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War In Somalia (2006–2009)
The Ethiopian invasion of Somalia, also known as the Ethiopian occupation of Somalia or the Ethiopian intervention in the Somali Civil War, was an armed conflict that lasted from late 2006 to early 2009. It began when military forces from Ethiopia, supported by the United States, invaded Somalia to depose the Islamic Courts Union (ICU) and install the Transitional Federal Government of Somalia, Transitional Federal Government (TFG). The conflict continued after the invasion when an anti-Ethiopian insurgency emerged and rapidly escalated. During 2007 and 2008, the insurgency recaptured the majority of territory lost by the ICU. Ethiopian military involvement began in response to the rising power of the Islamic Courts Union, which operated as the de facto government in the majority of southern Somalia by late 2006. In order to reinforce the weak Ethiopian backed TFG, troops from the Ethiopian National Defense Force, Ethiopian National Defence Force (ENDF) began deploying into Som ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Somali Civil War
The Somali Civil War (; ) is an List of ongoing armed conflicts, ongoing civil war that is taking place in Somalia. It grew out of resistance to the military junta which was led by Siad Barre during the 1980s. From 1988 to 1990, the Somali Armed Forces began engaging in combat against various armed rebel groups,Ken Menkhaus,Local Security Systems in Somali East Africa' in Andersen/Moller/Stepputat (eds.), Fragile States and Insecure People,' Palgrave, 2007, 73. including the Somali Salvation Democratic Front in the northeast, the Somali National Movement in the Somaliland War of Independence in the northwest, and the United Somali Congress in the south. The clan-based armed opposition groups Somali Rebellion, overthrew the Somali Democratic Republic, Barre government in 1991. Various armed factions began competing for influence in the power vacuum and turmoil that followed, particularly in the south. In 1990–92, customary law temporarily collapsed, and factional fighting proli ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alliance For The Re-liberation Of Somalia
The Alliance for the Re–liberation of Somalia (ARS) was a political party formed in Eritrea during September 2007 as the successor to the Islamic Courts Union (ICU) during the Ethiopian military occupation of Somalia. It served as the principal political opposition to the Transitional Federal Government of Somalia (TFG) and participated in the 2007 and 2008 years of the insurgency. During mid-2008 the alliance divided into two wings over the issue of peace negotiations with the TFG while Ethiopian troops were still occupying Somalia, one wing in Djibouti led by Sharif Sheikh Ahmed was willing to negotiate and the other in Asmara led by Hassan Dahir Aweys demanded Ethiopian troops withdraw first. In June 2008, the Djibouti wing of the ARS and TFG signed a historic agreement that resulted integration of the ARS into the Somali transitional parliament. By January 2009, Sharif Ahmed, the former head of both the ICU and the ARS, was elected as the President of Somalia. History of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Barack Obama
Barack Hussein Obama II (born August 4, 1961) is an American politician who was the 44th president of the United States from 2009 to 2017. A member of the Democratic Party, he was the first African American president in American history. Obama previously served as a U.S. senator representing Illinois from 2005 to 2008 and as an Illinois state senator from 1997 to 2004. Born in Honolulu, Hawaii, Obama graduated from Columbia University in 1983 with a Bachelor of Arts degree in political science and later worked as a community organizer in Chicago. In 1988, Obama enrolled in Harvard Law School, where he was the first black president of the ''Harvard Law Review''. He became a civil rights attorney and an academic, teaching constitutional law at the University of Chicago Law School from 1992 to 2004. In 1996, Obama was elected to represent the 13th district in the Illinois Senate, a position he held until 2004, when he successfully ran for the U.S. Senate. In the 2008 pre ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
George W
