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Weyl–Lewis–Papapetrou Coordinates
In general relativity, the Weyl–Lewis–Papapetrou coordinates are used in solutions to the vacuum region surrounding an axisymmetric distribution of mass–energy. They are named for Hermann Weyl, Thomas Lewis, and Achilles Papapetrou. Details The square of the line element is of the form: :ds^2 = -e^dt^2 + \rho^2 B^2 e^(d\phi - \omega dt)^2 + e^(d\rho^2 + dz^2) where (t, \rho, \phi, z) are the cylindrical Weyl–Lewis–Papapetrou coordinates in 3+1 -dimensional spacetime, and \lambda , \nu , \omega , and B , are unknown functions of the spatial non-angular coordinates \rho and z only. Different authors define the functions of the coordinates differently. See also *Introduction to the mathematics of general relativity *Stress–energy tensor *Metric tensor (general relativity) *Relativistic angular momentum *Weyl metrics In general relativity, the Weyl metrics (named after the German-American mathematician Hermann Weyl) are a class of ''static'' and ''axisymmetric'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
General Relativity
General relativity, also known as the general theory of relativity, and as Einstein's theory of gravity, is the differential geometry, geometric theory of gravitation published by Albert Einstein in 1915 and is the current description of gravitation in modern physics. General theory of relativity, relativity generalizes special relativity and refines Newton's law of universal gravitation, providing a unified description of gravity as a geometric property of space and time in physics, time, or four-dimensional spacetime. In particular, the ''curvature of spacetime'' is directly related to the energy and momentum of whatever is present, including matter and radiation. The relation is specified by the Einstein field equations, a system of second-order partial differential equations. Newton's law of universal gravitation, which describes gravity in classical mechanics, can be seen as a prediction of general relativity for the almost flat spacetime geometry around stationary mass ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Weyl Metrics
In general relativity, the Weyl metrics (named after the German-American mathematician Hermann Weyl) are a class of ''static'' and ''axisymmetric'' solutions to Einstein's field equation. Three members in the renowned Kerr–Newman family solutions, namely the Schwarzschild, nonextremal Reissner–Nordström and extremal Reissner–Nordström metrics, can be identified as Weyl-type metrics. Standard Weyl metrics The Weyl class of solutions has the generic formJeremy Bransom Griffiths, Jiri Podolsky. ''Exact Space-Times in Einstein's General Relativity''. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009. Chapter 10.Hans Stephani, Dietrich Kramer, Malcolm MacCallum, Cornelius Hoenselaers, Eduard Herlt. ''Exact Solutions of Einstein's Field Equations''. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003. Chapter 20. where \psi(\rho,z) and \gamma(\rho,z) are two metric potentials dependent on ''Weyl's canonical coordinates'' \. The coordinate system \ serves best for symmetries of Weyl's space ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coordinate Charts In General Relativity
In geometry, a coordinate system is a system that uses one or more numbers, or coordinates, to uniquely determine and standardize the Position (geometry), position of the Point (geometry), points or other geometric elements on a manifold such as Euclidean space. The coordinates are not interchangeable; they are commonly distinguished by their position in an ordered tuple, or by a label, such as in "the ''x''-coordinate". The coordinates are taken to be real numbers in elementary mathematics, but may be complex numbers or elements of a more abstract system such as a commutative ring. The use of a coordinate system allows problems in geometry to be translated into problems about numbers and ''vice versa''; this is the basis of analytic geometry. Common coordinate systems Number line The simplest example of a coordinate system is the identification of points on a line (geometry), line with real numbers using the ''number line''. In this system, an arbitrary point ''O'' (the ''ori ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spacetime
In physics, spacetime, also called the space-time continuum, is a mathematical model that fuses the three dimensions of space and the one dimension of time into a single four-dimensional continuum. Spacetime diagrams are useful in visualizing and understanding relativistic effects, such as how different observers perceive ''where'' and ''when'' events occur. Until the turn of the 20th century, the assumption had been that the three-dimensional geometry of the universe (its description in terms of locations, shapes, distances, and directions) was distinct from time (the measurement of when events occur within the universe). However, space and time took on new meanings with the Lorentz transformation and special theory of relativity. In 1908, Hermann Minkowski presented a geometric interpretation of special relativity that fused time and the three spatial dimensions into a single four-dimensional continuum now known as Minkowski space. This interpretation proved vital t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Metric Tensors
Metric or metrical may refer to: Measuring * Metric system, an internationally adopted decimal system of measurement * An adjective indicating relation to measurement in general, or a noun describing a specific type of measurement Mathematics In mathematics, metric may refer to one of two related, but distinct concepts: * A function which measures distance between two points in a metric space * A metric tensor, in differential geometry, which allows defining lengths of curves, angles, and distances in a manifold Natural sciences * Metric tensor (general relativity), the fundamental object of study in general relativity, similar to the gravitational field in Newtonian physics * Senses related to measurement: ** Metric system, an internationally adopted decimal system of measurement ** Metric units, units related to a metric system ** International System of Units, or ''Système International'' (SI), the most widely used metric system * METRIC, a model that uses Landsat satell ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Institute Of Physics Publishing
