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William Of Pagula
William of Pagula (died 1332), also known as William Paull or William Poull, was a 14th-century English canon lawyer and theologian best known for his written works, particularly his manual for priests entitled the '' Oculus Sacerdotis''. Pagula was made the perpetual vicar of the church at Winkfield on 5 March 1314, although he was absent from his parish for several years while pursuing a doctorate in Canon Law from the University of Oxford. After this was granted (probably around 1320) he returned to work with his parish, and his writings are written from the perspective of someone familiar with the job of a rural priest. As well as the ''Oculus Sacerdotis'', Pagula also wrote the ''Summa Summarum'', a manual of canon law, and the ''Summa Praelatorum'', a "source book" for local parish priests. He has also been linked to two '' specula principum'' addressed to Edward III, which defend the right of royal subjects to refuse purveyance. His writings, particularly the ''Oculus Sacerdo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oculus Sacerdotis
The ''Oculus Sacerdotis'' was a 14th-century book by William of Pagula. Influenced by or possibly lifted from the Peckham Constitutions of 1281,Pfander (1936) p.246 they are divided into three volumes written between 1320 and 1323,Broadview (2009) p.636 the book sought to be a comprehensive manual for parish priests (many of whom were poorly educated), and covered the confessional, sacramental theology and preaching. Described as "deep, all-encompassing and quite encyclopaedic", sections of the book were in use up to the late Middle Ages, and approximately fifty copies are known still to exist in various libraries. Contents and impact The title Oculus Sacerdotis translates as "priest's eye",Baker (1989) p.10 and refers to a theory put about in the book ''Oculus Moralis'' by Petrus Lacepiera that the different eyes on a human saw and represented different things – the right eye was the eye of morals and actions, the left of knowledge. The idea of a "priest's eye", therefore, is th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gregory IX
Pope Gregory IX ( la, Gregorius IX; born Ugolino di Conti; c. 1145 or before 1170 – 22 August 1241) was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 19 March 1227 until his death in 1241. He is known for issuing the '' Decretales'' and instituting the Papal Inquisition, in response to the failures of the episcopal inquisitions established during the time of Pope Lucius III, by means of the papal bull ''Ad abolendam'', issued in 1184. The successor of Honorius III, he fully inherited the traditions of Gregory VII and of his own cousin Innocent III and zealously continued their policy of papal supremacy. Early life Ugolino (Hugh) was born in Anagni. The date of his birth varies in sources between c. 1145 and 1170. He received his education at the Universities of Paris and Bologna. He was created Cardinal-Deacon of the church of Sant'Eustachio by his cousin Innocent III in December 1198. In 1206 he was promoted to the rank of Cardinal Bishop of Ostia e Vell ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Year Of Birth Unknown
A year or annus is the orbital period of a planetary body, for example, the Earth, moving in its orbit around the Sun. Due to the Earth's axial tilt, the course of a year sees the passing of the seasons, marked by change in weather, the hours of daylight, and, consequently, vegetation and soil fertility. In temperate and subpolar regions around the planet, four seasons are generally recognized: spring, summer, autumn and winter. In tropical and subtropical regions, several geographical sectors do not present defined seasons; but in the seasonal tropics, the annual wet and dry seasons are recognized and tracked. A calendar year is an approximation of the number of days of the Earth's orbital period, as counted in a given calendar. The Gregorian calendar, or modern calendar, presents its calendar year to be either a common year of 365 days or a leap year of 366 days, as do the Julian calendars. For the Gregorian calendar, the average length of the calendar year ( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Canonical Theologians
The adjective canonical is applied in many contexts to mean "according to the canon" the standard, rule or primary source that is accepted as authoritative for the body of knowledge or literature in that context. In mathematics, "canonical example" is often used to mean "archetype". Science and technology * Canonical form, a natural unique representation of an object, or a preferred notation for some object Mathematics * * Canonical coordinates, sets of coordinates that can be used to describe a physical system at any given point in time * Canonical map, a morphism that is uniquely defined by its main property * Canonical polyhedron, a polyhedron whose edges are all tangent to a common sphere, whose center is the average of its vertices * Canonical ring, a graded ring associated to an algebraic variety * Canonical injection, in set theory * Canonical representative, in set theory a standard member of each element of a set partition Differential geometry * Canonical one-form, a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
14th-century English Lawyers
As a means of recording the passage of time, the 14th century was a century lasting from 1 January 1301 ( MCCCI), to 31 December 1400 ( MCD). It is estimated that the century witnessed the death of more than 45 million lives from political and natural disasters in both Europe and the Mongol Empire. West Africa experienced economic growth and prosperity. In Europe, the Black Death claimed 25 million lives wiping out one third of the European population while the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of France fought in the protracted Hundred Years' War after the death of Charles IV, King of France led to a claim to the French throne by Edward III, King of England. This period is considered the height of chivalry and marks the beginning of strong separate identities for both England and France as well as the foundation of the Italian Renaissance and Ottoman Empire. In Asia, Tamerlane (Timur), established the Timurid Empire, history's third largest empire to have been ever esta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1332 Deaths
