|
Women's Suffrage In Austria
Women's suffrage was introduced in Austria on 12 November 1918 with the foundation of the Republic of Austria after the fall of the Habsburg monarchy with the end of World War I. While men had gained the right to vote in the years of 1861 until 1907, women were explicitly excluded from political participation since the February Patent in 1861. Only unmarried landholding women were allowed to vote, ''before'' 1907. Suffrage movements Women's organisations that existed since the German revolutions of 1848–1849 were focusing on improving educational and career opportunities as well as labour rights. Only at the end of the 19th century, women started to demand women's suffrage. The suffrage movement in Austria didn't unite at first because of differing approaches between different groups. The two main groups were the Social Democrats and the bourgeois-radical Allgemeiner Österreichischer Frauenverein, founded in 1893 by Auguste Fickert. Both had close alliances with their respec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Women Voting In Wieden, Vienna 1919
A woman is an adult female human. Prior to adulthood, a female human is referred to as a girl (a female child or Adolescence, adolescent). The plural ''women'' is sometimes used in certain phrases such as "women's rights" to denote female humans regardless of age. Typically, women inherit a pair of X chromosomes, one from each parent, and are capable of pregnancy and giving childbirth, birth from puberty until menopause. More generally, sex differentiation of the female fetus is governed by the lack of a present, or functioning, SRY-gene on either one of the respective sex chromosomes. Female anatomy is distinguished from male anatomy by the female reproductive system, which includes the ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina, and vulva. A fully developed woman generally has a wider pelvis, broader hips, and larger breasts than an adult man. Women have significantly less facial and other body hair, have a higher body fat composition, and are on average shorter and less muscu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
International Women's Day
International Women's Day (IWD) is a global holiday celebrated annually on March 8 as a focal point in the women's rights movement, bringing attention to issues such as gender equality, reproductive rights, and violence and abuse against women. Spurred on by the universal female suffrage movement that had begun in New Zealand, IWD originated from labor movements in North America and Europe during the early 20th century. The earliest version was purportedly a "Women's Day" organized by the Socialist Party of America in New York City February 28, 1909. This inspired German delegates at the 1910 International Socialist Women's Conference to propose "a special Women's Day" be organized annually, albeit with no set date; the following year saw the first demonstrations and commemorations of International Women's Day across Europe. After women gained suffrage in Soviet Russia in 1917 (the beginning of the February Revolution), IWD was made a national holiday on March 8; it was sub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Christian Social Party (Austria)
The Christian Social Party (german: link=no, Christlichsoziale Partei, CS or CSP) was a major conservative political party in the Cisleithanian crown lands of Austria-Hungary and under the First Austrian Republic, from 1891 to 1934. The party was affiliated with Austrian nationalism that sought to keep Catholic Austria out of the State of Germany founded in 1871, which it viewed as Protestant and Prussian-dominated; it identified Austrians on the basis of their predominantly Catholic religious identity as opposed to the predominantly Protestant religious identity of the Prussians. History Foundation The party emerged in the run-up to the 1891 Imperial Council (''Reichsrat'') elections under the populist Vienna politician Karl Lueger (1844–1910). Referring to ideas developed by the Christian Social movement under Karl von Vogelsang (1818–1890) and the Christian Social Club of Workers, it was oriented towards the petit bourgeoisie and clerical-Catholic; there were ma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hildegard Burjan
Hildegard Lea Burjan (née ''Hildegard Freund''; 30 January 1883 – 11 June 1933) was a German Roman Catholic convert from Judaism and the founder of the Sisterhood of Caritas Socialis. Burjan set up several organizations for the promotion of women's rights and for the rights of all workers and their families and this even saw her elected to the Austrian Parliament where she served until her retirement due to ill health. The beatification process commenced under Pope John Paul II in 1982, and Pope Benedict XVI named her as Venerable in 2007; that same pope beatified Burjan in 2012 though Cardinal Angelo Amato presided over the celebration on the pope's behalf. Life Hildegard Freund was born to non-practicing Jewish parents in the German Empire in 1883 as the second-born to Abraham and Berta Freund. The Freunds relocated to Berlin in 1895, where she was sent to high school and the Freunds relocated once more in 1899 to Switzerland where she studied in Zurich at the college th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maria Tusch
Maria Tusch (1 December 1868 – 25 July 1939) was an Austrian trade unionist and politician. In 1919 she was one of eight women elected to the Constituent Assembly, becoming the country's first female parliamentarians. She remained in parliament until 1934, when she was arrested and imprisoned following the Austrian Civil War. Biography Tusch was born Maria Pirtsch in Klagenfurt in 1868, the daughter of an unmarried maid. At the age of 12 she began working in a tobacco factory, where she became involved in trade unionism, eventually becoming a shop steward and then a member of the works council. This led her to enter politics and she rose to become chair of the women's committee of the Carinthia branch of the Social Democratic Party (SdP). She also sat on the municipal committee of Sankt Ruprecht, a suburb of Klagenfurt,Maria Tusch Parlia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amalie Seidel