IOP Publishing (previously Institute of Physics Publishing) is the publishing company of the Institute of Physics. It provides publications through which scientific research is distributed worldwide, including journals, community websites, magazines, conference proceedings and books. The Institute of Physics is a scientific charity devoted to increasing the practice, understanding and application of physics. Any financial surplus earned by IOP Publishing goes to support physics through the activities of the Institute. The main IOP Publishing headquarters is located in Bristol, England, and the North American headquarters is in Philadelphia, United States. It also has regional offices in Mexico City, Beijing, Tokyo, and Sydney. It employs over 500 staff. It was the first physics publisher to publish a journal on the internet. In 1994, the journal ''Classical and Quantum Gravity'' was published as a TeX file. In January 1996 the organization launched the full electronic journals ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scottish Universities Summer Schools In Physics
There are fifteen universities in Scotland and three other institutions of higher education that have the authority to award academic degrees. The first university college in Scotland was founded at St John's College, St Andrews in 1418 by Henry Wardlaw, bishop of St Andrews. St Salvator's College was added to St Andrews in 1450. The University of Glasgow was founded in 1451 and King's College, Aberdeen in 1495. St Leonard's College was founded in St Andrews in 1511 and St John's College was re-founded as St Mary's College, St Andrews in 1538, as a Humanist academy for the training of clerics. Public lectures that were established in Edinburgh in the 1540s, would eventually become the University of Edinburgh in 1582. After the Reformation, Scotland's universities underwent a series of reforms associated with Andrew Melville. After the Restoration there was a purge of Presbyterians from the universities, but most of the intellectual advances of the preceding period were prese ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Springer Publishing
Springer Publishing Company is an American publishing company of academic journals and books, focusing on the fields of nursing, gerontology, psychology, social work, counseling, public health, and rehabilitation (neuropsychology). It was established in 1951 by Bernhard Springer, a great-grandson of Julius Springer, and is based in Midtown Manhattan, New York City. History Springer Publishing Company was founded in 1950 by Bernhard Springer, the Berlin-born great-grandson of Julius Springer, who founded Springer Science+Business Media, Springer-Verlag (now Springer Science+Business Media). Springer Publishing's first landmark publications included ''Livestock Health Encyclopedia'' by R. Seiden and the 1952 ''Handbook of Cardiology for Nurses''. The company's books soon branched into other fields, including medicine and psychology. Nursing publications grew rapidly in number, as Modell's ''Drugs in Current Use'', a small annual paperback, sold over 150,000 copies over several edi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Plenum Publishers
Springer Science+Business Media, commonly known as Springer, is a German multinational publishing company of books, e-books and peer-reviewed journals in science, humanities, technical and medical (STM) publishing. Originally founded in 1842 in Berlin, it expanded internationally in the 1960s, and through mergers in the 1990s and a sale to venture capitalists it fused with Wolters Kluwer and eventually became part of Springer Nature in 2015. Springer has major offices in Berlin, Heidelberg, Dordrecht, and New York City. History Julius Springer founded Springer-Verlag in Berlin in 1842 and his son Ferdinand Springer grew it from a small firm of 4 employees into Germany's then second-largest academic publisher with 65 staff in 1872.Chronology ". Springer Science+Business Media. In 1964, Springer expanded its business internationally, o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cambridge University Press
Cambridge University Press was the university press of the University of Cambridge. Granted a letters patent by King Henry VIII in 1534, it was the oldest university press in the world. Cambridge University Press merged with Cambridge Assessment to form Cambridge University Press and Assessment under Queen Elizabeth II's approval in August 2021. With a global sales presence, publishing hubs, and offices in more than 40 countries, it published over 50,000 titles by authors from over 100 countries. Its publications include more than 420 academic journals, monographs, reference works, school and university textbooks, and English language teaching and learning publications. It also published Bibles, runs a bookshop in Cambridge, sells through Amazon, and has a conference venues business in Cambridge at the Pitt Building and the Sir Geoffrey Cass Sports and Social Centre. It also served as the King's Printer. Cambridge University Press, as part of the University of Cambridge, was a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Australian Journal Of Physics
The ''Australian Journal of Physics'' was a peer-reviewed scientific journal published by the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation in Australia. It was a journal for the publication of reviews covering all branches of physics. The journal surveyed the development of selected topics within the wider context of physics. The journal published its last issue in April 2001 and is no longer receiving papers. The journal's electronic archive, covering the years 1953–2001, is available for free full text access. One of the most highly cited papers published in the journal is * in which he first presented the projection-slice theorem widely used in medical imaging. See also *List of physics journals This is a list of physics scientific journal, journals with existing articles on Wikipedia. The list is organized by outline of physics, subfields of physics. By subject General Astrophysics Atomic, molecular, and optical physics * ''Eu ... External li ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