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133 may refer to: *133 (number) *AD 133 *133 BC *133 (song) *133 (New Jersey bus) 133 may refer to: *133 (number) * AD 133 *133 BC *133 (song) 133 may refer to: *133 (number) *AD 133 *133 BC *133 (song) *133 (New Jersey bus) 133 may refer to: *133 (number) *AD 133 Year 133 ( CXXXIII) was a common year starting on Wednesd ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cambridge University Press
Cambridge University Press is the university press of the University of Cambridge. Granted letters patent by Henry VIII of England, King Henry VIII in 1534, it is the oldest university press A university press is an academic publishing house specializing in monographs and scholarly journals. Most are nonprofit organizations and an integral component of a large research university. They publish work that has been reviewed by schola ... in the world. It is also the King's Printer. Cambridge University Press is a department of the University of Cambridge and is both an academic and educational publisher. It became part of Cambridge University Press & Assessment, following a merger with Cambridge Assessment in 2021. With a global sales presence, publishing hubs, and offices in more than 40 Country, countries, it publishes over 50,000 titles by authors from over 100 countries. Its publishing includes more than 380 academic journals, monographs, reference works, school and uni ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Royal Historical Society
The Royal Historical Society, founded in 1868, is a learned society of the United Kingdom which advances scholarly studies of history. Origins The society was founded and received its royal charter in 1868. Until 1872 it was known as the Historical Society. In 1897, it merged with (or absorbed) the Camden Society, founded in 1838. In its origins, and for many years afterwards, the society was effectively a gentlemen's club. However, in the middle and later twentieth century the RHS took on a more active role in representing the discipline and profession of history. Current activities The society exists to promote historical research in the United Kingdom and worldwide, representing historians of all kinds. Its activities primarily concern advocacy and policy research, training, publishing, grants and research support, especially for early career historians, and awards and professional recognition. It provides a varied programme of lectures and one-day and two-day conferences and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ecclesiastical Law Society
The Ecclesiastical Law Society is an organization based in the United Kingdom that "exists to promote the study of ecclesiastical and canon law particularly in the Church of England and those churches in communion with it." All are welcome to join the Society. The society sponsors periodic speakers and programmes, but its principal work is editing and publishing the ''Ecclesiastical Law Journal''. It was founded in 1987 to succeed Doctors' Commons. ''Ecclesiastical Law Journal'' The society publishes the ''Ecclesiastical Law Journal'' three times each year through the Cambridge University Press. The journal is a scholarly collection of original editorials, articles, comments, parliamentary and conference reports, book reviews, and case notes of decisions from the English ecclesiastical courts. The journal enjoys a distinguished international editorial board. Editors ;1987–2002: The Worshipful Michael Goodman (Chancellor of the Dioceses of Rochester, Guildford and Lincoln ;2 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Middle Ages
In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages or medieval period lasted approximately from the late 5th to the late 15th centuries, similar to the post-classical period of global history. It began with the fall of the Western Roman Empire and transitioned into the Renaissance and the Age of Discovery. The Middle Ages is the middle period of the three traditional divisions of Western history: classical antiquity, the medieval period, and the modern period. The medieval period is itself subdivided into the Early, High, and Late Middle Ages. Population decline, counterurbanisation, the collapse of centralized authority, invasions, and mass migrations of tribes, which had begun in late antiquity, continued into the Early Middle Ages. The large-scale movements of the Migration Period, including various Germanic peoples, formed new kingdoms in what remained of the Western Roman Empire. In the 7th century, North Africa and the Middle East—most recently part of the Eastern Ro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thomas Of Ireland
Thomas of Ireland ( 1295before 1338), also known as Thomas Hibernicus, was an Irish anthologist and indexer.Clarke (2004), "Hibernicus, Thomas (c. 1270 – c.1340)", ''ODNB''. Life Thomas was a Fellow of the College of Sorbonne and a Master of Arts by 1295, and referred to as a former fellow in the first manuscripts of his ''Manipulus'' in 1306. He is believed to have died before 1338. Works ''Manipulus florum'' Thomas was the author of three short works on theology and biblical exegesis, and the compiler of the ''Manipulus florum'' ('A Handful of Flowers'). The latter, a Latin florilegium, has been described as a "collection of some 6,000 extracts from patristic and a few classical authors". Thomas compiled this collection from books in the library of the Sorbonne, "and at his death he bequeathed his books and sixteen pounds Parisian to the college". The ''Manipulus florum'' survives in over one hundred ninety manuscripts, and was first printed in 1483. It was printed twenty-si ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Florilegium
In medieval Latin, a ' (plural ') was a compilation of excerpts or sententia from other writings and is an offshoot of the commonplacing tradition. The word is from the Latin ''flos'' (flower) and '' legere'' (to gather): literally a gathering of flowers, or collection of fine extracts from the body of a larger work. It was adapted from the Greek ''anthologia'' (ἀνθολογία) "anthology", with the same etymological meaning. Medieval usage Medieval ' were systematic collections of extracts taken mainly from the writings of the Church Fathers from early Christian authors, also pagan philosophers such as Aristotle, and sometimes classical writings. A prime example is the ' of Thomas of Ireland, which was completed at the beginning of the fourteenth century. The purpose was to take passages that illustrated certain topics, doctrines or themes. After the medieval period, the term was extended to apply to any miscellany or compilation of literary or scientific character. Flowers ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
