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Walter Arndt
Walther Arndt (8 January 1891 in Landeshut, Silesia, now Kamienna Góra, Poland – 26 June 1944 in Brandenburg) was a German zoologist and physician. A curator at the in Berlin, and a professor, he was executed for being critical of the Nazi party. Life Arndt was the son of a veterinarian, Fedor, who was in charge of the local slaughter house in Landeshut, Silesia. After studies at the his father sent him to study medicine and zoology at the University of Breslau in 1909. Even as a student, several companies invited him to take part in various expeditions. In this way, Arndt ended up exploring the Hohe Tauern, Corsica, and Norway. Arndt studied under Willy Kükenthal. During 1914, the First World War, he was a volunteer field doctor on the Eastern Front during which he was captured by the Russians. He was made to look after the German prisoners of war and was eventually released through the Red Cross. In 1920 Arndt was appointed as a volunteer of the Zoological Institute a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Walther Arndt LowRes
Walther is a masculine given name and a surname. It is a German form of Walter, which is derived from the Old High German ''Walthari'', containing the elements ''wald'' -"power", "brightness" or "forest" and ''hari'' -"warrior". The name was first popularized by the famous epic German hero Walther von Aquitaine and later with the Minnesänger Walther von der Vogelweide. Given name * Walther Bauersfeld (1879–1959), German engineer who built the first projection planetarium * Walther Bothe (1891–1957), German nuclear physicist and Nobel laureate * Walther von Brauchitsch (1881–1948), German World War II field marshal * Walther Dahl (1916–1985), German World War II flying ace * Walther von Dyck (1856–1934), German mathematician * Walther Flemming (1843–1905), German biologist and a founder of cytogenetics * Walther Funk (1890–1960), economist and Nazi official convicted of war crimes in the Nuremberg Trials * Walther Hahm (1894–1951), German World War II general * Wa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ordentlicher Professor
Academic ranks in Germany are the titles, relative importance and power of professors, researchers, and administrative personnel held in academia. Overview Appointment grades * (Pay grade: ''W3'' or ''W2'') * (''W3'') * (''W2'') * (''W2'', only in ''Baden-Württemberg'') – although paid like a professor appointed at level W2, lecturers in this position do not have a professor title; the term was formerly used in all states for senior lecturer positions with research and teaching responsibilities (''C2'', being phased out since 2002) * (not tenured, only rarely with tenure track) (''W1'') * (not tenured) (''W1'', only in ''Baden-Württemberg'') * or (''A13'', ''A14'', ''A15'') * (''TVöD 13/14/15'', ''TvL 13/14/15'') * (''TVöD'', ''TvL'' ''A13 a. Z.'') * (''TVöD'', only in ''Baden-Württemberg'') * (''TdL'') * (''TdL'') Non-appointment grades * * – conferred, in some German states, to a ''Privatdozent'' who has been in service for several years, without forma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Reichsmark
The (; sign: ℛℳ; abbreviation: RM) was the currency of Germany from 1924 until 20 June 1948 in West Germany, where it was replaced with the , and until 23 June 1948 in East Germany, where it was replaced by the East German mark. The Reichsmark was subdivided into 100 s (Rpf or ℛ₰). The Mark is an ancient Germanic weight measure, traditionally a half pound, later used for several coins; whereas (''realm'' in English), comes from the official name for the German state from 1871 to 1945, . History The Reichsmark was introduced in 1924 as a permanent replacement for the Papiermark. This was necessary due to the 1920s German inflation which had reached its peak in 1923. The exchange rate between the old Papiermark and the Reichsmark was = 1012 ℳ (one trillion in American English and French, one billion in German and other European languages and British English of the time; see long and short scale). To stabilize the economy and to smooth the transition, the Papierm ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brandenburg-Görden Prison
Brandenburg-Görden Prison is located on Anton-Saefkow-Allee in the Görden quarter of Brandenburg an der Havel. Erected between 1927 and 1935, it was built to be the most secure and modern prison in Europe. Both criminal and political prisoners were sent there, as well as people imprisoned for preventive detention or for interrogation and prisoners of war. Built with a capacity of 1,800, it sometimes held over 4,000 during the Nazi era. After the war, East Germany used the prison to incarcerate at least 170,000 people. Prisoners were used for labor, with them making things such as tractors, kitchen furniture, uniforms and radiation suits, electric motors, shoes, and cars. History A first Zuchthaus in Brandenburg was established on Neuendorfer Straße in 1820. The old Brandenburg Prison was closed in 1931 because of its disastrous hygienic conditions, but later housed a Nazi concentration camp from August 1933 till February 1934. It later became the site of the Brandenburg Euthan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Günter Tembrock
Günter Tembrock (7 June 1918 – 26 January 2011) was an East German zoologist who pioneered the field of bioacoustics and biorhythms. He studied vocal communication in red foxes and birds. He was also a science popularizer and presented a television series. Born in Berlin, he studied biology at the Humboldt University (then Friedrich-Wilhelm University) in 1937 and completed his doctoral work in 1941 on the biology of the carabid beetle '' Carabus ullrichi''. He then became a lecturer at the university and became an assistant professor in 1952. He established a facility for the study of animal behaviour in 1948 in the German Democratic Republic. His early scientific peers included Oskar Heinroth, Werner Quenstedt and Heinrich Kuntzen and at university he was influenced by Werner Ulrich and Konrad Herter. During the war years he escaped conscription using the fact that he suffered a lung infection that he got during the compulsory Arbeitsdienst The Reich Labour Service (''Re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hans Hass
