitants (as of 2002) and was the capital of Balhae between 742 and 756, known at the time as "Junggyeong". During the Qing dynasty it was called Áodōng () in Chinese and ''Odoli'' in Manchu. Geography and climate Dunhua is situated amongst the Changbai Mountains, its administrative area spanning 42°42′−44°30′ N latitude and 127°28′−129°13′ E longitude, reaching a maximal north–south extent of and east–west width of . Its total area of makes it, by area, the largest county-level city of the province. Dunhua has a four-season, monsoon-influenced, humid continental climate (Köppen ''Dwb''), with long, very cold winters, and short, but warm, humid summers. Spring and autumn constitute very short transitions with some, but usually not heavy, rainfall. The month ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Soviet Union
The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, it was nominally a federal union of fifteen national republics; in practice, both its government and its economy were highly centralized until its final years. It was a one-party state governed by the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, with the city of Moscow serving as its capital as well as that of its largest and most populous republic: the Russian SFSR. Other major cities included Leningrad (Russian SFSR), Kiev (Ukrainian SSR), Minsk ( Byelorussian SSR), Tashkent (Uzbek SSR), Alma-Ata (Kazakh SSR), and Novosibirsk (Russian SFSR). It was the largest country in the world, covering over and spanning eleven time zones. The country's roots lay in the October Revolution of 1917, when the Bolsheviks, under the leadership of Vladimir Lenin, overthrew the Russian Provisional Government ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Manchukuoan Anti Bandit Operations
The Pacification of Manchukuo was a Japanese counterinsurgency campaign to suppress any armed resistance to the newly established puppet state of Manchukuo from various anti-Japanese volunteer armies in occupied Manchuria and later the Communist Northeast Anti-Japanese United Army. The operations were carried out by the Imperial Japanese Kwantung Army and the collaborationist forces of the Manchukuo government from March 1932 until 1942, and resulted in a Japanese victory. Japan seizes control The earliest formation of large anti-Japanese partisan groups occurred in Liaoning and Kirin provinces due to the poor performance of the Fengtien Army in the first month of the Japanese invasion of Manchuria and to Japan's rapid success in removing and replacing the provincial authority in Fengtien and Kirin. The provincial government of Liaoning Province had fled west to Chinchow. Governor Zang Shiyi remained in Mukden, but refused to cooperate with the Japanese in establishing a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jilin Self-Defence Army
The Jilin Self-Defence Army was an anti-Japanese volunteer army formed to defend local Chinese residents against the Japanese invasion of northeast China. General Ding Chao, Li Du, Feng Zhanhai, Xing Zhanqing, and Zhao Yi organised the Jilin Self-Defence Army in order to prevent the fall and occupation of Harbin city, Jilin province. This brought all their forces under a unified command. Calling for civilians to form volunteer units and join in the defense of the city, the army reached a strength of 30,000 men in six brigades of Zhang Xueliangs Northeastern army. Jilin Self-Defense Corps – Commander-in-Chief Li Du * Frontline commander-in-chief – Wang Yu * Chief of the general staff – Yang Yaojun * Chinese Eastern Railroad Defense Army – Commander-in-Chief – Ding Chao ** 28th Brigade – Ding Chao * 22nd Brigade – Zhao Yi * 25th Brigade – Ma Xianzhang * 26th Brigade – Song Wenjun * 29th Brigade – Wang Ruihua * Temporary 1st Brigade – Feng Zhanhai * 1st Cav ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Feng Zhanhai
Feng Zhanhai (, 6 November 1899 – 14 September 1963), or Feng Chan-hai, was one of the leaders of the volunteer armies resisting the Japanese and the puppet state of Manchukuo in northeast China. Feng was born on November 6, 1899. At eighteen he joined the Dongbei Army, and later entered a military school graduating in 1921. After he graduated, he was successively a platoon leader, company commander, and battalion commander. At the time of the Mukden Incident and Japanese invasion of northeast China he was a colonel commanding a regiment of the Kirin Guards Division. After the Mukden Incident, he opposed the Northeast border defense headquarters surrender to the Japanese forces, and commanded his troops on September 19 to withdraw from the Kirin provincial capital, and sent his troops during October to oppose the Japanese, fighting near Binxian. In at the end of January, 1932, Feng joined Ting Chao, Li Du, Xing Zhanqing, Zhao Yi to form the Jilin Self-Defence Army, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rehe Province
Rehe (), also romanized as Jehol, was a former Chinese special administrative region and province. Administration Rehe was north of the Great Wall, west of Manchuria, and east of Mongolia. Its capital and largest city was Chengde. The second largest city was Chaoyang, followed by Chifeng. The province covered 114,000 square kilometers. History Rehe was once at the core of the Khitan-led Liao Dynasty. Rehe was conquered by the Manchu banners before they took possession of Beijing in 1644. Between 1703 and 1820, the Qing emperors spent almost each summer in their summer Mountain Resort in Chengde. They governed the empire from Chengde, and received there foreign diplomats and representatives of vassal and tributary countries. The Kangxi emperor restricted the admission to the forests and prairies of Rehe to the court's hunting expeditions and to the maintenance of the imperial cavalry. Agricultural settlements were at first forbidden to Han Chinese. In the early 19th centur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
