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Wirö Language
Wirö (also called Itoto, Wotuja, Jojod, or various forms of Maku) is an indigenous language of Colombia and Venezuela. Until it was documented in 2015, it was attested only by a list of 38 words collected ca. 1900, though even that was enough to show it was closely related to Piaroa. Speakers of the two understand each other, though not reliably, and consider them to be distinct languages. Loukotka (1968) reports it as being spoken on the Ventuari River The Ventuari River is the largest tributary of the Orinoco in southern Venezuela. The Ventuari flows from south-central Venezuela in the Guiana Highlands southwest into the Orinoco River. It is long and its major tributary is the Manapiare River ... and Cunucunuma River. ''Maco'' is not a proper name but a label applied by Arawakan speakers for unintelligible languages. In the case of Wirö, the following forms are found in the literature: ''Maco, Mako, Maku, Makú, Sáliba-Maco,'' and ''Maco-Piaroa'', the latter also for ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maku People (other)
Maku (Macu, Máku, Mácu, Makú, Macú) or Maco (Mako, Máko, Macó, Makó) is a pejorative term referring to several hunter-gatherer peoples of the upper Amazon, derived from an Arawakan term ''ma-aku'' "do not speak / without speech". Nimuendajú (1950), for example, notes six peoples of Colombia, Venezuela, and Brazil that are known as 'Maku'. In linguistic literature, the term refers primarily to: * the Nadahup languages, a small language family in Brazil, Colombia, and Venezuela, sometimes disambiguated from other Maku languages as ''Makú'' or ''Macú'', though those forms can apply to any of the languages, or as ''Makuan''. Such languages include Hup language, Hup, spoken by Hupda people, Hupda, (''Hupdá Makú'', ''Makú-Hupdá'', ''Macú De'') and Guariba Maku language, Guariba Maku * the closely related Nukak Makú language, Nukak Makú and Kakwa language, Kakwa (''Macu de Cubeo'', ''Macu de Desano'', ''Macu de Guanano'', ''Macú-Paraná'') * the Maku-Auari language, the 'M ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Colombia
Colombia (, ; ), officially the Republic of Colombia, is a country in South America with insular regions in North America—near Nicaragua's Caribbean coast—as well as in the Pacific Ocean. The Colombian mainland is bordered by the Caribbean Sea to the north, Venezuela to the east and northeast, Brazil to the southeast, Ecuador and Peru to the south and southwest, the Pacific Ocean to the west, and Panama to the northwest. Colombia is divided into 32 departments and the Capital District of Bogotá, the country's largest city. It covers an area of 1,141,748 square kilometers (440,831 sq mi), and has a population of 52 million. Colombia's cultural heritage—including language, religion, cuisine, and art—reflects its history as a Spanish colony, fusing cultural elements brought by immigration from Europe and the Middle East, with those brought by enslaved Africans, as well as with those of the various Amerindian civilizations that predate colonization. Spanish is th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Venezuela
Venezuela (; ), officially the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela ( es, link=no, República Bolivariana de Venezuela), is a country on the northern coast of South America, consisting of a continental landmass and many islands and islets in the Caribbean Sea. It has a territorial extension of , and its population was estimated at 29 million in 2022. The capital and largest urban agglomeration is the city of Caracas. The continental territory is bordered on the north by the Caribbean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean, on the west by Colombia, Brazil on the south, Trinidad and Tobago to the north-east and on the east by Guyana. The Venezuelan government maintains a claim against Guyana to Guayana Esequiba. Venezuela is a federal presidential republic consisting of 23 states, the Capital District and federal dependencies covering Venezuela's offshore islands. Venezuela is among the most urbanized countries in Latin America; the vast majority of Venezuelans live in the cities of the n ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Piaroa–Saliban Languages
The Piaroa–Saliban, also known as Saliban (in spanish : ''Sálivan''), are a small proposed language family of the middle Orinoco Basin, which forms an independent island within an area of Venezuela and Colombia (northern ''llanos'') dominated by peoples of Carib and Arawakan affiliation. Betoi may be related. Languages Piaroa and Wirö (or "Maco") form a Piaroan branch of the family. The extinct Ature language, once spoken on the Orinoco River near the waterfalls of Atures, Venezuela, is unattested but was said to be 'little different' from Saliba, and so may have formed a Saliban branch of the family. Language contact Jolkesky (2016) notes that there are lexical similarities with the Andoke–Urekena, Arawak, Máku, Tukano, and Yaruro language families due to contact. Lozano (2014:212) has also noted similarities between the Saliba-Hodi and Arawakan languages. External relations Zamponi (2017) notes resemblances between the extinct Betoi language and Piaroa–Sal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Latin Script
The Latin script, also known as Roman script, is an alphabetic writing system based on the letters of the classical Latin alphabet, derived from a form of the Greek alphabet which was in use in the ancient Greek city of Cumae, in southern Italy ( Magna Grecia). It was adopted by the Etruscans and subsequently by the Romans. Several Latin-script alphabets exist, which differ in graphemes, collation and phonetic values from the classical Latin alphabet. The Latin script is the basis of the International Phonetic Alphabet, and the 26 most widespread letters are the letters contained in the ISO basic Latin alphabet. Latin script is the basis for the largest number of alphabets of any writing system and is the most widely adopted writing system in the world. Latin script is used as the standard method of writing for most Western and Central, and some Eastern, European languages as well as many languages in other parts of the world. Name The script is either called Latin script ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Piaroa Language
The Piaroa people, known among themselves as the ''Huottüja'' or ''De'aruhua'', are a pre-Columbian South American indigenous ethnic group of the middle Orinoco Basin in present-day Colombia and Venezuela, living in an area larger than Belgium, roughly circumscribed by the Suapure, Parguaza (north), the Ventuari (south-east), the Manapiare (north-east) and the right bank of the Orinoco (west). Their present-day population is about 15,00(INE 2002) with an estimated 2,500 living on the left bank of the Orinoco River, in Colombia, in several reservations between the Vichada (north) and the Guaviare (south).Freire & Zent. 2007. "Los Piaroa", iSalud Indígena en Venezuela/ref> Since the Piaroa (Huottüja or De'aruhua) were discovered by missionaries and explorers around 1780 they have been an autonomous peaceful (pacifist) anarchy with many individual small self-governed villages scattered over a very wide area. Ethnologists and linguists from the 18th century misidentified th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ventuari River
The Ventuari River is the largest tributary of the Orinoco in southern Venezuela. The Ventuari flows from south-central Venezuela in the Guiana Highlands southwest into the Orinoco River. It is long and its major tributary is the Manapiare River. The river drains the Guayanan Highlands moist forests ecoregion. The Ventuari River is the largest clearwater tributary of the Orinoco. , 470 fish species were known from the river, including several endemics, and a few new species have been described from the river since then. References * Hitchcock, Charles B. ''La región Orinoco Ventuari''. Relato de la Expedición Phelps al Cerro Yaví. Caracas: Ministerio de Educación Nacional, Imprenta El Compás, 1984 (Translated from an older English Edition: ''The Orinoco - Ventuari Region''. American Geographical Society, 1947). * Koch-Grünberg, Theodor. ''Vom Roraima zum Orinoco''. 1917. Reissued by Cambridge University Press Cambridge University Press is the university press of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cunucunuma River
Cunucunuma River is a river of Venezuela. It is part of the Orinoco River basin. See also *List of rivers of Venezuela References *Rand McNally, The New International Atlas, 1993. Rivers of Venezuela {{Venezuela-river-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
