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Web Archive
The Web ARChive (WARC) archive format specifies a method for combining multiple digital resources into an aggregate archive file together with related information. The WARC format is a revision of the Internet Archive's ARC_IA File Format that has traditionally been used to store " web crawls" as sequences of content blocks harvested from the World Wide Web. The WARC format generalizes the older format to better support the harvesting, access, and exchange needs of archiving organizations. Besides the primary content currently recorded, the revision accommodates related secondary content, such as assigned metadata, abbreviated duplicate detection events, and later-date transformations. The WARC format is inspired by HTTP/1.0 streams, with a similar header and the use of CRLFs as delimiters, making it very conducive to crawler implementations. First specified in 2008, WARC is now recognised by most national library systems as the standard to follow for web archiving. Software * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Archive Format
In computing, an archive file is a computer file that is composed of one or more files along with metadata. Archive files are used to collect multiple data files together into a single file for easier portability and storage, or simply to compress files to use less storage space. Archive files often store directory structures, error detection and correction information, arbitrary comments, and sometimes use built-in encryption. Applications Portability Archive files are particularly useful in that they store file system data and metadata within the contents of a particular file, and thus can be stored on systems or sent over channels that do not support the file system in question, only file contents – examples include sending a directory structure over email, files with names unsupported on the target file system due to length or characters, and retaining files' date and time information. Additionally, it facilitates transferring high numbers of small files such as resourc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Java (programming Language)
Java is a high-level, class-based, object-oriented programming language that is designed to have as few implementation dependencies as possible. It is a general-purpose programming language intended to let programmers ''write once, run anywhere'' ( WORA), meaning that compiled Java code can run on all platforms that support Java without the need to recompile. Java applications are typically compiled to bytecode that can run on any Java virtual machine (JVM) regardless of the underlying computer architecture. The syntax of Java is similar to C and C++, but has fewer low-level facilities than either of them. The Java runtime provides dynamic capabilities (such as reflection and runtime code modification) that are typically not available in traditional compiled languages. , Java was one of the most popular programming languages in use according to GitHub, particularly for client–server web applications, with a reported 9 million developers. Java was originally developed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Archive Formats
In computing, an archive file is a computer file that is composed of one or more files along with metadata. Archive files are used to collect multiple data files together into a single file for easier portability and storage, or simply to compress files to use less storage space. Archive files often store directory structures, error detection and correction information, arbitrary comments, and sometimes use built-in encryption. Applications Portability Archive files are particularly useful in that they store file system data and metadata within the contents of a particular file, and thus can be stored on systems or sent over channels that do not support the file system in question, only file contents – examples include sending a directory structure over email, files with names unsupported on the target file system due to length or characters, and retaining files' date and time information. Additionally, it facilitates transferring high numbers of small files such as resource ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Libarchive
In computing, tar is a computer software utility for collecting many files into one archive file, often referred to as a tarball, for distribution or backup purposes. The name is derived from "tape archive", as it was originally developed to write data to sequential I/O devices with no file system of their own. The archive data sets created by tar contain various file system parameters, such as name, timestamps, ownership, file-access permissions, and directory organization. POSIX abandoned ''tar'' in favor of ''pax'', yet ''tar'' sees continued widespread use. History The command-line utility was first introduced in the Version 7 Unix in January 1979, replacing the tp program (which in turn replaced "tap"). The file structure to store this information was standardized in POSIX.1-1988 and later POSIX.1-2001, and became a format supported by most modern file archiving systems. The tar command was abandoned in POSIX.1-2001 in favor of pax command, which was to support ustar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Apache Nutch
Apache Nutch is a highly extensible and scalable open source web crawler software project. Features Nutch is coded entirely in the Java programming language, but data is written in language-independent formats. It has a highly modular architecture, allowing developers to create plug-ins for media-type parsing, data retrieval, querying and clustering. The fetcher ("robot" or "web crawler") has been written from scratch specifically for this project. History Nutch originated with Doug Cutting, creator of both Lucene and Hadoop, and Mike Cafarella. In June, 2003, a successful 100-million-page demonstration system was developed. To meet the multi-machine processing needs of the crawl and index tasks, the Nutch project has also implemented a MapReduce facility and a distributed file system. The two facilities have been spun out into their own subproject, called Hadoop. In January, 2005, Nutch joined the Apache Incubator, from which it graduated to become a subproject of Lucene ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
StormCrawler