South Manchurian Railway Zone
The South Manchuria Railway Zone ( ja, 南満州鉄道附属地, translit=Minami Manshū Tetsudō Fuzoku-chi; ) or SMR Zone, was the area of Japanese extraterritorial rights in northeast China, in connection with the operation of the South Manchurian Railway. History Following the Japanese victory in 1905 over Imperial Russia in the Russo-Japanese War and the signing of the Treaty of Portsmouth, the South Manchuria branch (from Changchun to Lüshun) of the China Far East Railway was transferred to Japanese control. Japan claimed that this control included all the rights and privileges granted to Russia by China in the Li-Lobanov Treaty of 1896, as enlarged by the Kwantung Lease Agreement of 1898, which included absolute and exclusive administration within the railway zone. The Zone was geographically a 62 m wide strip of land on either side of the South Manchurian Railway tracks, extending along the 700 km main trunk route from Dalian to Changchun, the 260 km Mukden to A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ma Zhanshan
Ma Zhanshan (Ma Chan-shan; ; November 30, 1885 – November 29, 1950) was a Chinese general who initially opposed the Imperial Japanese Army in the invasion of Manchuria, briefly defected to Manchukuo, and then rebelled and fought against the Japanese in Manchuria and other parts of China. Biography Early life Ma was born in Gongzhuling, in Jilin province, to a poor shepherding family. At the age of 20, he became a security guard of Huaide County. For his exceptional marksmanship and equestrianism, he was promoted to Guard Monitor of the 4th Security Guard Battalion by Wu Junsheng, Commander of Tianhou Road Patrol and Defense Battalion of Mukden, in 1908. According to some western sources, Ma Zhanshan was born in Liaoning in 1887. However, most claim 1885 as his birth year. He was of Manchu heritage and his grandson Ma Zhiwei, a member of Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, mentioned the Manchu ethnicity of the family in his official biography and news repor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ding Chao
Ding Chao (; 1883–1950s) was a military general of the Republic of China (1912–49), Republic of China, known for his defense of Harbin during the Japanese invasion of Manchuria in 1931 and 1932. Biography Ding Chao's forces commenced mobilization in November 1931 at the request of Ma Zhanshan. Following the Japanese invasion of Manchuria, Invasion of Manchuria by the Imperial Japanese Army and the capture of Liaoning and Jilin History of the administrative divisions of China, provinces. Hostilities did not commence in the Harbin area until the end of January 1932 when Ding Chao resolved to defend the northern metropolis, a key hub of rail and riverine communication, against the approach first of General Xi Qia's "New Kirin" Army and then Japanese troops. He appealed to the city's Chinese residents to join his Jilin Self-Defence Army made of railway garrison troops and other regulars in battle against the Japanese. On 29 January, Ding put the Chief Administrator under house ar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yilan County, Heilongjiang
Yilan County (; IPA: ) is a county of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast China, it is under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Harbin, the capital of Heilongjiang. It is more than to the east-northeast of central Harbin. Its county seat, which is also called Yilan (Yilan Town, ''Yilan zhen''), is located near the confluence of the Mudan River (formerly known as the Hurka River) with the Sungari. The easternmost county-level division of Harbin City, it borders Fangzheng County to the southwest, Tonghe County to the west, as well as the prefecture-level cities of Yichun to the north, Jiamusi to the northeast, Qitaihe to the southeast, and Mudanjiang to the south. Transportation * China National Highway 221 Station on the Harbin-Jiamusi intercity railway is located in the Sijianfang district, 5 km from town center. History During the rule of the Ming dynasty in China, Yilan, formerly known as Sanxing (三姓; Wade-Giles: San-hsing; historically also Romanized as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Li Du
Li Du (; 1880–1956) was a leading general in the Jilin Self-Defence Army (JSDA). The JSDA was one of the Anti-Japanese volunteer armies led by general Ma Zhanshan which resisted the Empire of Japan's invasion of northeast China in 1932. Following the invasion of northeast China by the Empire of Japan, and the Defense of Harbin. Ting Chao's beaten JSDA retired from Harbin and marched to the northeast down the Songhua River, to join the Lower Songhua garrison of General Li Du and together formed the nucleus of armed opposition in the erstwhile Jilin province. References {{DEFAULTSORT:Li, Du Ting Chao Ting Chao Ding Chao (; 1883–1950s) was a military general of the Republic of China, known for his defense of Harbin during the Japanese invasion of Manchuria in 1931 and 1932. Biography Ding Chao's forces commenced mobilization in November 1931 at the ... National Revolutionary Army generals from Liaoning Chinese military personnel of World War II People from Jinzhou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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