George Walker Bush (born July 6, 1946) is an American politician and businessman who was the 43rd president of the United States from 2001 to 2009. A member of the Bush family and the Republican Party (United States), Republican Party, he is the eldest son of the 41st president, George H. W. Bush, and was the 46th governor of Texas from 1995 to 2000. Bush flew warplanes in the Texas Air National Guard in his twenties. After graduating from Harvard Business School in 1975, he worked in the oil industry. He later co-owned the Major League Baseball team Texas Rangers (baseball), Texas Rangers before being elected governor of Texas 1994 Texas gubernatorial election, in 1994. Governorship of George W. Bush, As governor, Bush successfully sponsored legislation for tort reform, increased education funding, set higher standards for schools, and reformed the criminal justice system. He also helped make Texas the Wind power in Texas, leading producer of wind-generated electricity in t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mohamud Muse Hersi
''Maj Gen'' Mohamud Muse Hersi (, ; 1 July 1937 – 8 February 2017), Adde Musa, was a Somali military official and former President of Puntland from 8 January 2005 to 8 January 2009. Biography A former General in the Somali Armed Forces of long-time Somali president Mohamed Siad Barre, Muse later became a local and state governor in northern Somalia before the outbreak of the Somali Civil War. He hails from the Bah-Dir Roble sub of the larger Osman Mahamuud sub-clan and is the great grandson of Xirsi Boqor Osman son of Boqor Osman Mahamuud. *1963 – 1965 Secretariat to The Chief of Military Forces *1965 – 1967 Chairman of Horseed political party *1970 – 1972 Commander of the 21st Division, Somali National Army *1972 – 1973 Chief of Training, Somali Military Forces He also served as a military attaché to China during the mid to late 1970s. After his stint in China, he later relocated to Canada in 1979, where he owned and managed several gas stations until the mi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Barre Adan Shire Hiiraale
Barre Adan Shire (, ), also known as Barre Hiiraale, Barre "Hirale" Aden Shire, or Abdikadir Adan Shire, Somali politician, former president of Jubaland state of Somalia. He is the former Minister of Defense of the Somali Transitional Federal Government (TFG). He was previously the TFG Minister for National Reconstruction and Resettlement. Hiiraale was also the chairman of the now defunct Juba Valley Alliance, which controlled Southern and Southwestern Somalia, including the nation's third-largest city, the strategic port town of Kismayo. Juba Valley Alliance He was chairman of the Juba Valley Alliance (Isbahaysiga Dooxada Juba), which declared autonomy from the rest of Somalia in 1998, and controlled Kismayo and the Juba Valley until the defeat of his forces by the ICU in 2006. On August 6, 2001, after 10 days of heavy fighting in a battle involving 40 technicals and 1,000 militiamen, the JVA took the town of Jilib from the SRRC. With hopes to end the violence, Col. Hiral ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ali Mohammed Ghedi
Ali Mohammed Gedi (, ) (born 2 October 1952), popularly known as Ali Gedi, is a Somali politician who served as Prime Minister of the Transitional Federal Government (TFG) from 2004 to 2007. A former academic and veterinary doctor based in Addis Ababa, Gedi was a little-known figure prior to his appointment in November 2004, the result of intensive lobbying by the Ethiopian government. Widely viewed as corrupt and an impediment to reconciliation, he resigned in October 2007 was replaced by Nur Hassan Hussein as PM. Early Life Ali Mohamed Gedi was born in Mogadishu, Somalia in 1952. He is from the Abgaal sub-clan of the Hawiye. Gedi was raised by his paternal grandmother and later by his stepmother. Gedi's father was an officer in the military and in 1978 joined the National Security Service (NSS) under the reign of Siad Barre at the rank of Colonel. Gedi was recruited by the NSS during high school and college, tasked with surveilling and reporting on fellow students. He went ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed
Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed (, ; 15 December 1934 – 23 March 2012), was a Somali politician and former military official who served as the first President of Puntland from 1998 to 2004. He also played a key role in establishing the Transitional Federal Government of Somalia, Transitional Federal Government (TFG), which he led as President of Somalia from 2004 to 2008. Additionally, he was one of the founders of the rebel Somali Salvation Democratic Front (SSDF). Yusuf was a career soldier in the Somali National Army, participating in the 1964 Ethiopian–Somali Border War, 1964 Border War and Ogaden War against Ethiopia. After Somalia's defeat in the Ogaden War in 1978, he 1978 Somali coup attempt, led a failed coup against President Siad Barre, marking the start of the Somali Rebellion, Somali rebellion. Following the coup's failure, Yusuf established the Somali Salvation Democratic Front in Ethiopia and began fighting alongside Ethiopian forces against the Somali army. During ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Samora Yunis