Hans Hass (23 January 1919 – 16 June 2013) was an Austrian biologist and underwater diving pioneer. He was known mainly for being among the first scientists to popularise coral reefs, stingrays, octopuses and sharks. He pioneered the making of documentaries filmed underwater and led the development of a type of rebreather. He is also known for his energon theory and his commitment to protecting the environment. Early years Hass was born in Vienna; his father was an attorney and Hass initially pursued law. However, Hass had a formative encounter with the American diver Guy Gilpatric while on a Riviera holiday in 1938 which included underwater hunting and photography. After making expeditions to the Caribbean Sea and writing his first professional articles in 1938-39, in 1940 Hass switched from reading law to studying zoology and graduated with a Ph.D. from the University of Berlin in 1943 at the Faculty of Biology. His thesis was the first scientific research project that used a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ferdinand Sauerbruch
Ernst Ferdinand Sauerbruch (; 3 July 1875 – 2 July 1951) was a Nazi Germany, German surgery, surgeon. His major work was on the use of negative-pressure chambers for surgery. Biography Sauerbruch was born in Barmen (now a district of Wuppertal), Germany. He studied medicine at the Philipps University of Marburg, the University of Greifswald, the Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, and the University of Leipzig, from the last of which he graduated in 1902. He went to Breslau in 1903, where he developed the Sauerbruch chamber, a pressure chamber for operating on the open human thorax, thorax, which he demonstrated in 1904. This invention was a breakthrough in thorax medicine and allowed heart and lung operations to take place at greatly reduced risk. As a battlefield surgeon during World War I, he developed several new types of limb prosthesis, prostheses, which for the first time enabled simple movements to be executed with the remaining muscle of the patient. Sauerbru ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Katharina Heinroth
Katharina Bertha Charlotte Heinroth née Berger, (4 February 1897, Breslau – 20 October 1989, Berlin) was a German zoologist and a director of the Berlin Zoo, succeeding her husband Oskar Heinroth, from 1945 to 1956. Life and work Katharina Berger was born among four siblings in Breslau. As a child she grew up in the village of Wohwitz west of Breslau where she kept frogs and other animals at home, observing the growth of butterflies. She later noted that this was significant in deciding her future interests and career. She went to the secondary lyceum in Breslau followed by studies in zoology, botany and geology at Munich. She graduated in 1923 ''summa cum laude'' with work on hearing in reptiles under Otto Köhler. She moved to Munich in 1925 where she lived with Gustav Adolf Rösch, an assistant to Karl von Frisch. She too worked with Frisch on bees and Breslau. She married Rösch in 1928 but they divorced in a few years. She then moved to Halle and worked at the Leopoldin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oskar Heinroth
Oskar Heinroth (1 March 1871 – 31 May 1945) was a German biologist who was one of the first to apply the methods of comparative morphology to animal behavior, and was thus one of the founders of ethology. He worked, largely isolated from most other scientists of the period, at the Berlin Aquarium where he took care of fishes, reptiles and birds, especially waterfowl. Biography Heinroth was born in Mainz-Kastel. He studied medicine and graduated in 1895, but later studied zoology at Berlin while working at the Zoological Garden and at the Natural History Museum. He joined an expedition to the Bismarck Archipelago in 1900-1901 serving as a zoologist to Bruno Mencke, the South Seas expedition leader who was attacked and killed in an encounter with indigenous peoples while Heinroth himself escaped with a spear wound. In 1904 Heinroth became an assistant at the Berlin Zoological Garden. He began his studies of duck and goose behavior while working as a scientific assistant from ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Roland Freisler
Roland Freisler (30 October 1893 – 3 February 1945), a German Nazi jurist, judge, and politician, served as the State Secretary of the Reich Ministry of Justice from 1934 to 1942 and as President of the People's Court from 1942 to 1945. As a prominent ideologist of Nazism, he influenced the Nazification of Germany's legal system as a jurist. He attended the Wannsee Conference, the 1942 event which set the Holocaust in motion. He was appointed President of the People's Court in 1942, overseeing the prosecution of political crimes as a judge, and became known for his aggressive personality, his humiliation of defendants, and frequent use of the death penalty in sentencing. Although the death penalty was abolished with the creation of the Federal Republic in 1949, Freisler's 1941 definition of murder in German law, as opposed to the less severe crime of ''killing'', survives in the Strafgesetzbuch § 211. Early life Roland Freisler was born on 30 October 1893 in Celle, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nazism
Nazism ( ; german: Nazismus), the common name in English for National Socialism (german: Nationalsozialismus, ), is the far-right totalitarian political ideology and practices associated with Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party (NSDAP) in Nazi Germany. During Hitler's rise to power in 1930s Europe, it was frequently referred to as Hitlerism (german: Hitlerfaschismus). The later related term "neo-Nazism" is applied to other far-right groups with similar ideas which formed after the Second World War. Nazism is a form of fascism, with disdain for liberal democracy and the parliamentary system. It incorporates a dictatorship, fervent antisemitism, anti-communism, scientific racism, and the use of eugenics into its creed. Its extreme nationalism originated in pan-Germanism and the ethno-nationalist '' Völkisch'' movement which had been a prominent aspect of German nationalism since the late 19th century, and it was strongly influenced by the paramilitary groups that emerged af ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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