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Workism
Workism is the belief that employment is not only necessary for economic production but is also the centrepiece of one's identity and life purpose. The term was coined by American journalist Derek Thompson, in a 2019 article for ''The Atlantic'' magazine. Workism may come across as cult-like because of the burden being put on workists to present themselves in a positive way, use groupthink, have work dictate their relationships and thinking, and chase after a wholesome outcome that could be fictitious. Workism may be experienced as oppressive by both working and non-working people. Workist attitudes may develop in the context of a historically Protestant work culture, or independently as a heuristic bias redeeming hustle culture. Which means that it's part of people trying to redeem the immense sacrifices made to stay in the workforce and advance their careers, rather than the reason they started making those sacrifices. They have also claimed that workism trickled down from the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Derek Thompson (journalist)
Derek Kahn Thompson (born May 18, 1986) is an American journalist. He is a staff writer at ''The Atlantic'' and the author of ''Hit Makers: How to Succeed in an Age of Distraction''. Early life Derek Thompson was born in McLean, Virginia, the son of Robert Thompson and Petra Kahn, both deceased. Before graduating from high school, he appeared in several theatrical productions at the Folger Shakespeare Theater and the Shakespeare Theater. After attending the Potomac School, Thompson graduated from Northwestern University in 2008. Career Thompson has been a writer at ''The Atlantic'' since 2009. Starting in November 2021, Thompson began hosting a weekly headline podcast entitled ''Plain English'', part of The Ringer Podcast Network. In 2018, he became the host of the technology and science podcast Crazy/Genius, which was nominated for an iHeartMedia Best Podcast Award in its first year. Thompson has written two cover stories for the magazine. The first, "A World Without Work", i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Escalation Of Commitment
Escalation of commitment is a human behavior pattern in which an individual or group facing increasingly negative outcomes from a decision, action, or investment nevertheless continue the behavior instead of altering course. The actor maintains behaviors that are irrational, but align with previous decisions and actions. Economists and behavioral scientists use a related term, ''sunk-cost fallacy'', to describe the justification of increased investment of money or effort in a decision, based on the cumulative prior investment (" sunk cost") despite new evidence suggesting that the future cost of continuing the behavior outweighs the expected benefit. In sociology, ''irrational escalation of commitment'' or ''commitment bias'' describe similar behaviors. The phenomenon and the sentiment underlying them are reflected in such proverbial images as "Throwing good money after bad", or "In for a penny, in for a pound", or "It's never the wrong time to make the right decision", or "I ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Work
Work may refer to: * Work (human activity), intentional activity people perform to support themselves, others, or the community ** Manual labour, physical work done by humans ** House work, housework, or homemaking ** Working animal, an animal trained by humans to perform tasks * Work (physics), the product of force and displacement ** Work (electric field), the work done on a charged particle by an electric field ** Work (thermodynamics), energy transferred by the system to its surroundings * Creative work, a manifestation of creative effort **Work of art, an artistic creation of aesthetic value * Career, an individual's journey through learning, work and other aspects of life * Employment, a relationship between two parties where work is paid for Broadcast call signs * WORK (FM), now WRFK (FM), an American radio station in Vermont * WORK-LP, an American low-power TV station in New Hampshire * WOYK, an American AM radio station in Pennsylvania, known as WORK 1932–1973 Mu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Work Ethic
Work ethic is a belief that work and diligence have a moral benefit and an inherent ability, virtue or value to strengthen character and individual abilities. It is a set of values centered on importance of work and manifested by determination or desire to work hard. Social ingrainment of this value is considered to enhance character through hard work that is respective to an individual's field of work. Factors of a good work ethic Proponents of a strong work ethic consider it to be important for achieving goals, that it gives strength to their orientation and the right mindset. A work ethic is a set of moral principles a person uses in their job. People who possess a strong work ethic embody certain principles that guide their work behaviour; to develop and process a strong work ethic will inevitably result in the production of high-quality work which is consistent. The output motivates them to stay on track. A good work ethic fuels an individual's needs and goals, it is re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Protestant Work Ethic
The Protestant work ethic, also known as the Calvinist work ethic or the Puritan work ethic, is a work ethic concept in theology, sociology, economics and history which emphasizes that diligence, discipline, and frugality are a result of a person's subscription to the values espoused by the Protestant faith, particularly Calvinism. The phrase was initially coined in 1904–1905 by Max Weber in his book '' The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism''. Weber asserted that Protestant ethics and values, along with the Calvinist doctrines of asceticism and predestination, enabled the rise and spread of capitalism. It is one of the most influential and cited books in sociology, although the thesis presented has been controversial since its release. In opposition to Weber, historians such as Fernand Braudel and Hugh Trevor-Roper assert that the Protestant work ethic did not create capitalism and that capitalism developed in pre-Reformation Catholic communities. Just as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Productivism