Samora Muhammad Yunis ( Ge’ez: ሳሞራ መሐመድ ዩንስ) is an Ethiopian military officer. Born in the Tigray Region in the north of the country, Yunis rose to be a four-star general in the Ethiopian National Defence Forces and eventually Chief of the General Staff in 2001. He would serve until 2018. Biography Yunis fought for the military wing of the Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front, playing a leading role in the Battle of Shire (18–19 February 1989). He was made Chief of General Staff in 2001, when he replaced Tsadkan Gebretensae. According to Human Rights Watch, credible sources identify General Samora as a member of the leadership group which met in Jijiga following the attack on oilmen at Abole on 24 April 2007, to determine an appropriate response to this raid. On 7 June 2018, it was announced that Yunis would be replaced by Seare Mekonen as the new Chief of General Staff. In 2017, he received the Order of the Two Niles The Order of t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kuma Demeksa
Kuma Demeksa (; born 1958) is an Ethiopian politician. Since 24 April 2015, he has been an Ethiopian ambassador to Germany. From 2008 to 2013 he was mayor of Addis Ababa; previous positions include President of the Oromia Region (1995–2001), and Minister of Defense (2005–2008). He was one of the founders, as well as a current member, of the Oromo Peoples' Democratic Organization (OPDO), which is part of the ruling coalition, the Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF). Early life Kuma was born in Gore with the name "Taye Teklemariam", a town in the Illubabor Zone, the oldest of three children. His father is Wodajo Tokon, a priest, who took the name Teklemariam after baptism; his mother is Muluye. He attended the Menelik II Primary School in Bore, despite a daily walk of 12 kilometers to and from school; he attended Haileselassie I Senior Secondary School up to the tenth grade, when the Red Terror closed his school. He then joined the army and was sent ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gabre Heard
Gabre Heard or Gebre Heard, (né Gebregziabher Alemseged Abraha, nom de guerre "Butcher of Mogadishu"), is a former Colonel in the Ethiopian National Defense Force, top party official of the Tigray People's Liberation Front, and the supreme commander of Ethiopian military forces in Somalia. He was in charge of military operations during the Ethiopian invasion and occupation of Somalia from 2006–2008, until his recall to Ethiopia following backlash from the Somali population for war crimes committed by forces under his command. He was later accused of being responsible for war crimes in the Somali Region of Ethiopia. During the Tigray War, the Ethiopian government accused Gabre of treason and issued a warrant for his arrest. Gabre headed Ethiopian military operations for a significant part of the Ethiopian invasion and occupation of Somalia from 2006–2009. Though he is often referred to as 'General Gabre', he held the ENDF rank as Colonel. He came to be a powerful figure in Soma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Meles Zenawi
Meles Zenawi Asres ( Tigringa and ; ), born Legesse Zenawi Asres (8 May 1955 – 20 August 2012) was an Ethiopian politician and former rebel militant commander who served as president of Ethiopia from 1991 to 1995 and as prime minister from 1995 until his death in 2012. Born in Adwa to an Ethiopian father and an Eritrean mother, Meles became actively involved in politics after changing his original first name from Legesse to Meles, adopted following the execution of fellow university student Meles Takele by the Derg government in 1975. In that year, he left Haile Selassie I University to join the Tigray People's Liberation Front (TPLF) and fight against the Derg (the Mengistu Haile Mariam-led military dictatorship in Ethiopia). In 1989, he became the chairman of the TPLF, and the head of the Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF) after its formation in 1988. After leading the EPRDF to victory in the Ethiopian Civil War, he served as president of the Transit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
