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War Of The Polish Succession (1587–88)
The War of the Polish Succession (; 1733–35) was a major European conflict sparked by a civil war in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth over the succession to Augustus II the Strong, which the other European powers widened in pursuit of their own national interests. France and Spain, the two Bourbon powers, tested the power of the Austrian Habsburgs in Western Europe, as did the Kingdom of Prussia, whilst Saxony and Russia mobilized to support the eventual victor. The fighting in Poland–Lithuania resulted in the accession of Augustus III, who in addition to Russia and Saxony, was politically supported by the Habsburgs. The war's major military campaigns and battles occurred outside the borders of Poland–Lithuania. The Bourbons, supported by Charles Emmanuel III of Sardinia, moved against isolated Habsburg territories. In the Rhineland, France successfully took the Duchy of Lorraine, and in Italy, Spain regained control over the kingdoms of Naples and Sicily lost in the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
French–Habsburg Rivalry
The term French–Habsburg rivalry (; ) describes the rivalry between France and the House of Habsburg. The Habsburgs headed an expansive and evolving empire that included, at various times, the Holy Roman Empire, the Habsburg Spain, Spanish Empire, archduchy of Austria, Austria, Kingdom of Bohemia, Bohemia and Kingdom of Hungary, Hungary from the Diet of Augsburg in the High Middle Ages until the dissolution of the monarchy following World War I in the late modern period. In addition to holding the Erblande, Austrian hereditary lands, the Habsburg dynasty ruled the Habsburg Netherlands, Low Countries (1482–1794), Spain (1504–1700) and the Holy Roman Empire (1438–1806). All these lands were in personal union under Emperor Charles V. The expansion of the Habsburgs into western Europe increasingly led to border tensions with the Kingdom of France, which found itself encircled by Habsburg territory. The subsequent rivalry between the two powers became a cause for several confl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Augustus III Of Poland
Augustus III (; – "the Saxon"; ; 17 October 1696 5 October 1763) was List of Polish monarchs, King of Poland and Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Grand Duke of Lithuania from 1733 until 1763, as well as List of rulers of Saxony, Elector of Saxony in the Holy Roman Empire where he was known as Frederick Augustus II (). He was the only legitimate son of Augustus II the Strong, and converted to Catholicism in 1712 to secure his candidacy for the Polish throne. In 1719 he married Maria Josepha, daughter of Joseph I, Holy Roman Emperor, and became elector of Electorate of Saxony, Saxony following his father's death in 1733. Augustus was able to gain the support of Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor, Charles VI by agreeing to the Pragmatic Sanction of 1713 and also gained recognition from Russian Empress Anna of Russia, Anna by supporting Russia's claim to the region of Courland. He was elected king of Poland by a small minority on 5 October 1733 and subsequently banished the former Polish ki ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Burkhard Christoph Von Münnich
Burkhard Christoph Graf von Münnich (; – ) was a German-born army officer who became a field marshal and political figure in the Russian Empire. He carried out major reforms in the Russian Army and founded several elite military formations during the reign of Empress Anna of Russia (). As a statesman, he is widely regarded as the founder of Russian philhellenism. Like his father, Münnich was an engineer and a specialist in hydrotechnology. Early career Münnich was born at Neuenhuntorf in the Grand Duchy of Oldenburg in the military family of Anton Günther Mönnich (since 1688 ''von Münnich'', an east-Frisian nobility). Besides the knowledge of the native Low German language he also learned the Latin and French languages. He entered the French service at 17. Thence he transferred successively to the armies of Hesse-Darmstadt and of Saxony where he earned the rank of colonel and later major general. In 1721, he was invited by the Russian ambassador in Warsa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Peter Lacy
Peter Graf von Lacy (; ; ; 26 September 1678 – 30 April 1751) was an Irish-born soldier who later served in the Imperial Russian army. Considered one of the most successful Russian Imperial commanders before Rumyantsev and Suvorov, in a military career that spanned half a century he claimed to have participated in 31 campaigns, 18 battles, and 18 sieges. He died on his private estate in Riga, where he served as governor for many years. One of his sons was Count Franz Moritz von Lacy, who went on to serve in the Imperial Habsburg Army, while his nephew George Browne (1698–1792) was also a general in the Russian army. Life Family Peter Lacy was born Pierce Edmond de Lacy on 26 September 1678 in Killeedy near Limerick into a noble Irish family. In an autobiography preserved by his descendants, Lacy claimed that his father Peter was the son of John Lacy of Ballingarry.John D'Alton (historian), D'Alton, John, ''Illustrations, historical and genealogical, of King Ja ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Charles Emmanuel III Of Sardinia
Charles Emmanuel III (27 April 1701 – 20 February 1773) was Duke of Savoy, King of Sardinia and ruler of the Savoyard states from his father's abdication on 3 September 1730 until his death in 1773. He was the paternal grandfather of the last three mainline kings of Sardinia. In the War of the Polish Succession, he initially gained Lombardy but later ceded it for smaller territorial gains. During the War of the Austrian Succession, he defended Piedmont against a Franco-Spanish army, winning the Battle of Assietta. The Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle restored lost lands and expanded his territory. He strengthened ties with Spain through marriage alliances. He chose not to get involved in the Seven Years War and instead focused on administrative reforms and maintaining a well-disciplined army. Biography Early life Charles Emmanuel was born in Turin to Victor Amadeus II of Savoy and his first wife the French Anne Marie d'Orléans. His maternal grandparents were Prince Phili ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