Productivism or growthism is the belief that measurable productivity and growth are the purpose of human organization (e.g., work), and that "more production is necessarily good". Critiques of productivism center primarily on the limits to growth posed by a finite planet and extend into discussions of human procreation, the work ethic, and even alternative energy production. Arguments for productivism Although productivism is often meant pejoratively as a general problem in politics and economics, most countries and economies are productivist in nature. While critics of productivism and its political-economic variants, notably capitalism and socialism, challenge the notions of conventional political economy and argue for an economic policy more compatible with humanity, these views are often dismissed as utopian by economists and political scientists, who hold that there is no conflict between the roles of the worker and the citizen. That is, that conventional economics, part ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Producerism
Producerism is an ideology which holds that those members of society engaged in the production of tangible wealth are of greater benefit to society than, for example, aristocrats who inherit their wealth and status. History Robert Ascher traces the history of producerism back as early as the Diggers in the 1640s. This outlook was not widespread among artisans of the time because they owed their livelihoods to the patronage of the aristocracy, but by the time of the American Revolution, the producerist view was dominant among American artisans. Rosanne Currarino identifies two varieties of producerism in the mid-19th century: "proprietary producerism", which is popular among self-employed farmers and urban artisans, and "industrial producerism", which spoke to wage-laborers and is identified in particular with the Knights of Labor and the rise of socialism. For some commentators, the Pullman Strike of 1894, led by Eugene V. Debs, was a high-water mark in the history of Ameri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iron Cage
In sociology, the iron cage is a concept introduced by Max Weber to describe the increased rationalization inherent in social life, particularly in Western capitalist societies. The "iron cage" thus traps individuals in systems based purely on teleological efficiency, rational calculation and control. Weber also described the bureaucratization of social order as "the polar night of icy darkness". The original German term is ''stahlhartes Gehäuse'' (steel-hard casing); this was translated into "iron cage", an expression made familiar to English-speakers by Talcott Parsons in his 1930 translation of Weber's ''The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism''.Peter Baehr, ''The "Iron Cage" and the "Shell as Hard as Steel": Parsons, Weber, and the Stahlhartes Gehäuse Metaphor in the Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism'', History and Theory Volume 40, Issue 2, pages 153–169, May 2001/ref> This choice has been questioned recently by scholars who prefer the more direct tr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bedtime Procrastination
Bedtime procrastination is a psychological phenomenon that involves ''needlessly and voluntarily delaying going to bed, despite foreseeably being worse off as a result''. The causes of bedtime procrastination vary from losing sight of the time to staying up later than desired in an attempt to have control over the night due to a perceived lack of influence over events during the day. This latter phenomenon has recently been called revenge bedtime procrastination. Bedtime procrastination has been linked to shorter sleep duration, poorer sleep quality and higher fatigue during the day. It is most often that people lack sleep not because they cannot fall asleep but because they do not put themselves in the best situation to fall asleep. This suggests that one of the main factors of bedtime procrastination is human behaviour. Origin of the term The "revenge" prefix is believed to have been added first in China in the late 2010s, possibly relating to the 996 working hour system (72 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Atlantic
''The Atlantic'' is an American magazine and multi-platform publisher. It features articles in the fields of politics, foreign affairs, business and the economy, culture and the arts, technology, and science. It was founded in 1857 in Boston, as ''The Atlantic Monthly'', a literary and cultural magazine that published leading writers' commentary on education, the Antislavery Movement In America, abolition of slavery, and other major political issues of that time. Its founders included Francis H. Underwood and prominent writers Ralph Waldo Emerson, Oliver Wendell Holmes Sr., Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Harriet Beecher Stowe, and John Greenleaf Whittier. James Russell Lowell was its first editor. In addition, ''The Atlantic Monthly Almanac'' was an annual almanac published for ''Atlantic Monthly'' readers during the 19th and 20th centuries. A change of name was not officially announced when the format first changed from a strict monthly (appearing 12 times a year) to a slightly l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anarchism
Anarchism is a political philosophy and movement that is skeptical of all justifications for authority and seeks to abolish the institutions it claims maintain unnecessary coercion and hierarchy, typically including, though not necessarily limited to, governments, nation states, and capitalism. Anarchism advocates for the replacement of the state with stateless societies or other forms of free associations. As a historically left-wing movement, usually placed on the farthest left of the political spectrum, it is usually described alongside communalism and libertarian Marxism as the libertarian wing ( libertarian socialism) of the socialist movement. Humans lived in societies without formal hierarchies long before the establishment of formal states, realms, or empires. With the rise of organised hierarchical bodies, scepticism toward authority also rose. Although traces of anarchist thought are found throughout history, modern anarchism emerged from the Enlig ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Achievement Ideology
Achievement Ideology is the belief that one reaches a socially perceived definition of success through hard work and education. In this view, factors such as gender, race/ethnicity, economic background, social networks, or neighborhoods/geography are secondary to hard work and education or are altogether irrelevant in the pursuit of success. Contemporary analysis In 2002, Sandra L. Barnes, offered that people who believe in the American achievement ideology most likely blame underachievement on attitudinal or moral differences among individuals. For those who disagree with the achievement ideology, this difference in attitude is most likely the result of an oppositional response to negative institutional and structural forces. In her study, Barnes found that those who most benefit from achievement ideology (white males in higher class neighborhoods, for example) are most likely to espouse the achievement ideology. For example, African Americans are more likely than whites to b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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