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Wheat Stripe Rust
Wheat yellow rust (''Puccinia striiformis'' f.sp. ''tritici''), also known as wheat stripe rust, is one of the three major wheat rust diseases, along with stem rust of wheat (''Puccinia graminis'' f.sp. tritici) and leaf rust (''Puccinia triticina'' f.sp. tritici). History As R.P. Singh, J. Huerta-Espino, and A.P. Roelfs say in their 2002 comprehensive review of literature on the wheat rusts for UN FAO: Although Gadd first described stripe rust of wheat in 1777, it was not until 1896 that Eriksson and Henning (1896) showed that stripe rust resulted from a separate pathogen, which they named ''P. glumarum''. In 1953, Hylander et al. (1953) revived the name ''P. striiformis''. A stripe rust outbreak in northwest Syria contributed to the beginning of the Syrian Civil War by increasing food prices. Life cycle Other cereal rust fungi have macrocyclic, heteroecious life cycles, involving five spore stages and two phylogenetically unrelated hosts. ''P. striiformis'' was thoug ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Winter Cereal
Winter cereals, also called winter grains, fall cereals, fall grains, or autumn-sown grains, are Biennial plant, biennial cereals, cereal Crop, crops sown in the autumn. They germinate before winter comes, may partially grow during mild winters or simply persevere under a sufficiently thick snow cover to continue their life cycle in Spring (season), spring. They are harvested earlier than grains of the same type sown in springtime. In general, winter cereals have a much higher yield than spring cereals because they can use snow as moisture for growth. Winter strains are available for rye (winter or fall rye), wheat (winter wheat, winter or fall wheat), barley (winter or fall barley) and triticale (winter triticale). See also * Rabi crop References Cereals Plant development {{agriculture-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Heteroecious
A heteroecious parasite is one that requires at least two hosts. The ''primary host'' is the host in which the parasite spends its adult life; the other is the ''secondary host''. Both hosts are required for the parasite to complete its life cycle. This can be contrasted with an autoecious parasite which can complete its life cycle on a single host species. Many rust fungi have heteroecious life cycles: In parasitology, heteroxeny, or heteroxenous development, is a synonymous term that characterizes a parasite whose development involves several hosts. Fungal examples * ''Gymnosporangium'' (Cedar-apple rust): the juniper is the primary ( telial) host and the apple, pear or hawthorn is the secondary (aecial) host. * ''Cronartium ribicola'' (White pine blister rust): the primary host are white pines, and currants the secondary. * ''Hemileia vastatrix'' (Coffee rust): the primary host is coffee plant, and the alternate host is unknown. * ''Puccinia graminis'' (Stem rust): the pr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
British Society For Plant Pathology
The British Society for Plant Pathology, or BSPP, is a UK-based organisation of British plant pathologists but accepts members from all countries. It was founded in 1981 and publishes three scientific journals: ''Plant Pathology'', ''Molecular Plant Pathology'' and ''New Disease Reports''. The BSPP has links to the International Society for Plant Pathology. The organisation gives an annual award for the best student paper published in one of society's journals. The P. H. Gregory prize is awarded to the best presenter of an oral paper at the annual presidential meeting. Like other organisations of its type it arranges conferences and also awards various scholarships and fellowship A fellow is a concept whose exact meaning depends on context. In learned or professional societies, it refers to a privileged member who is specially elected in recognition of their work and achievements. Within the context of higher education ...s. History The Federation of British Plant Pathol ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Molecular Plant Pathology
''Molecular Plant Pathology'' is a monthly open access peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of the British Society for Plant Pathology. It was established in January 2000 by Gary D. Foster, University of Bristol, who acted as editor-in-chief from 2000 to 2012. The journal covers research concerning plant pathology, in particular its molecular aspects such as plant-pathogen interactions. The current editor-in-chief is Ralph A. Dean (North Carolina State University). The journal had a 2017 impact factor of 4.188, ranking it 17th out of 223 journals in the category "Plant Sciences". The journal became open access Open access (OA) is a set of principles and a range of practices through which research outputs are distributed online, free of access charges or other barriers. With open access strictly defined (according to the 2001 definition), or libre op ... in January 2019. Chief editors * Gary D. Foster (2000–2012) * Martin B. Dickman (2012 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Plant Pathology
Plant pathology (also phytopathology) is the scientific study of diseases in plants caused by pathogens (infectious organisms) and environmental conditions (physiological factors). Organisms that cause infectious disease include fungus, fungi, oomycetes, bacterium, bacteria, plant virus, viruses, viroids, virus-like organisms, phytoplasmas, protozoa, nematodes and parasitic plants. Not included are ectoparasites like insects, mites, vertebrate, or other Plant defense against herbivory, pests that affect plant health by eating Plant tissue, plant tissues. Plant pathology also involves the study of pathogen identification, disease etiology, disease cycles, economic impact, plant disease epidemiology, plant disease resistance, how plant diseases affect humans and animals, pathosystem genetics, and management of plant diseases. Overview Control of plant diseases is crucial to the reliable production of food, and it provides significant problems in agricultural use of land, wat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Uredinia
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Kentucky Bluegrass