Amalie Seidel (21 February 1876 in Vienna – 11 May 1952) was an Austrian politician (Social Democrat) and feminist. She was one of the first of her gender in the Austrian parliament. Born Amalie Ryba, she was the daughter of a locksmith. She was active in the working movement from the 1890s, and organised the first strike of female workers in Austria. She was also active in the women's movement and an editor of the paper ''Libertas''. In 1895 she married the engineer Richard Seidel, with whom she had two daughters, but the marriage did not last. In 1900, she became chairperson of the local women's committee and from 1902 chairperson of the national women's committee. In 1919, Seidel became one of the first eight women in the Austrian parliament, where she sat until 1934. She focused on children and health care, and especially the abuse of foster children by private foster parents, and worked closely to Julius Tandler. After the coup of 1934, she was imprisoned for one month and lo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Therese Schlesinger
Therese Schlesinger, née Eckstein (6 June 1863 – 5 June 1940), was an Austrian feminist and politician. Life Therese Schlesinger was born in Vienna, capital of the Austrian Empire, on 6 June 1863 to an upper middle-class Jewish family. Among her siblings were the early psychologist Emma Eckstein, the writer Gustav Eckstein and the polymath Frederick Eckstein. She married Viktor Schlesinger on 24 June 1888 and her daughter, Anna, was born a year later. The birth was very hard on Schlesinger with her right leg being partially disabled enough to force her into a wheelchair for several years. Her husband died on 23 January 1891. From 1905 she lived with her mother, daughter, sister Emma and brother Gustav until their deaths during the 1920s. Her daughter's suicide in 1920 profoundly effected Schlesinger. After the Anschluss with Nazi Germany in 1938, she fled to France. She spent the rest of her life in a sanatorium in Blois, where she died on 5 June 1940. Activities Beginning i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gabriele Proft
Gabriele Proft (20 February 1879 – 6 April 1971) was an Austrian journalist, writer and politician. In 1919 she was one of eight women elected to the Constituent Assembly, becoming the country's first female parliamentarians. She remained in parliament until 1934, when she was arrested and imprisoned following the Austrian Civil War. After World War II she was elected to parliament again, serving until 1953. Biography Proft was born in Troppau, Austria-Hungary (now Opava, Czech Republic) in 1879.Gabrielle Proft Parliament of Austria She moved to Vienna aged 17, initially working as a housemaid. She became a journalist and writer. She also became involved in politics, becoming central secretary of the |
Emmy Freundlich
Emma Freundlich (25 June 1878 – 16 March 1948) was an Austrian writer and politician. In 1919 she was one of eight women elected to the Constituent Assembly, becoming the country's first female parliamentarians. She remained in parliament until 1934, when she was arrested and imprisoned following the Austrian Civil War. Biography Freundlich was born Emma Kögler, the youngest daughter of Adolf Kögler, a wealthy engineer and liberal politician who served as mayor of Aussig (now Ústí nad Labem in the Czech Republic).Emmy Freundlich Frauen Sichtbar Machen In 1900 she travelled to Gretna Green against the wishes of her family to marry [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anna Boschek
Anna Boschek (14 May 1874, Vienna – 18 November 1957) was an Austrian politician ( Social Democrat) and feminist.Aus vergangenen Tagen. In: Gedenkbuch. 20 Jahre Österreichische Arbeiterinnenbewegung. Im Auftrag des Frauenreichskomitees herausgegeben von Adelheid Popp. Wien 1912, S. 89–102 She was one of the first of her gender in the Austrian parliament. Boschek was the daughter of a railway locksmith. Orphaned at a young age, she was forced to quit school and worked as a domestic and at various factories. She was the ward of Anton Hueber, who also became her political mentor. In 1890, she became the first woman in the Social Democratic Party of Austria's central committee.Lebenslauf und Werke von Anna Boschek im ARIADNE-Projekt Frauen in Bewegung der Österreichischen Nationalbibliothek At the time, women were prohibited from engaging in political activity, so she took her seat on the committee under an assumed, male, name. In 1891, Boschek she became a member of the worke ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Constituent National Assembly (Austria)
The Constituent National Assembly (german: Konstituierende Nationalversammlung), elected on 16 February 1919, was the first parliament in Austria's history to be elected by women and men in free and equal elections. On 4 March 1919 it replaced the Provisional National Assembly based on the 1911 Imperial Council elections. The National Assembly adopted the Habsburg Act, ratified the Treaty of Saint-Germain, which sealed the collapse of Cisleithania and demanded Austria's independence from Germany. In its last meeting on 1 October 1920, the assembly created the until-now lasting Constitution of Austria. '' |
Karl Renner
Karl Renner (14 December 1870 – 31 December 1950) was an Austrian politician and jurist of the Social Democratic Workers' Party of Austria. He is often referred to as the "Father of the Republic" because he led the first government of German-Austria and the First Austrian Republic in 1919 and 1920, and was once again decisive in establishing the present Second Republic after the fall of Nazi Germany in 1945, becoming its first President after World War II (and fourth overall). Early life Renner was born the 18th child of an ethnic German family of poor wine-growers in Unter-Tannowitz (present-day Dolní Dunajovice in the Czech Republic), then part of the Margraviate of Moravia, a crown land of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Because of his intelligence, he was allowed to attend a selective '' gymnasium'' in nearby Nikolsburg (Mikulov), where one of his teachers was Wilhelm Jerusalem. From 1890 to 1896 he studied law at the University of Vienna. In 1895 he was one of the foundin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
.jpg "Click for more on -> Women Voting In Wieden, Vienna 1919")
.jpg "Click for more on -> Christian Social Party (Austria)")