StormCrawler is an open-source collection of resources for building low-latency, scalable web crawlers on Apache Storm. It is provided under Apache License and is written mostly in Java (programming language). StormCrawler is modular and consists of a core module, which provides the basic building blocks of a web crawler such as fetching, parsing, URL filtering. Apart from the core components, the project also provides external resources, like for instance spout and bolts for Elasticsearch and Apache Solr or a ParserBolt which uses Apache Tika to parse various document formats. The project is used in production by various companies. Linux published a Q&A in October 2016 with the author of StormCrawler. InfoQ ran one in December 2016. A comparative benchmark with Apache Nutch was published in January 2017 on dzone.com. Several research papers mentioned the use of StormCrawler, in particular: * Crawling the German Health Web: Exploratory Study and Graph Analysis. * The gene ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Webrecorder
Rhizome is an American not-for-profit arts organization that supports and provides a platform for new media art. History Artist and curator Mark Tribe founded Rhizome as an email list in 1996 while living in Berlin."Digital Artworks that Play Against Expectations" New York Times, September 30, 2002.The Rhizome email list was hosted by Desk.nl in Amsterdam starting February 1, 1996 by Mark Tribe. The list included a number of people Tribe had met at [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wget
GNU Wget (or just Wget, formerly Geturl, also written as its package name, wget) is a computer program that retrieves content from web servers. It is part of the GNU Project. Its name derives from "World Wide Web" and " ''get''." It supports downloading via HTTP, HTTPS, and FTP. Its features include recursive download, conversion of links for offline viewing of local HTML, and support for proxies. It appeared in 1996, coinciding with the boom of popularity of the Web, causing its wide use among Unix users and distribution with most major Linux distributions. Written in portable C, Wget can be easily installed on any Unix-like system. Wget has been ported to Microsoft Windows, macOS, OpenVMS, HP-UX, AmigaOS, MorphOS and Solaris. Since version 1.14 Wget has been able to save its output in the web archiving standard WARC format. It has been used as the basis for graphical programs such as GWget for the GNOME Desktop. History Wget descends from an earlier program named Geturl b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Heritrix
Heritrix is a web crawler designed for web archiving. It was written by the Internet Archive. It is available under a free software license and written in Java. The main interface is accessible using a web browser, and there is a command-line tool that can optionally be used to initiate crawls. Heritrix was developed jointly by the Internet Archive and the Nordic national libraries on specifications written in early 2003. The first official release was in January 2004, and it has been continually improved by employees of the Internet Archive and other interested parties. For many years Heritrix was not the main crawler used to crawl content for the Internet Archive's web collection. The largest contributor to the collection, as of 2011, is Alexa Internet. Alexa crawls the web for its own purposes, using a crawler named ''ia_archiver''. Alexa then donates the material to the Internet Archive. The Internet Archive itself did some of its own crawling using Heritrix, but only on a sm ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Archive File
In computing, an archive file is a computer file that is composed of one or more files along with metadata. Archive files are used to collect multiple data files together into a single file for easier portability and storage, or simply to compress files to use less storage space. Archive files often store directory structures, error detection and correction information, arbitrary comments, and sometimes use built-in encryption. Applications Portability Archive files are particularly useful in that they store file system data and metadata within the contents of a particular file, and thus can be stored on systems or sent over channels that do not support the file system in question, only file contents – examples include sending a directory structure over email, files with names unsupported on the target file system due to length or characters, and retaining files' date and time information. Additionally, it facilitates transferring high numbers of small files such as resourc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Library
A national library is a library established by a government as a country's preeminent repository of information. Unlike public library, public libraries, these rarely allow citizens to borrow books. Often, they include numerous rare, valuable, or significant works. A national library is that library which has the duty of collecting and preserving the literature of the nation within and outside the country. Thus, national libraries are those libraries whose community is the nation at large. Examples include the British Library, and the Bibliothèque nationale de France in Paris.Line, Maurice B.; Line, J. (2011). "Concluding notes". ''National libraries'', Aslib, pp. 317–318Lor, P. J.; Sonnekus, E. A. S. (2010)"Guidelines for Legislation for National Library Services", International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions, IFLA. Retrieved on 10 January 2010. There are wider definitions of a national library, putting less emphasis to the repository character. National ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Metadata
Metadata is "data that provides information about other data", but not the content of the data, such as the text of a message or the image itself. There are many distinct types of metadata, including: * Descriptive metadata – the descriptive information about a resource. It is used for discovery and identification. It includes elements such as title, abstract, author, and keywords. * Structural metadata – metadata about containers of data and indicates how compound objects are put together, for example, how pages are ordered to form chapters. It describes the types, versions, relationships, and other characteristics of digital materials. * Administrative metadata – the information to help manage a resource, like resource type, permissions, and when and how it was created. * Reference metadata – the information about the contents and quality of statistical data. * Statistical metadata – also called process data, may describe processes that collect, process, or produce st ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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