José Carrillo De Albornoz, 1st Duke Of Montemar
José Carrillo de Albornoz y Montiel, 1st Duke of Montemar (8 October 1671 – 26 June 1747) was a Spanish Army officer and nobleman who served as the viceroy of Sicily from 1734 to 1737. He was considered by contemporary Spaniards to be one of the best cavalry officers from Spain.Escribano Bernal, Francisco (2018). "El duque de Montemar, un Gran Capitán del siglo XVIII". ''Armas y cuerpos'', Nº. 139, 89-94 Biography Carrillo was born in Seville. He was a member of the House of Carrillo, Carrillo family, one of the oldest Spanish noble houses. He married Isabel Francisca de Antich y Antich in 1700 with whom he had three children (Francisco, Leonor & María Magdalena). During the War of the Spanish Succession he aligned with the side of Philip V of Spain, Philip of Anjou and fought as ''mariscal de campo'' in the Battle of Villaviciosa (1710) in the cavalry under the Count of Aguilar. He also participated in the Spanish campaign in Spanish expedition to Sardinia, Sardinia and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
James Fitz-James Stuart, 2nd Duke Of Berwick
James Francis (Jacobo Francisco) Fitz-James Stuart, 2nd Duke of Berwick, 2nd Duke of Liria and Xérica (Saint-Germain-en-Laye, France, 21 October 1696 – Naples, Italy, 2 June 1738) was a Jacobitism, Jacobite and Spanish nobleman. He inherited titles in the Jacobite and Spanish nobility on the death of his father in battle in 1734 at Siege of Philippsburg (1734), Philippsburg, during the War of the Polish Succession. He was also Consort Duke of Veragua and of la Vega and a Consort-Marquis of four further titles by his Spanish marriage in 1716. His full title was 2nd Duke of Berwick, 2nd Earl of Tinmouth, 2nd Baron Bosworth, 2nd Duke of Liria and Jérica, Duke of Liria and Xerica, Grandee of Spain 1st class (from 1716), Knight of the Order of the Golden Fleece (from 29 September 1714), as well as the holder of several earldoms. Family His father was James FitzJames, 1st Duke of Berwick, an illegitimate son of King James II of England by Arabella Churchill (royal mistress), Ar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Charles Louis Auguste Fouquet, Duc De Belle-Isle
Charles Louis Auguste Fouquet, duc de Belle-Isle (22 September 168426 January 1761) was a French general and statesman. Life and career Born in Villefranche-de-Rouergue, Belle-Isle was the grandson of Nicolas Fouquet, who served as Superintendent of Finances under Louis XIV. His family was in disgrace because of Fouquet's brash ambition in the eyes of Louis XIV. Determined to blot out his family's prior disgrace, he entered the army at an early age and was made proprietary colonel of a dragoon regiment in 1708. He rose during the War of the Spanish Succession to the rank of brigadier, and in March 1718 to that of Maréchal de Camp. He was present at the capture of Fuenterrabía in 1718 and of San Sebastián in 1719 during the War of the Quadruple Alliance (1718–1720). Aided by the rise of André-Hercule de Fleury, Cardinal Fleury, Belle-Isle was made Lieutenant-General (France), lieutenant-général, and grew in influence over French military policy. In the War of the Polish ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
François De Franquetot De Coigny
François de Franquetot de Coigny (16 March 1670 – 18 December 1759) was a Marshal of France, Count, and from 1747, the Duke of Coigny. Biography He was born in Coigny château near Coutances, Normandy, into an old French noble family as son of Robert-Jean de Coigny, and his wife, Marie-Françoise de Matignon (1648-1719). His uncle was Charles-Auguste de Goyon-Matignon, Count of Gacé (1647-1729), Marshal of France and his nephew Jacques I, Prince of Monaco. Like his father he pursued a military career. He became brigadier in 1702, Maréchal de camp in 1703 and lieutenant general in 1709. His most notable victories were at San Pietro and Guastalla, which he won in 1734 together with Marshal de Broglie against the Austrians in the War of Polish Succession. He was made a Marshal of France in 1734. In the War of the Austrian Succession he replaced Marshal de Broglie in 1743 to defend the French positions on the Rhine. In the 1720s he was a member of the Club de l'Entresol, an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Claude Louis Hector De Villars
Claude Louis Hector de Villars, Prince of Martigues, Marquis then (1st) Duke of Villars, Viscount of Melun (, 8 May 1653 – 17 June 1734) was a French people, French military commander and an illustrious general of Louis XIV of France. He was one of only six Marshal of France, Marshals to have been promoted Marshal General of France. Early career Villars was born at Moulins, Allier, Moulins (in the present-day département of Allier) in a noble but poor family, his father was the diplomat Pierre de Villars. He entered the French army through the corps of pages in 1671 and distinguished himself at the age of twenty in the Siege of Maastricht (1673), Siege of Maastricht in 1673 during the Franco-Dutch War and again at the bloody Battle of Seneffe. A year later he was promoted on the field to mestre de camp (colonel) of a cavalry regiment. The next promotion would take time in spite of a long record of service under Henri de La Tour d'Auvergne, Viscount of Turenne, Turenne, Louis I ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
James FitzJames, 1st Duke Of Fitz-James
James FitzJames, 1st Duke of Berwick (21 August 1670 – 12 June 1734) was a French Royal Army officer and nobleman who was the eldest illegitimate son of James II of England by Arabella Churchill, the sister of John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough. Born and raised in France, Berwick was a senior Jacobite commander in his father's army during the Williamite War in Ireland. He subsequently became a successful general in the service of Louis XIV and in 1706 he was made a Marshal of France. Berwick was honored with noble titles from the kings of both France and Spain, in addition to his English ducal title which was attainted in 1695. He was decapitated by a cannonball during the Siege of Philippsburg in 1734. Early life FitzJames was born at Moulins in France before his father's accession to the throne, and was brought up in France as a Catholic. He was the son of James and his mistress Arabella Churchill, sister of the English captain general and statesman John ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