''Poa pratensis'', commonly known as Kentucky bluegrass (or blue grass), smooth meadow-grass, or common meadow-grass, is a perennial species of grass native to practically all of Europe, North Asia and the mountains of Algeria and Morocco. Although the species is spread over all of the cool, humid parts of the United States, it is not native to North America. The Spanish Empire brought the seeds of Kentucky bluegrass to the New World in mixtures with other grasses. In its native range, ''Poa pratensis'' forms a valuable pasture plant, characteristic of well-drained, fertile soil. It is also used for making lawns in parks and gardens and has established itself as a common invasive weed across cool moist climates like the Pacific Northwest and the Northeastern United States. When found on native grasslands in Canada, for example, it is considered an unwelcome exotic plant, and is indicative of a disturbed and degraded landscape. Taxonomy ''Poa pratensis'' was one of the many speci ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Poaceae
Poaceae () or Gramineae () is a large and nearly ubiquitous family of monocotyledonous flowering plants commonly known as grasses. It includes the cereal grasses, bamboos and the grasses of natural grassland and species cultivated in lawns and pasture. The latter are commonly referred to collectively as grass. With around 780 genera and around 12,000 species, the Poaceae is the fifth-largest plant family, following the Asteraceae, Orchidaceae, Fabaceae and Rubiaceae. The Poaceae are the most economically important plant family, providing staple foods from domesticated cereal crops such as maize, wheat, rice, barley, and millet as well as feed for meat-producing animals. They provide, through direct human consumption, just over one-half (51%) of all dietary energy; rice provides 20%, wheat supplies 20%, maize (corn) 5.5%, and other grains 6%. Some members of the Poaceae are used as building materials (bamboo, thatch, and straw); others can provide a source of biofuel, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Barberry
''Berberis'' (), commonly known as barberry, is a large genus of deciduous and evergreen shrubs from tall, found throughout temperate and subtropical regions of the world (apart from Australia). Species diversity is greatest in South America and Asia; Europe, Africa and North America have native species as well. The best-known ''Berberis'' species is the European barberry, ''Berberis vulgaris'', which is common in Europe, North Africa, the Middle East, and central Asia, and has been widely introduced in North America. Many of the species have spines on the shoots and all along the margins of the leaves. Description The genus ''Berberis'' has dimorphic shoots: long shoots which form the structure of the plant, and short shoots only long. The leaves on long shoots are non- photosynthetic, developed into one to three or more spines long. The bud in the axil of each thorn-leaf then develops a short shoot with several normal, photosynthetic leaves. These leaves are long, simple ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phytopathology (journal)
The American Phytopathological Society (APS) is an international scientific organization devoted to the study of plant diseases (phytopathology). APS promotes the advancement of modern concepts in the science of plant pathology and in plant health management in agricultural, urban and forest settings. The Society has nearly 5,000 plant pathologists and scientists worldwide. It is the oldest and largest organization of its type in the world. It is also a member of the International Society for Plant Pathology. APS provides information on the latest developments and research advances in plant health science through its journals and its publishing arm, APS Press. APS advocates and participates in the exchange of plant health information with public policy makers and the larger scientific community, and it provides advice on education and training. History The society was founded in December 1908, and the first regular meeting was held in December 1909. It was the first scien ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mahonia
''Mahonia'' is a genus of approximately 70 species of evergreen shrubs and, rarely, small trees in the family Berberidaceae, native to eastern Asia, the Himalaya, North and Central America. They are closely related to the genus ''Berberis'' and botanists disagree on whether to recognize a separate ''Mahonia''. Many botanists prefer to classify ''Mahonia'' as a part of ''Berberis'' because several species in both genera are able to hybridize, and because there are no consistent morphological differences between the two groups other than the leaf pinnation (''Berberis sensu stricto'' appear to have simple leaves, but these are in reality compound with a single leaflet and are termed "unifoliolate"; additionally their branched spines are modified compound leaves). However, recent DNA-based phylogenetic studies retain the two separate genera, by clarifying that unifoliolate-leaved ''Berberis s.s.'' is derived from within a paraphyletic group of shrubs bearing imparipinnate evergreen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Berberis
''Berberis'' (), commonly known as barberry, is a large genus of deciduous and evergreen shrubs from tall, found throughout Temperateness, temperate and subtropical regions of the world (apart from Australia). Species diversity is greatest in South America and Asia; Europe, Africa and North America have native species as well. The best-known ''Berberis'' species is the European barberry, ''Berberis vulgaris'', which is common in Europe, North Africa, the Middle East, and central Asia, and has been widely introduced in North America. Many of the species have Spine (botany), spines on the shoots and all along the margins of the leaves. Description The genus ''Berberis'' has dimorphic shoots: long shoots which form the structure of the plant, and short shoots only long. The leaf, leaves on long shoots are non-Photosynthesis, photosynthetic, developed into one to three or more spines long. The bud in the axil of each thorn-leaf then develops a short shoot with several normal, phot ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
